Question 1

When should immunizations begin for a newborn infant?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The first recommended immunization for a newborn is the Hepatitis B vaccine, which is administered at birth. Other routine infant vaccines—such as DTaP, Hib, IPV, and others—begin at 2 months of age, not before discharge or at 3–6 months.

Question 2

The EPI includes all vaccines except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The standard EPI schedule includes BCG, DPT, OPV (polio), and the measles vaccine—not MMR. Therefore, MMR is the exception.

Question 3

What is the correct dose of the tetanus toxoid (T.T.) injection?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The standard dose for the tetanus toxoid/Td vaccine is 0.5 mL administered intramuscularly.

Question 4

An 18-month-old child is on peritoneal dialysis in preparation for a renal transplant in the near future. When the nurse obtains the child's health history, the mother indicates that the child has not had the first measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) immunization. The PRIORITY nursing action is based on the understanding that?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: MMR is a live vaccine and should be administered before transplantation. After transplant, immunosuppressive therapy contraindicates live vaccines due to the increased risk of infection.

Question 5

The minimum interval between two doses of the TT vaccine given to an antenatal mother should be?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: For tetanus toxoid in pregnancy, TT2 is administered at least four weeks after TT1; the minimum interval is one month.

Question 6

Shakir's tape is used to measure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Shakir’s tape is a color-coded MUAC tape used to measure the mid-upper arm circumference to screen for acute malnutrition in children.

Question 7

Which vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: MMR is a live-attenuated vaccine, and is contraindicated in pregnancy due to theoretical fetal risk. Hepatitis B and tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis vaccines are inactivated and can be given during pregnancy (Tdap recommended).

Question 8

When did Mission INDERDHANUSH start?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mission Indradhanush was launched on Good Governance Day, 25 December 2014, to intensify immunization coverage.

Question 9

Dose of BCG under 1 year?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: BCG is given intradermally. The standard pediatric dose is 0.05 mL for infants under 1 year and 0.1 mL for older children. Among the provided options, 0.1 mL is the only standard vaccine dose listed and is therefore the best available choice.

Question 10

What is the first vaccination administered before a newborn baby leaves the hospital?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The first routine vaccine given at birth is the hepatitis B vaccine. Polio and diphtheria (DTaP) vaccines begin at 2 months, and MMR is given at 12–15 months.

Question 11

Which of the following vaccines is administered to the newborn within 12 hours of birth?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The first dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine should be given within 12 hours of birth to prevent perinatal transmission from an infected mother to the infant.

Question 12

Which method is used to carry small quantities of vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vaccine carriers are insulated containers with ice packs used to transport small quantities of vaccines during outreach sessions; ILR and refrigerators are for stationary storage.

Question 13

While obtaining the history of a two-week-old infant during the well-baby exam, the nurse finds that the neonatal screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) was done when the infant was less than 24 hours old. It is a PRIORITY for the nurse to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: PKU screening before 24 hours can be unreliable because the infant has not ingested sufficient protein; therefore a repeat blood specimen should be obtained by the third week of life. At two weeks, the priority is to repeat the test now.

Question 14

First vaccine for newborn baby______?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At birth the routine immunization schedule includes BCG (for tuberculosis). DTP is started later (around 6 weeks) and tetanus is not given to newborns as a standalone vaccine.

Question 15

What is the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine used to prevent?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: HPV infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer; vaccination prevents HPV and thereby lowers cervical cancer risk. It does not prevent lung or generic uterus cancers.

Question 16

Pap smear test is used for _____?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A Pap smear collects cervical cells to detect precancerous and cancerous changes of the cervix; it is not for fungal or general vaginal exams and not related to lung cancer.

Question 17

All of the following vaccines are given at birth except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At birth, BCG, polio (OPV zero dose), and hepatitis B birth dose are given; hepatitis A is not started until later in infancy (around 12 months).

Question 18

When did the global immunization programme start?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: WHO launched the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in 1974, establishing the global immunization program.

Question 19

How many diseases are vaccinated according to the National Immunization Schedule?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The classic National/Expanded Immunization Program targets six vaccine‑preventable diseases: tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, and measles.

Question 20

What should the interval between two doses of TT in a pregnant woman be?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: For pregnant clients, two doses of tetanus toxoid are administered at least 4 weeks apart, i.e., one month between doses.

Question 21

RBSK includes 4 'D's, except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: RBSK’s 4 Ds are Defects at birth, Diseases in children, Deficiencies, and Developmental delays including disabilities. “Defects after birth” is incorrect; it should be “at birth.”.

Question 22

RBSK includes all Except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: RBSK focuses on the 4 Ds: Defects at birth, Diseases in children, Deficiencies, and Developmental delays including disabilities. 'Disease in infant' is not one of the 4 Ds.

Question 23

Cholera vaccine provides protection for-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Current oral cholera vaccines provide protection for about 3 years, with boosters recommended at 3-year intervals; hence 36 months is correct.

Question 24

Which of the following sentences is not true?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The minimal interval between two live vaccines (if not given on the same day) is four weeks, not eight. All other statements are true regarding immunization practices.

Question 25

What should the nurse advise a 62-year-old client with a blood pressure reading of 160/96 mmHg who states their blood pressure is usually much lower?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A BP of 160/96 mmHg reflects stage 2 hypertension but without emergency symptoms. The safest advice is prompt recheck/confirmation within 48–72 hours and arrange follow-up, rather than immediate emergency care or delaying for weeks.

Question 26

When should the varicella (chickenpox) vaccination be given to an infant after birth?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The first dose of varicella vaccine is recommended at 12–15 months of age. It is not given at birth or 1 month, and exposure alone is not an indication for immediate routine vaccination in infants under 12 months.

Question 27

Which of the following statements about anthropometric measurements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Standard pediatric skinfold sites are triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac—not the supraumbilical region—so B is false. The other statements align with routine newborn anthropometric practices.

Question 28

A patient at 10 weeks’ gestation is not immune to rubella; what is the appropriate timing for MMR vaccination?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: MMR is a live-attenuated vaccine and is contraindicated during pregnancy; it should be given after delivery to protect future pregnancies.

Question 29

A baby born vaginally at 39 weeks to a chronic hepatitis B carrier mother should receive which therapy on the first day of life?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers should receive both hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG within 12 hours of birth to prevent vertical transmission.

Question 30

If no scar appears after administering BCG, should one re-vaccinate the child?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Absence of a BCG scar does not prove lack of immunity; WHO and immunization guidelines do not recommend revaccination solely for no scar.

Question 31

The pentavalent vaccine provides protection against which diseases?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pentavalent vaccine combines DPT with Hepatitis B and Hib, covering diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, and Hemophilus influenzae type b.

Question 32

Which of the following advice is appropriate for a mother who refuses to immunize her baby?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Therapeutic education should provide accurate benefits of immunization; vaccines prevent many infectious diseases. Other options are non-therapeutic or irrelevant.

Question 33

What is the best response by the nurse when a 76-year-old male client asks about his chances of getting osteoporosis like his wife?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Men can also develop osteoporosis and a small frame increases risk, not decreases. The best response is to recommend appropriate screening with a bone density test in an older adult male.

Question 34

Which of the following is a true statement about the DPT vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: All listed statements are correct: DPT is administered intramuscularly; a booster is recommended at 16–24 months; and it is an inactivated vaccine (toxoid components with killed pertussis).

Question 35

Which statement about BCG vaccination is correct?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: BCG dose is 0.05 mL intradermal for newborns and 0.1 mL for older children; it provides protection against tuberculosis, particularly severe forms. Hence all statements are correct.

Question 36

Which vaccines should a 4-week-old infant who was immunized earlier never receive?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At 4 weeks, no vaccines are due if birth doses were already given. BCG and OPV birth doses are not repeated at 4 weeks, and measles is not given until 9 months; therefore these should not be administered now.

Question 37

Which medicine should be given by nursing staff to a burned patient as soon as possible after admission?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Burn wounds disrupt skin integrity and risk tetanus contamination; immediate tetanus prophylaxis with tetanus toxoid is indicated on admission. Other options do not prevent wound-related tetanus.

Question 38

What is a contraindication for rubella immunization?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Rubella (MMR) is a live attenuated vaccine and is contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential fetal risk. Fever or diarrhea alone are not absolute contraindications.

Question 39

Which of the following vaccines is contraindicated during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: MMR is a live attenuated vaccine and is contraindicated during pregnancy due to theoretical risk to the fetus. Tdap (tetanus), hepatitis B, and inactivated influenza vaccines are safe in pregnancy.

Question 40

What is the first vaccine injected into a newborn baby?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: BCG is administered at birth as an intradermal injection. Oral polio is not injected, and DPT is scheduled later in infancy.

Question 41

A client is admitted to the emergency room with a gunshot wound to the right arm. After dressing the wound and administering the prescribed antibiotic, the nurse should?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gunshot wounds are puncture injuries with tetanus risk. After stabilizing the wound and giving antibiotics, the nurse should verify tetanus immunization status to determine need for booster or immune globulin. Allergies should have been verified before antibiotics; splinting is not universally indicated; pain control is appropriate but prevention of tetanus is the priority next step.

Question 42

The local health clinic recommends vaccination against influenza for all its employees. The influenza vaccine is given annually in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Influenza vaccination is administered annually prior to or early in flu season, typically scheduled in the fall (October–November). Among the choices, November is the appropriate time.

Question 43

A 4-month-old is brought to the well-baby clinic for immunization. In addition to the DPT and polio vaccines, the baby should receive?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At 4 months, routine vaccines include DTaP, IPV, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). MMR/mumps are first given at 12–15 months, and Hepatitis B is typically at birth, 1–2 months, and 6–18 months.

Question 44

A client tells the nurse that she is allergic to eggs, dogs, rabbits, and chicken feathers. Which order should the nurse question?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vaccines can contain residual animal/egg proteins. With allergies to eggs and chicken feathers (and animals used in vaccine culture), the rubella vaccine order should be questioned. TB skin test, ELISA blood test, and chest x-ray are not affected by these allergies.

Question 45

Which vaccine is most sensitive to heat?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Oral polio vaccine is the most heat-sensitive vaccine and requires strict cold-chain handling; BCG is mainly light-sensitive.

Question 46

At what age is the MMR vaccine typically given?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The first dose of MMR is recommended at 12–15 months; among the choices, 15 months is correct. Earlier ages risk interference from maternal antibodies, and 2 years is later than recommended.

Question 47

A 2-month-old infant has just received her first Tetramune injection. The nurse should tell the mother that the immunization?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tetramune is a combination vaccine (DTaP-Hib). At 2 months it begins a series of doses that protect against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. It is not a diagnostic test (B), not a one-time MMRV dose (D), and focusing only on a 4-year repeat (A) ignores the series starting in infancy.

Question 48

The home health nurse is visiting a client who plans to deliver her baby at home. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding regarding screening for phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: PKU screening is done after adequate protein feeding at 48–72 hours of life; not from cord blood, not within 24 hours, and certainly not delayed until immunizations.

Question 49

At what age is the MMR vaccine given?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The first MMR dose is recommended at 12–15 months; among the options, 15 months is correct. Nine months is earlier than routine MMR and 2 years is later than recommended.

Question 50

Which system is used to help the storage and transportation of vaccines at low temperature?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cold chain is the integrated system of equipment and procedures that maintains vaccines at required low temperatures during storage and transport; a cold box or refrigerator are individual devices, not the system.

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