Question 1

Largest living animals belong to the group of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The largest animal alive is the blue whale, which is a mammal. Whales possess mammary glands, breathe air with lungs, and are warm-blooded—key mammalian characteristics. Therefore, the group containing the largest living animals is Mammalia, not fishes, molluscs, or reptiles.

Question 2

The instrument used to hear internal body sounds is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A stethoscope is the device used for auscultation to hear internal body sounds such as heart, lung, and bowel sounds. An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart rather than audible sounds. An endoscope is used to visualize internal structures with a camera. A spirometer measures lung volumes and capacities.

Question 3

This is not the function of plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The plasma membrane mediates cell signaling, intercellular interactions, and transport processes; many membranes also participate in energy transduction (e.g., electron transport in bacteria or organelle membranes). Chromosome segregation, however, is carried out by the mitotic spindle and kinetochore–microtubule attachments at centromeres, not by the plasma membrane. Therefore assisting in chromosome segregation is not a function of the plasma membrane.

Question 4

Which term represents kinetic energy per unit volume?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In Bernoulli’s equation, the energy terms per unit volume are pressure (P), gravitational potential energy (ρgh), and kinetic energy (1/2 ρv^2). Thus 1/2 ρv^2 represents kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid. P is pressure energy per unit volume, ρgh is potential energy per unit volume, and mg is a force, not an energy density.

Question 5

Placentation, in which ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary or in peripheral part, is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In parietal placentation, ovules form on the inner wall or periphery of a unilocular ovary where the placentae are located along the ovary wall. In axile placentation, ovules attach to a central column within a multilocular ovary. Basal placentation has a single ovule attached at the base, and free central has ovules on a free-standing central placenta. Therefore, the description matches parietal placentation.

Question 6

What is the smallest unit of matter?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical identity and properties of an element. Molecules consist of two or more atoms bonded together. Compounds are molecules made of atoms of different elements. An element is a pure substance composed of only one kind of atom.

Question 7

Resistance to flow of a fluid is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Viscosity is the internal resistance of a fluid to flow, reflecting its internal friction between layers during shear. Higher viscosity means thicker fluid and greater resistance to movement, as seen with blood versus water. Friction typically refers to resistance between solid surfaces, not within a fluid. Velocity is speed of flow, and elasticity pertains to deformation and recovery of solids, not fluid flow resistance.

Question 8

Neutrons are present in all atoms except ____?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: All elements have at least one neutron in their stable isotopes except protium, the most common isotope of hydrogen (¹H), which contains only one proton and one electron. Chromium, carbon, and magnesium each have neutrons in their nuclei in all naturally occurring isotopes. Therefore the exception is hydrogen.

Question 9

Which among the following is incorrect about chordata?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Chordates are defined by features such as a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail at least at some stage of development. The statement that their notochord vanishes after a period is incorrect because this is not universal: in cephalochordates the notochord persists throughout life, while in vertebrates it is largely replaced by the vertebral column and in tunicates it is present only in the larva. The other statements reflect core chordate characteristics.

Question 10

Powerhouse of the cell is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mitochondria produce most of the cell’s ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, supplying energy for cellular processes—hence the term "powerhouse." Ribosomes synthesize proteins, the Golgi body modifies and packages proteins, and lysosomes perform intracellular digestion. Therefore, mitochondria best fit the description.

Question 11

Which among the following is not correct about Urochordata?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Urochordates (tunicates) possess numerous pharyngeal gill slits used for filter feeding; therefore, stating that they do not contain gill clefts is incorrect. They are protochordates and are predominantly marine. The post-anal tail and notochord are present in the larval stage and are lost in most adults.

Question 12

Phloem is without ______ in pteridophytes?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In pteridophytes, phloem consists primarily of sieve cells and phloem parenchyma. Companion cells are a feature of angiosperm sieve tubes and are absent in pteridophytes. Therefore, the phloem of pteridophytes lacks companion cells.

Question 13

What is the power house of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mitochondria generate most of the cell’s ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, supplying the energy required for cellular processes, hence the nickname 'powerhouse of the cell.' Ribosomes synthesize proteins, the Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins and lipids, and the nucleus stores genetic material. Therefore, mitochondria best fit the description.

Question 14

The suicidal bags of the cell are ____?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest cellular debris and can cause autolysis when their membranes rupture, hence the term 'suicidal bags.' Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not degradation. Phagosomes are vesicles formed during phagocytosis that later fuse with lysosomes for digestion. Dictyosomes are Golgi apparatus stacks involved in packaging and secretion.

Question 15

Cell wall is absent in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Animal cells lack a cell wall and are bounded only by a flexible plasma membrane and extracellular matrix. Plant cells have a cellulose cell wall, bacteria have a peptidoglycan cell wall, and fungi have a chitin-containing wall. Therefore, the absence of a cell wall is characteristic of animal cells.

Question 16

"Protein factory" of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains. Mitochondria primarily generate ATP, the cell’s energy currency. The nucleus stores genetic material and regulates transcription, while lysosomes are involved in intracellular digestion. Thus, the organelle termed the cell’s “protein factory” is the ribosome.

Question 17

Water which is boiled and the resulting steam cooled characterize which type of water purification?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Boiling water and condensing the steam is the process of distillation. It separates water from dissolved salts, many organics, and microbes by phase change and condensation. Deionization removes charged ions but does not remove non‑ionized organics or microorganisms. Filtration and reverse osmosis rely on physical barriers or membranes rather than vaporization and condensation.

Question 18

Pomology is the study of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pomology is a branch of horticulture concerned with the study and cultivation of fruit. It encompasses the biology, breeding, production, and post-harvest handling of fruit crops. Therefore, the correct answer is fruits.

Question 19

What is the basic unit of structure and function in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cell is the fundamental unit of life and the smallest structure capable of performing all vital functions. Tissues are organized groups of similar cells, organs are composed of multiple tissues, and organ systems are collections of organs working together. Therefore, the most basic structural and functional unit is the cell.

Question 20

Study of flowers is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The scientific term for the study of flowers is anthology (from Greek anthos, meaning flower, and logia, study). Biology is the broad study of life, and zoology specifically concerns animals. Therefore, among the given choices, anthology is the correct and most specific term.

Question 21

Which one is a plant hormone?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cytokinins are a class of plant hormones that stimulate cell division, promote shoot formation, and delay leaf senescence. Oxytocin, insulin, and thyroxine are animal hormones produced by humans and other animals. Therefore, among the options, only cytokinin is a plant hormone.

Question 22

Blood pressure is measured in units of ....?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blood pressure is a measure of hydrostatic pressure exerted by blood against arterial walls and is expressed in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). This unit derives from mercury column manometers historically used in sphygmomanometers. Degree F measures temperature, L/min measures flow rate (e.g., oxygen), and BPM measures heart rate, not pressure.

Question 23

What is thick vein present in the middle of the leaf called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The prominent central vein that runs longitudinally through a leaf is called the midrib. Venation refers to the overall pattern of veins in the leaf blade. Parallel and reticulate describe types of venation, not the specific central structure. Therefore, the thick middle vein is the midrib.

Question 24

Which radiation is used in the treatment of muscle ache?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Infrared radiation provides superficial heat that increases local blood flow, reduces muscle spasm, and relieves pain, making it commonly used for muscle aches. Ultraviolet light is mainly used for dermatologic conditions. X-rays are used for imaging or radiotherapy, not routine pain relief. Microwave diathermy can produce deep heating but is less commonly used for simple muscle aches and carries more risk of uneven heating.

Question 25

What is the scientific name of Housefly?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The housefly’s scientific name is Musca domestica; option D reflects this (despite a minor spelling variance). The other options are scientific names for different animals: Columba livia (rock pigeon), Naja naja (Indian cobra), and Panthera leo (lion). Therefore, the correct choice is the binomial for the common housefly.

Question 26

One of the following is not air pollutants?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Oxygen is a normal, essential component of atmospheric air (~21%) and is not considered a pollutant. Dust constitutes particulate matter that can impair air quality and harm respiratory health. Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion and is a recognized air pollutant.

Question 27

Spread of a particular disease across many Nations at a time is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A pandemic refers to the widespread transmission of a disease across multiple countries or continents, affecting a large population. An epidemic is increased occurrence within a specific community or region. Incidence measures new cases over a time period, while prevalence reflects all existing cases at a point or period. Therefore, the description matches a pandemic.

Question 28

What is the first step in the nursing process?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The nursing process follows the ADPIE sequence: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation. Assessment comes first to collect subjective and objective data, establish a baseline, and identify patient needs. Accurate assessment drives the subsequent nursing diagnosis and plan of care.

Question 29

Photochemical smog is also known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Photochemical smog results from sunlight-driven reactions between nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, producing oxidants such as ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrates. This type of smog is classically associated with sunny, vehicle-dense cities like Los Angeles, hence the term "Los Angeles smog." It contrasts with sulfurous "London smog," which forms from coal smoke and sulfur dioxide under cool, humid conditions.

Question 30

The weight of Full_Term baby is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The average birth weight of a full-term newborn is about 3.2–3.6 kg, with a normal range roughly 2.5–4.0 kg. A weight of 1.5 kg indicates low birth weight, typically preterm. Weights of 5.5 kg and 6.3 kg represent significant macrosomia, well above typical term averages. Therefore, 3.5 kg best represents the normal weight of a full-term baby.

Question 31

Defined as an alteration in normal function resulting in reduction of capacities and shortening of life span?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The definition given describes a pathological alteration in normal body function that leads to decreased capacity and potentially a shortened lifespan, which is the definition of disease. Illness refers to the person’s subjective experience of symptoms, not necessarily structural or functional change. Health and wellness reflect optimal functioning and well-being, the opposite of the stem. Therefore, the best answer is disease.

Question 32

HCL Acid?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a prototypical strong acid that dissociates essentially completely in water to form H3O+ and Cl−. Its very large Ka (pKa around −6) indicates near-complete ionization at typical concentrations. Thus it yields a high hydrogen ion concentration and behaves as a strong electrolyte, classifying it as a strong acid.

Question 33

Who is the father of cell?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Robert Hooke first described and named the “cell” in 1665 after observing cork through a microscope, laying the foundation for cytology. Theodor Schwann later helped formulate cell theory, but he is not credited as the father of the cell. Felix Dujardin described ‘sarcode’ (protoplasm) in protozoa and is also not the correct choice.

Question 34

The kinds of nursing diagnoses according to status are ...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: By status, nursing diagnoses are commonly grouped as four types: actual, risk (high-risk), possible, and wellness/health-promotion. Actual diagnoses have defining characteristics present; risk diagnoses indicate vulnerability without current signs; possible diagnoses are suspected pending more data; wellness/health-promotion reflects readiness to enhance health. Therefore, the number of kinds according to status is four.

Question 35

Sphygmomanometer measures?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A sphygmomanometer is the device used to measure arterial blood pressure, providing systolic and diastolic values using an inflatable cuff and a manometer (with or without a stethoscope). It does not measure pulse rate or heart rate directly; those are assessed by palpation, pulse oximetry, or ECG/monitoring devices. Therefore, the correct choice is blood pressure.

Question 36

When temperature of a liquid increases, its surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Surface tension is produced by cohesive intermolecular forces at the liquid surface. As temperature rises, molecules have greater kinetic energy and overcome these cohesive attractions more readily, lowering the surface free energy. Therefore, surface tension decreases with increasing temperature and tends toward zero near the critical temperature.

Question 37

Which gas is used in laparoscopic surgery?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Carbon dioxide is the standard insufflation gas for creating pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopy. It is nonflammable, making it safe with electrocautery. CO2 is highly soluble in blood and is rapidly eliminated via the lungs, reducing the risk and consequences of gas embolism. Helium and argon are less soluble, and nitrous oxide is combustible and supports combustion.

Question 38

The process of cell division is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mitosis is the process by which a somatic cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells, ensuring equal distribution of duplicated chromosomes. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, not cell division. Fermentation is an anaerobic metabolic pathway for ATP production. Diffusion is passive movement of molecules down a concentration gradient.

Question 39

The headquarters of WHO is located at?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations with its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, established there in 1948. New York is the headquarters of the UN itself, Paris hosts UNESCO, and Rome hosts the FAO. Therefore, the correct location for WHO headquarters is Geneva.

Question 40

The basic unit of life is–?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit capable of carrying out all processes of life, including metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Atoms are chemical units and are not living. Tissues and organs are higher levels of organization composed of cells. Therefore, the basic unit of life is the cell.

Question 41

Spiritual growth is part of which need?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In Maslow’s hierarchy, spiritual growth, morality, creativity, and fulfillment of potential are aspects of self-actualization, the highest level of human needs. Esteem needs involve respect and self-worth, while physiological and safety needs are more basic survival and security needs. Therefore, spiritual growth aligns with self-actualization.

Question 42

What is the primary goal of public health?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Public health focuses on populations, aiming to prevent disease, prolong life, and promote health through community-wide interventions. It emphasizes surveillance, policy, and environmental and social determinants of health rather than individual treatment. Options C and D are anatomical terms unrelated to goals of public health, and option A describes clinical medicine’s focus on individuals, not public health.

Question 43

Basic human needs are essential for?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Basic human needs such as oxygen, fluids, nutrition, shelter, and elimination are the minimum requirements for sustaining life. Without these, physiological homeostasis fails and survival is threatened. Enjoyment, education, and communication are important higher-level psychosocial needs, but they are not essential for immediate survival.

Question 44

'Nursing is a theoretical body of knowledge that prescribes analysis and action to care for an ill person'. This is proposed by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The statement describing nursing as a theoretical body of knowledge that guides both analysis and action aligns with the Neuman Systems Model, which frames nursing practice around systematic assessment of stressors and implementation of preventive interventions. Betty Neuman emphasized using a conceptual model to analyze client responses and then act to maintain or restore system stability. Roy, Henderson, and Rogers each have distinct emphases (adaptation, basic needs, unitary human beings) that do not match this wording as closely. Therefore, the best match is Betty Neuman.

Question 45

What is chest compression and ventilation ratio in neonatal resuscitation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In neonatal resuscitation, compressions are coordinated with ventilations at a 3:1 ratio (90 compressions and 30 breaths per minute, totaling 120 events/min). This emphasizes ventilation because most neonatal arrests are primarily respiratory in origin. Higher ratios such as 15:2 or 30:2 are used in older children/adults during CPR rather than routine neonatal resuscitation. Therefore, 3:1 is the correct ratio for standard neonatal resuscitation.

Question 46

India’s National Health Mission integrates NCD control through?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: NCD control under India’s National Health Mission is implemented through NPCDCS (National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke), which specifically targets major non-communicable diseases. IDSP focuses on disease surveillance and outbreak detection, not comprehensive NCD control. NVBDCP and RNTCP address vector-borne diseases and tuberculosis respectively, which are communicable disease programs.

Question 47

Helping patient achieve life goals relates to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the highest level and involves realizing one’s full potential, personal growth, and achieving meaningful life goals. Helping a patient work toward and attain life goals aligns directly with this concept. Esteem focuses more on respect, confidence, and recognition, while social needs involve belonging and relationships. Safety needs relate to security and protection, not personal fulfillment goals.

Question 48

The global target of NCDs by 2030 is reduction of premature mortality by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.4 target for 2030 aims to reduce premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases by one third. One third corresponds to approximately a 30% reduction. Therefore, among the options provided, 30% is the best match to the established global target.

Question 49

Which colour cannula is 24 gauge?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Standard peripheral IV cannula color coding commonly used in clinical practice assigns 24-gauge to blue. This helps clinicians rapidly select an appropriate catheter size for small or fragile veins (e.g., pediatrics/geriatrics) and for lower-flow infusions. Other common mappings include 22G = blue in some systems, but the widely taught convention for 24G is blue, with 22G often being gray.

Question 50

Curriculum reflects the culture of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Curriculum is a social construct shaped by societal values, norms, and needs, so it primarily reflects the culture of the wider society. Educational goals, content selection, and expected competencies are determined by what society considers important for its members. While schools/colleges and homes influence learning, they operate within and are influenced by the broader societal culture that frames education.

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