Question 1

What is the aim of nursing education?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Nursing education aims for comprehensive development—physical, mental, and vocational—so the inclusive option is correct.

Question 2

Listening to the internal sounds of the body is called what?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Auscultation is the technique of listening to internal body sounds, typically with a stethoscope. Inspection is visual observation, percussion is tapping to assess underlying structures, and palpitation refers to a sensation of a rapid or irregular heartbeat (not the exam technique palpation).

Question 3

What is the study of life called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Biology is the science of life. Botany studies plants, zoology studies animals, and microbiology focuses on microorganisms.

Question 4

Identify the surgical method from the options provided?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: VAT surgery refers to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), a minimally invasive surgical technique using small thoracic ports and a camera. The other options are generic endoscopy, laparoscopic (abdominal) surgery, and NOTES via natural orifices.

Question 5

Catgut belongs to which category of sutures?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Catgut sutures are derived from animal intestine (collagen) and are absorbed by enzymatic proteolysis, classifying them as natural absorbable sutures.

Question 6

A sodium atom and a sodium ion have the same what?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: When a neutral sodium atom becomes a sodium ion (Na⁺), it loses one electron but its number of protons and neutrons remains unchanged. Neutrons are located in the nucleus and are unaffected by ionization, so both the atom and the ion have the same number of neutrons.

Question 7

Assessment is an evaluation of the health status of an individual by performing a physical examination after obtaining a health history is the phase of nursing process during which?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: During the Assessment phase, data are collected and health needs are identified prior to nursing diagnosis and planning.

Question 8

A nurse is planning to assess a patient in the emergency department with the complain of abdominal pain and vomiting. The nurse will use all the method of assessment except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Evaluation is a separate phase of the nursing process, not a method of initial assessment. Observation, interviewing, and physical exam are assessment techniques.

Question 9

The nurse is examining the patient with the complain of breathing. The nurse will follow all the techniques of examination except one?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Removing polyps is a medical procedure requiring a provider; it is not a nursing assessment technique.

Question 10

Nursing process includes the following phases?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The correct six steps of the nursing process are: assessment, diagnosis, outcomes identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Question 11

When a descriptive study seeks the relationship between variables, what is it called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A correlational (correlation) study examines relationships between variables within descriptive research.

Question 12

Which teaching method helps students develop critical thinking through discussion and interaction to enhance higher analytical cognitive skills?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Seminars are interactive, small-group discussions that require learner participation and analysis, promoting higher-order critical thinking. Symposiums and lectures are more didactic, and panel discussions center on experts rather than student-led analysis.

Question 13

What does mortality mean?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mortality refers to the frequency of death in a population, i.e., the death rate. Morbidity would be sickness rate.

Question 14

Who was the first nurse in the world?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Florence Nightingale is widely recognized as the founder of modern nursing and is often cited historically as the first nurse.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a type of thinking?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Perceptual (concrete), conceptual (abstract), and problem-solving are recognized types of thinking in cognitive psychology. Positive thinking is an attitude or mindset, not a distinct type of thinking.

Question 16

What is the first part of a nursing diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A nursing diagnosis is written in the PES format: **Problem → Etiology → Signs/Symptoms**. Therefore, the first component is always the *problem statement* (the client’s actual or potential health issue).

Question 17

The incidence of a Hepatitis B refers to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Incidence measures new cases occurring in a population over a defined time period. Option B describes prevalence; C is mortality; D is nonspecific.

Question 18

Cholecystectomy is classified as which type of surgery?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cholecystectomy removes the diseased gallbladder to eliminate the cause of symptoms (e.g., gallstone disease), aiming for cure rather than symptom relief or restoration of function.

Question 19

What is the process of selecting a sample from the target population called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Selecting a subset from a target population is called sampling. Snowball sampling is a specific method, a sampling frame is the list from which samples are drawn, and 'sampling hypothesis' is not a standard term.

Question 20

In which year was the N.C. (Nursing Council) established?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Historically, the Nursing Council (e.g., the General Nursing Council formed following the 1919 Nurses Registration Act) became established around 1920, making 1920 the best answer among the choices.

Question 21

Tuberculosis (TB) is an example of which type of disease occurrence?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: TB maintains a consistent presence within certain populations and regions over time, fitting the definition of an endemic disease; it is not a widespread pandemic or a sudden epidemic, and 'prodemic' is not a standard term.

Question 22

What is the basic unit of life?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The smallest living unit that carries out life processes is the cell; atoms, water, and the chemical level are not independently living units.

Question 23

Which statistical test is used to analyze variance among groups?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: ANOVA (analysis of variance) tests differences among group means by comparing between-group and within-group variance.

Question 24

What type of radiation is emitted from the radioactive isotope Cobalt?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cobalt-60 decays to nickel-60 emitting high-energy gamma photons, which is why cobalt is used as a gamma source in radiotherapy.

Question 25

Which organization is primarily responsible for coordinating public health emergency preparedness and response in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The CDC serves as the lead federal agency for public health emergency preparedness and response in the United States. It coordinates surveillance, outbreak investigation, national guidelines, and emergency interventions during events such as infectious disease outbreaks and natural disasters.

Question 26

Who is considered the first epidemiologist?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hippocrates is historically regarded as the earliest epidemiologist, describing disease patterns and environmental influences centuries before modern epidemiology; John Snow is the father of modern/field epidemiology.

Question 27

What does infant mortality mean?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Infant mortality rate is defined as the number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.

Question 28

According to which source is disease defined as a condition of maladjustment between environment and man?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The phrase describes the ecological concept of disease, in which illness results from an imbalance or maladjustment between the human host and the environment.

Question 29

In population health statistics, what does the term “infant mortality rate” (IMR) measure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The infant mortality rate is a standard epidemiologic indicator that measures the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births. It reflects overall population health, access to maternal–infant care, and social determinants of health.

Question 30

How many beds are there at a subcenter?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In the standard public health facility structure, a subcenter is a small peripheral unit with 2 observation beds, not intended for inpatient care.

Question 31

A longitudinal or prospective study is also referred to as a?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Longitudinal/prospective designs follow a group over time to assess outcomes relative to exposure, which defines a cohort study. Cross-sectional is a single-time snapshot; ecological uses group-level data; observational is too broad.

Question 32

Which instrument is identified as Hegar dilators?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hegar dilators is the specific name of a set of double-ended uterine dilators; the option explicitly matches the instrument name.

Question 33

What term describes the total number of all individuals who have a particular disease at a point in time?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Prevalence is the total number of existing cases at a specific point in time; incidence counts new cases over a period, and morbidity rate reflects illness frequency, not specifically existing cases at a point.

Question 34

Which commission suggested continuing education?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Kothari Commission (1964–66) emphasized lifelong and continuing education as part of national education reforms. The other committees focused on health service organization rather than continuing education.

Question 35

Who was awarded the first diploma from an American training school for nurses in 1873?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Linda Richards is recognized as America’s first trained nurse and received the first diploma from an American nursing school in 1873 at the New England Hospital for Women and Children. The other figures are notable nurses but not associated with this first diploma.

Question 36

What is the definition of sex ratio?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In community health/demography, sex ratio is commonly defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of health?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: WHO recognizes physical, mental, and social dimensions; psychological is not listed as a separate dimension and overlaps with mental.

Question 38

The surgical technologist is preparing for a laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy. Which of the following equipment is needed for the procedure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy requires an energy device for cutting and hemostasis; a harmonic scalpel is standard for laparoscopic dissection. An endoscopic GIA or Alexis retractor is not typically used, and the specimen is usually removed vaginally without a retrieval bag.

Question 39

What is the test that can be used to identify potassium, sodium, and calcium?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Flame tests identify metal cations by their characteristic flame colors (e.g., Na yellow, K lilac, Ca orange-red).

Question 40

Which test is used to identify the analysis of variance?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: ANOVA stands for Analysis of Variance; the appropriate test to analyze differences in variance among group means is the ANOVA test.

Question 41

Who is the founder of modern psychology?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Erikson is the only legitimate psychologist listed; the other names are fictitious or misspelled, making Erikson the best available choice among the options.

Question 42

Which among the following is odd?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Urochordata, Cephalochordata, and Vertebrata are subphyla within the phylum Chordata. Agnatha, in contrast, is a class/superclass of jawless fishes within the subphylum Vertebrata. Thus Agnatha differs in taxonomic rank and placement from the other three, making it the odd one out.

Question 43

In case of poriferans, the spongocoel is lined with flagellated cells called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In sponges (Porifera), the inner cavity or spongocoel is lined by flagellated collar cells called choanocytes. Their beating flagella generate water currents and their collars trap and phagocytose food particles. Ostia are the incurrent pores, and the osculum is the large excurrent opening. Mesenchymal (amoeboid) cells reside in the mesohyl and are not the flagellated lining cells.

Question 44

Which of the following is not an arthropod characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Arthropods possess segmented bodies organized into tagmata, jointed appendages, and an articulated chitinous exoskeleton. They grow by periodic moulting (ecdysis) of the exoskeleton. Therefore, having non-segmented bodies is not an arthropod characteristic.

Question 45

Echinoderms are not characterized by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Most echinoderms lack specialized excretory organs, relying on diffusion for waste removal. They are typically dioecious (separate sexes), not bisexual/hermaphroditic, so 'bisexual animals' is not a characteristic. Fertilization is usually external in the surrounding seawater, and development is indirect with free-swimming larval stages. Therefore, the incorrect statement is 'Bisexual animals.

Question 46

Pteropus is a/an?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pteropus is the genus of fruit bats (flying foxes) in the order Chiroptera. Bats are mammals and are the only mammals capable of sustained powered flight. The other options describe unrelated taxa: limbless amphibians (caecilians), extinct mammal-like reptiles (therapsids), and anadromous bony fish such as salmon. Therefore, Pteropus is a mammal with flight.

Question 47

Headquarters of World Health Organisation (WHO) is situated at?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The World Health Organization is the United Nations’ specialized agency for health and has maintained its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland since its establishment in 1948. New York is the UN headquarters but not WHO’s. London and Paris host other international bodies but are not the location of WHO HQ. Therefore, Geneva is correct.

Question 48

Secondary cell wall us made up of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The secondary plant cell wall is characterized by high cellulose content embedded with hemicelluloses (e.g., xylans, glucomannans) and lignin, which provides rigidity and resistance to compression. Pectin is a major component of the primary cell wall and middle lamella, not the secondary wall. Therefore, options including pectin or only cellulose are incorrect. The classic triad for the secondary wall is cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.

Question 49

Branchiostoma is an example of Cephalochordata?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Branchiostoma (amphioxus or lancelet) is a primitive chordate that belongs to the subphylum Cephalochordata. Members of Cephalochordata have a notochord extending the length of the body, including into the head region, and lack a distinct vertebral column. Branchiostoma exemplifies these features, making the statement true.

Question 50

Beaker is used for.....?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A beaker is a general-purpose piece of laboratory glassware with a wide mouth that facilitates adding reagents and using a stirring rod, making it ideal for stirring and mixing solutions. Beakers are commonly made of borosilicate glass that tolerates thermal changes, so they can be safely heated on a hot plate or over a flame. Therefore, a beaker is used for stirring, mixing, and heating.

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