Question 1

Which sense is primarily used during inspection in a physical assessment?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Inspection is the initial step of the physical examination and relies on visual observation to assess the patient’s overall appearance, skin integrity, symmetry, and any visible abnormalities. Touch is used during palpation, hearing during auscultation, and smell may provide additional clues but is not the primary sense used in inspection.

Question 2

What is the term for statements formulated to predict the relationship between two or more variables?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A hypothesis is a testable statement predicting how two or more variables are related. Interpretation explains the results; assumptions are taken for granted; an analytical method is a procedure, not a predictive statement.

Question 3

What is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data needed for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Public health surveillance is defined as the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice.

Question 4

"Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity." This was stated by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The widely accepted definition of health is the World Health Organization's 1948 definition.

Question 5

What does the epidemiological triad consist of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The classical epidemiologic triad describes disease causation through the interaction among the agent, the host, and the environment.

Question 6

Which type of scissors is identified as a Metzenbaum scissors?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Metzenbaum scissors are surgical instruments used for cutting delicate tissue; among the given options, the correct identification is explicitly 'Metzenbaum scissors'.

Question 7

Who is known as the father of modern gynecology?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: J. Marion Sims has historically been referred to as the father of modern gynecology.

Question 8

Which committee introduced the rural health scheme?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Rural Health Scheme (launched in 1977) was based on the 1975 Shrivastava Committee recommendations advocating community-based health workers and the reorientation of medical education.

Question 9

What term describes the accuracy and consistency of a research tool?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Reliability refers to the consistency and stability of a measurement instrument across time and conditions, often described as a reproducible accuracy. Validity is accuracy in measuring the intended construct, objectivity is the lack of bias, and sensitivity is the ability to detect change.

Question 10

Nurse Angela knew that Stephen Lee Mu Chin had just undergone an operation with an incision near the diaphragm. She knew that this would contribute to some complications later on. What type of nursing diagnosis should she then develop?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The nurse anticipates potential complications after surgery; this calls for a risk nursing diagnosis (e.g., risk for impaired gas exchange or infection), not an actual diagnosis.

Question 11

The infant mortality rate is expressed in terms of which rate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The infant mortality rate is defined as the number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.

Question 12

What is the statistical study of human populations—their size, structure, and distribution—called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Demography is the statistical study of human populations, including their size, structure, distribution, and changes over time.

Question 13

Gas has __________ energy compared to a solid?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gas particles have greater kinetic energy than particles in a solid, so gases possess more energy than solids.

Question 14

They were the first to suggest a four-step nursing process, which is APIE, or assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. 1. Yura 2. Walsh 3. Roy 4. Knowles?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Yura and Walsh (1967) first articulated the four-step nursing process: Assessment, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation (APIE).

Question 15

Which federal agency is responsible for conducting national public health surveillance in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The CDC is the primary federal agency responsible for collecting, analyzing, and reporting national public health data. It monitors disease trends, identifies emerging health threats, and guides evidence-based public health interventions.

Question 16

The statistical study of human population, its size, structure, and distribution is called...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Demography is defined as the statistical study of human populations, including their size, structure, and distribution.

Question 17

A nursing diagnosis represents?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Nursing diagnoses identify human responses to health conditions that nurses can manage independently.

Question 18

The nursing process is utilized to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The nursing process (assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation) provides a systematic, organized, comprehensive framework to meet client needs.

Question 19

The number of pulses, heartbeats, or respirations per minute is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Rate is the count of events per minute, such as heartbeats, pulses, or respirations. Quality describes character or strength, volume is amplitude, and vital signs are the overall measurements.

Question 20

What type of data source is a patient's chart?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In nursing assessment, the patient is the primary data source; the medical record or chart is a secondary source because it contains data recorded by others.

Question 21

Which of the following nursing theorists is credited with developing a conceptual model specific to nursing that has man as the central focus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Martha Rogers proposed the Science of Unitary Human Beings, a conceptual model specific to nursing that places the human being (man) at the center. Orem focuses on self-care, Nightingale on the environment, and Roy on adaptation.

Question 22

Which examination used a stethoscope?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Auscultation is listening to body sounds with a stethoscope; percussion and palpation use tapping and touch, not a stethoscope.

Question 23

Which element is used in a hospital thermometer?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Traditional clinical thermometers use mercury because its uniform thermal expansion and visible meniscus allow accurate temperature readings.

Question 24

98.6°F is equal to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Convert using C = (F − 32) × 5/9; (98.6 − 32) × 5/9 = 37°C.

Question 25

What was the first transplanted organ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Among the listed options, liver transplantation was performed first (1963). Heart and pancreas transplants occurred later; brain has not been transplanted.

Question 26

What does "women of reproductive age" refer to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: WHO and public health standards define women of reproductive age as 15–49 years.

Question 27

Lifestyle modification is an example of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lifestyle modification aims to prevent the emergence of risk factors (e.g., unhealthy diet, inactivity, smoking) at a population/individual level, which defines primordial prevention.

Question 28

Who is the first nurse researcher?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Florence Nightingale pioneered systematic data collection and statistical analysis during the Crimean War, making her widely recognized as the first nurse researcher.

Question 29

The Alma-Ata Conference was held in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The International Conference on Primary Health Care at Alma-Ata adopted the Alma-Ata Declaration in 1978.

Question 30

Philosophies of Primary Health Care are as follows except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: PHC philosophy includes equity and social justice, intersectoral coordination, and the link between health and development. Primary prevention is a level of prevention, not a PHC philosophy.

Question 31

Which federal agency is responsible for setting national objectives for improving population health in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services oversees the “Healthy People” initiative, which establishes national health objectives every decade. These goals promote evidence-based strategies to improve population health, reduce disparities, and strengthen public health infrastructure.

Question 32

Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths per?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Infant mortality rate is defined as the number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1000 live births in a given year.

Question 33

Principles of primary health care are all except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Core principles of primary health care are equitable distribution, community participation, intersectoral coordination, and use of appropriate technology. Universal primary education is an education-sector goal, not itself a PHC principle.

Question 34

The period from disease initiation to disease detection is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In epidemiology, the latent period is the interval between disease onset (initiation) and its detectability, often before symptoms. Incubation is from exposure to symptom onset, and communicable period is when transmission can occur.

Question 35

The temperature of 98.7 degrees Fahrenheit is approximately equal to ..... degrees Celsius?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Convert using C = (F − 32) × 5/9. (98.7 − 32) × 5/9 = 37.06°C.

Question 36

All of the following are principles of primary health care except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Primary Health Care principles (Alma-Ata) include equitable distribution, community participation, intersectoral coordination, and appropriate technology. 'Advance technology' is not a principle.

Question 37

All of the following are pillars of primary health care except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pillars (principles) of primary health care are equitable distribution, community participation, intersectoral coordination, and appropriate technology. Health education is an essential element of PHC, not a pillar.

Question 38

The target "Health for All by 2000 AD" was declared by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The World Health Organization set the goal "Health for All by the year 2000" at the 30th World Health Assembly and promoted it through the Alma-Ata primary health care movement.

Question 39

IMNCI stands for?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: IMNCI is the WHO/UNICEF program titled Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness.

Question 40

The '3-million Plan' was proposed by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The long-term reorganization of health services termed the "Three Million Plan" was recommended by the Bhore Committee (Health Survey & Development Committee, 1946).

Question 41

Definition of low birth weight?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Low birth weight is defined as a birth weight less than 2,500 grams (2.5 kg), regardless of gestational age.

Question 42

Which level of care in the U.S. healthcare system focuses on providing specialized services typically delivered by specialists after referral from a primary care provider?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Secondary care involves specialized clinical services provided after referral from a primary care provider, such as cardiology, dermatology, or general surgery. It represents the intermediate level of the healthcare system between primary and tertiary care.

Question 43

Concept of MPHW was given by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The 1973 Kartar Singh Committee proposed the Multipurpose Health Worker scheme, recommending one male and one female MPHW at each subcentre to integrate vertical programs.

Question 44

The concept of 'Multipurpose Health Worker' was given by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Kartar Singh Committee (1973–74) proposed the Multipurpose Worker Scheme, reorganizing field staff into multipurpose health workers; thus the concept is attributed to this committee.

Question 45

The Bhore committee aim that having a health centre to serve a population of about?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bhore Committee (1946) recommended a primary health centre to cover roughly 40,000 people, fitting the 30,000–40,000 range.

Question 46

A group on medical education and support manpower was popularly known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The 1975 Srivastava Committee was formally the Group on Medical Education and Support Manpower, focusing on health manpower planning and community-based health workers.

Question 47

Condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called a?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A variable is a characteristic that can assume different values or categories; a constant does not vary, and the other options describe types of relationships.

Question 48

A good research proposal will always?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The core of a good proposal is a clear plan to address the research objectives. The other options are secondary or unrealistic (e.g., considering all prior research) and do not define a good proposal.

Question 49

Which action by the nurse best demonstrates application of the nursing process?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The nursing process is cyclical and includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Reassessing pain after administering an analgesic represents evaluation, which determines whether the intervention achieved the intended outcome. The other options reflect tasks or preparatory actions but do not demonstrate evaluation of patient response.

Question 50

Arrange the steps of the nursing process in the sequence in which they generally occur: A- Assessment B- Evaluation C- Planning outcomes D- Planning interventions E- Diagnosis Which option shows the correct order?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The nursing process begins with assessment, followed by nursing diagnosis based on the collected data. The nurse then establishes expected outcomes and plans appropriate interventions. Finally, evaluation determines whether the outcomes were achieved and if the plan of care was effective.

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