Question 1

A client with Crohn's disease requires TPN to provide adequate nutrition. The nurse finds the TPN bag empty. Which fluid would the nurse select to hang until another bag is prepared in the pharmacy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: If TPN is interrupted, infuse a dextrose solution to prevent rebound hypoglycemia; D10W provides needed glucose. NS, LR, or Normosol R lack dextrose.

Question 2

A client with esophageal cancer is to receive total parenteral nutrition. A right subclavian catheter is inserted. What should the nurse consider is the primary reason why the health care provider ordered a central line?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: TPN solutions are highly hypertonic and irritating; a central line places the tip in the high-flow central circulation (e.g., SVC) where the large blood volume rapidly dilutes the concentrated solution, reducing vein irritation and thrombosis.

Question 3

After discontinuation of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) which intravenous fluid should the nurse expect to be prescribed for the client?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Abrupt cessation of TPN can cause rebound hypoglycemia; infusing D10W provides dextrose to prevent this, whereas saline solutions do not provide glucose.

Question 4

What is the appropriate nursing action when a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has a fingerstick glucose reading of 425 mg/dL (24.28 mmol/L)?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A glucose of 425 mg/dL indicates severe hyperglycemia related to TPN. The nurse should not stop or change the TPN rate and cannot administer insulin without a prescription. The safest action is to notify the provider for orders to adjust insulin/TPN.

Question 5

A nurse is preparing to hang the initial bag of the parenteral nutrition (PN) solution via the central line of a malnourished client. The nurse ensure the availability of which medical equipment before hanging the solution?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: PN must be administered with precise, controlled flow using an infusion pump (often with an in-line filter) to prevent complications from rapid changes in rate. Therefore, ensuring an infusion pump is available is essential before hanging PN.

Question 6

A client discharged to home on parenteral nutrition (PN) should have which parameters most closely monitored during home care visits?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Home PN requires close monitoring for catheter-related infection (fever) and for nutritional/fluid status (weight).

Question 7

A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). What complication is associated with the administration of TPN?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: TPN requires a central venous catheter and the hypertonic, high-glucose solution increases infection risk; catheter-related bloodstream infection is a major complication. Hypernatremia and respiratory alkalosis are not typical, and hypoglycemia is associated with abrupt discontinuation, not routine administration.

Question 8

The nurse is infusing total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The primary purpose for closely monitoring the client's intake and output is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: TPN provides large volumes and osmolar loads; strict I&O monitoring is essential to prevent and promptly manage fluid overload, a key complication of TPN.

Question 9

When administering total parenteral nutrition, the nurse should assess the client for signs of rebound hypoglycemia. The nurse knows that rebound hypoglycemia occurs when?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Abrupt cessation of TPN causes continued endogenous insulin release while dextrose supply stops, leading to rebound hypoglycemia; therefore TPN must be tapered before discontinuation.

Question 10

A client with pancreatic cancer has an infusion of TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition). The doctor has ordered for sliding-scale insulin. The most likely explanation for this order is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: TPN contains high concentrations of dextrose, which commonly raises serum glucose; sliding-scale insulin is ordered to manage this hyperglycemia. Other options do not explain the rationale.

Question 11

The client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which lab test should be evaluated while the client is receiving TPN?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: TPN solutions are high in dextrose; frequent monitoring of blood glucose is essential to detect and manage hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia during therapy.

Question 12

A one year-old child is receiving temporary total parenteral nutrition (TPN) through a central venous line. This is the first day of TPN therapy. Although all of the following nursing actions must be included in the plan of care of this child, which one would be a PRIORITY at this time?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Early in TPN therapy the high dextrose load can cause hyperglycemia, so the immediate priority is to monitor blood glucose. The other actions are important but not as urgent on day one.

Question 13

The nurse is administering the initial total parenteral nutrition solution to a client. Which of the following assessments require the nurse's IMMEDIATE attention?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: TPN contains high dextrose; a glucose of 350 mg/dL indicates significant hyperglycemia requiring immediate intervention. The other findings are not urgent: 37.5 C is near-normal, urine output 300 mL/4 hr is adequate, and poor skin turgor is not an acute threat.

Question 14

The nurse is performing an assessment on a client who is cachectic and has developed an enterocutaneous fistula following surgery to relieve a small bowel obstruction. The client's total protein level is reported as 4.5. Which of the following would the nurse anticipate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Severe malnutrition/poor absorption is evidenced by cachexia and low total protein (4.5). With an enterocutaneous fistula and impaired gut function, the nurse should anticipate initiating TPN to provide nutrition and maintain positive nitrogen balance.

Question 15

A 69-year-old woman has been receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for several weeks. If the TPN were abruptly discontinued, the nurse would expect the patient to exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Abrupt discontinuation of TPN can cause rebound hypoglycemia due to persistent high insulin levels. Hypoglycemia presents with diaphoresis, confusion, and tachycardia.

Question 16

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (hyperalimentation and lipids). What is the PRIORITY nursing action on every eight hour shift?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: TPN contains high dextrose and protein, posing risk for hyperglycemia, ketonuria, and dehydration. Monitoring urine glucose, ketones (acetone), and specific gravity at least every 8 hours assesses tolerance and fluid balance, making it the priority action.

Question 17

A nurse is preparing to hang a fat emulsion (lipids) and observes some visible fat globules at the top of the solution. The nurse ensure to do which of the following actions?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Visible fat globules indicate emulsion instability (creaming/cracking) and risk for fat emboli if infused. Unstable lipid emulsions should be discarded and a new container obtained. Warming, rolling, or vigorous shaking are inappropriate; they do not reliably re-stabilize the emulsion and shaking can damage it further.

Question 18

A nurse is caring for a newborn diagnosed with TEF and esophageal atresia. Which feeding method is appropriate preoperatively?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, the esophagus is not continuous and oral or gavage feeds can pool in the blind pouch and be aspirated through the fistula into the airway. Therefore, enteral feeding (breastfeeding, oral expressed milk, or NG gavage) is contraindicated preoperatively due to high aspiration risk. Preoperative nutrition and hydration are provided parenterally until surgical repair, making TPN the safest appropriate method.

Question 19

Which lab test should be evaluated while the client is receiving TPN?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blood glucose. TPN delivers a high dextrose load, which commonly causes hyperglycemia, especially in critically ill or insulin-resistant patients. Frequent monitoring of blood glucose is essential to guide insulin therapy and prevent complications such as osmotic diuresis, dehydration, and infection risk related to poor glycemic control. While creatinine and WBC may be monitored for other reasons, glucose is the key lab for ongoing TPN management.

Question 20

A nurse is preparing to hang a fat emulsion (lipids) and observes some visible fat globules at the top of the solution. The nurse ensure to do which of the following actions?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Take another bottle of solution. Visible fat globules indicate lipid emulsion instability (creaming/coalescence) and possible “cracked” emulsion, which can increase risk of fat emboli and unsafe infusion. A compromised lipid emulsion should be considered contaminated or improperly mixed and should not be administered; the safest action is to obtain a new bottle. Shaking vigorously can worsen emulsion breakdown, and warming/rolling is not an appropriate corrective action when separation is visible.

Question 21

Scenario : A patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) suddenly runs out of TPN solution. Q. what is the immediate nursing action?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: TPN is highly concentrated in dextrose, and abrupt interruption can cause rebound hypoglycemia because endogenous insulin levels may remain elevated. The safest immediate action is to maintain a dextrose infusion (commonly D10W) at a similar rate until replacement TPN is available. Starting 0.45% NS does not provide glucose and does not prevent hypoglycemia. Disconnecting the line or flushing with heparin addresses neither the metabolic risk nor the need to maintain continuous infusion therapy.

Question 22

A client is receiving nutrition by means of parenteral nutrition (PN). A nurse monitors the client for complications of the therapy and assesses the client for what signs of hyperglycemia?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The resulting fluid loss leads to dehydration and compensatory polydipsia, and patients often report generalized weakness from cellular dehydration and impaired glucose utilization. PN solutions are dextrose-rich, so elevated blood glucose is a common complication that nurses monitor for. A common distractor is sweating/chills, which more strongly suggests hypoglycemia or infection rather than the classic polyuria-polydipsia pattern of hyperglycemia.

Question 23

The nurse notes the discontinuation of a prescription for total parenteral nutrition (TPN), which a client has been receiving for 2 weeks. Which type of intravenous fluid does the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Abruptly stopping TPN can precipitate rebound hypoglycemia because the patient has been receiving a continuous high dextrose load that drives endogenous insulin release. A dextrose-containing IV (commonly D10W) is used when tapering or immediately after discontinuation to maintain serum glucose while insulin levels normalize. Isotonic or hypotonic saline solutions without dextrose do not address the acute risk of hypoglycemia. Ringer lactate also lacks sufficient glucose and is not used for this specific complication prevention.

Question 24

Trace elements are found in total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which is a trace element found in TPN?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Trace elements are micronutrients required in very small amounts and are routinely included in TPN formulations (e.g., zinc, copper, selenium, chromium, manganese; iodine may be included depending on formulation and additives). Electrolytes like sodium and potassium and minerals like magnesium are macronutrients provided in much larger amounts and are not classified as trace elements. The question is testing differentiation between electrolyte/mineral components versus trace micronutrients in parenteral nutrition. Selecting the micronutrient option aligns with standard TPN composition teaching.

Question 25

In which client is partial parenteral nutrition (PPN) most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mesenteric occlusion leads to intestinal ischemia, making enteral nutrition unsafe or impossible. In such cases, parenteral nutrition (including PPN if appropriate) is indicated to meet nutritional needs. In contrast, chronic renal failure is not an absolute contraindication to PPN; it requires careful monitoring and formula adjustment rather than avoidance.

Question 26

Lipid emulsions are part of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and partial parenteral nutrition (PPN). What do lipid emulsions supply?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lipid emulsions in parenteral nutrition are formulated to provide essential fatty acids and a concentrated source of calories as fat. In TPN/PPN, dextrose supplies carbohydrates and amino acid solutions supply protein, while electrolytes are added separately based on labs and clinical status. Therefore, the component specifically described as a lipid emulsion supplies fats. This is clinically important because adequate lipid provision helps prevent essential fatty acid deficiency and supports energy needs without excessive glucose load.

Question 27

The nurse is caring for a burn client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) at 75 ml/hour. The nurse is most concerned when the client experiences which symptom?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Glycosuria is an early, objective sign of uncontrolled serum glucose during TPN and warrants prompt capillary glucose assessment and possible insulin adjustment. In contrast, absent bowel sounds or abdominal cramping are less concerning in a client receiving nutrition intravenously because GI stimulation is minimal and bowel patterns can be altered for many noncritical reasons. Pain is expected in burn injury and does not specifically indicate a dangerous TPN-related complication.

Question 28

A home health client receives total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and complains of weakness, nausea, intermittent vomiting, and malaise. Which laboratory value should the nurse most likely expect to see?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: TPN delivers a high dextrose load, which commonly causes hyperglycemia when insulin response is insufficient or infusion is excessive. When serum glucose exceeds the renal threshold, glucose spills into the urine, producing glucosuria, and patients may report nonspecific symptoms such as malaise, weakness, nausea, and vomiting. This is a classic, testable complication of TPN requiring glucose monitoring and possible insulin adjustment. Ketones are more associated with insulin deficiency/starvation states rather than receiving continuous high-carbohydrate infusion, making them less likely here.

Question 29

The client’s infusion pump delivering TPN malfunctions, and the nurse determines that, based on the amount of solution left in the TPN bag, the client did not receive any TPN for the last 6 hours. The nurse should monitor the client for which immediate complication?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: After 6 hours without infusion, the most immediate risk is symptomatic hypoglycemia (e.g., diaphoresis, tremor, confusion, tachycardia). Hyperglycemia is more typical during infusion or with excessive dextrose administration rather than sudden cessation. Air embolism is a line-related complication but is not the expected immediate consequence of a pump stoppage with no infusion running.

Question 30

Lipid emulsions for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and partial parenteral nutrition (PPN) originate from different fat products. Which is a true statement regarding lipid emulsions?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Knowledge of TPN/PPN lipid emulsion formulations is important because lipid source affects essential fatty acid content and the risk of hypersensitivity reactions (notably to soy/egg components used in many emulsions). Liposyn II is specifically formulated as a blended oil emulsion containing both safflower and soybean oils, making it the accurate statement among the choices. In contrast, Intralipid is classically associated with soybean oil rather than safflower oil, so stating it originates from safflower oil is incorrect. Interlipid is not the standard product name used for the common soybean-based emulsion in this context, making that option unreliable compared with the clearly defined Liposyn II formulation.

Question 31

The nurse completed teaching for the client who will be receiving TPN at home. Which client statement indicates that further teaching is needed?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: " TPN requires strict aseptic technique because any contamination of the central line hub can rapidly lead to catheter-related bloodstream infection. Removing the catheter cap and connecting tubing should be done using proper hand hygiene and sterile/antiseptic hub scrubbing, not simply by sitting at a table, which implies a non-sterile environment and inadequate infection-control steps. Home infusion teaching emphasizes protecting the line from exposure and maintaining a clean, designated work area with the required supplies and technique. The other statements reflect appropriate preparation for storage, safety, and practical setup for infusion at home.

Question 32

A client who receives total parental nutrition (TPN) has an increase in urinary output. The client's pulse is 130 beats/minute and blood pressure is 98/50 mm Hg. The client's mucous membranes are dry. Which circumstance is most likely responsible for the client's symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Rapid TPN infusion delivers a high glucose load that can precipitate hyperglycemia, leading to osmotic diuresis with increased urine output. The resulting intravascular volume depletion produces tachycardia, hypotension, and dry mucous membranes consistent with dehydration. A common safety principle with TPN is that the rate must be controlled and not “caught up” after interruptions to avoid metabolic complications and fluid shifts. Excess insulin would be more likely to cause hypoglycemia with diaphoresis and neuroglycopenic symptoms rather than polyuria and dehydration.

Question 33

The new nurse is initiating TPN for four hospitalized pediatric clients. The experienced nurse should intervene when observing the new nurse attach the TPN infusion tubing to which IV line?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A peripheral hand IV is inappropriate for TPN because small peripheral veins cannot tolerate the solution’s concentration and require frequent site changes, increasing interruption risk. Central sites such as subclavian lines and PICCs terminate in a large central vein where rapid blood flow dilutes the solution and reduces local vein irritation. The safe nursing action is to stop and clarify/obtain appropriate central access before initiating the infusion.

Question 34

A physician writes an order for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to be discontinued for a client who has been receiving it for one month. The nurse knows which statement is true regarding this order?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Abrupt cessation of a hypertonic dextrose infusion can precipitate rebound hypoglycemia because endogenous insulin levels may remain elevated after the glucose source is stopped. Tapering the infusion rate allows the patient’s insulin response and serum glucose to adjust more safely and reduces the risk of symptomatic hypoglycemia. This is a key nursing safety action when discontinuing long-term TPN and is commonly paired with point-of-care glucose monitoring. The hyperglycemia concern is a common distractor; the more immediate risk with sudden discontinuation is hypoglycemia rather than hyperglycemia.

Question 35

The nurse making rounds prior to shift change realizes that the total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on one client is behind by about 200 mL. Which action should the nurse take?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: TPN is a high-alert parenteral therapy where abrupt rate changes can cause dangerous glucose shifts and fluid/electrolyte complications. When a bag is behind, the safe approach is to maintain the prescribed infusion rate and escalate for orders rather than “making up” the volume. Catch-up boluses or rapid increases can precipitate hyperglycemia (and osmotic diuresis) or volume overload, while slowing the rate risks inadequate nutrition and rebound hypoglycemia if interrupted. Notifying the provider supports safe adjustment of the plan and documentation of the variance.

Question 36

An experienced nurse is observing a new nurse teaching the client about TPN. Which statement indicates that the new nurse needs additional orientation regarding the administration of TPN?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  TPN is parenteral nutrition delivered intravenously, typically through a central venous access device due to its high osmolarity. A gastrostomy tube delivers enteral feedings into the gastrointestinal tract, which is a different route with different indications, risks, and teaching points. The other statements accurately reflect key aspects of TPN: frequent glucose monitoring for hyperglycemia risk, use of an infusion pump for controlled delivery, and the comprehensive macronutrient/micronutrient content. Confusing TPN with enteral tube feeding suggests a fundamental knowledge gap requiring additional orientation for safe administration.

Question 37

The two blood vessels most commonly used for TPN infusion are the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Subclavian and internal jugular access provides reliable central venous placement with the catheter tip near the superior vena cava for high-volume dilution. Peripheral sites such as the brachial vein are more appropriate for peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) with lower osmolarity solutions. Femoral central access is generally less preferred for routine TPN because of higher infection and thrombosis risk compared with upper-body central sites.

Question 38

A nurse is making initial rounds at the beginning of the shift and notes that the parenteral nutrition (PN) bag of an assigned client is empty. Which of the following solutions readily available on the nursing unit should the nurse hang until another PN solution is mixed and delivered to the nursing unit?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The safest immediate bridge is to infuse dextrose at a concentration closer to PN’s glucose delivery to maintain serum glucose until the next bag arrives. D10W is the standard temporary substitute kept on units for this purpose, whereas D5 solutions may provide insufficient glucose and increase hypoglycemia risk. Electrolyte-containing dextrose solutions are not necessary for the short interval and can introduce unwanted electrolyte or fluid effects.

Question 39

Which of the following should be included in a plan of care for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: TPN is a high-glucose, nutrient-rich infusion administered via a central line, so strict aseptic handling and scheduled bag/tubing changes are essential to reduce bloodstream infection risk. Replacing the prepared TPN solution on a 24-hour schedule helps prevent microbial growth and limits hang-time exposure. Medications generally should not be routinely withheld; instead, TPN should have a dedicated lumen and compatibility rules followed to avoid precipitation/contamination. The line is flushed with sterile normal saline per protocol (not water), and bed rest is not required unless dictated by another condition.

Question 40

The nurse is careful to ensure that a client’s total parenteral nutrition (TPN) infusion is discontinued gradually. What complication should the nurse be aware of that this measure will prevent?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gradual tapering allows insulin levels to downshift and hepatic glucose output to compensate, reducing risk of symptomatic hypoglycemia (e.g., diaphoresis, tremor, altered mental status). Refeeding syndrome is primarily triggered when nutrition is initiated after prolonged starvation, not when TPN is weaned. Hypovolemia and hyponatremia are not the key immediate physiologic rebound problem addressed by tapering the dextrose-containing infusion.

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A client with Crohn's disease requires TPN to provide adequate nutrition. The nurse finds the TPN bag empty. Which fluid would the nurse select to hang until another bag is prepared in the pharmacy?

A client with esophageal cancer is to receive total parenteral nutrition. A right subclavian catheter is inserted. What should the nurse consider is the primary reason why the health care provider ordered a central line?

After discontinuation of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) which intravenous fluid should the nurse expect to be prescribed for the client?

What is the appropriate nursing action when a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has a fingerstick glucose reading of 425 mg/dL (24.28 mmol/L)?

A nurse is preparing to hang the initial bag of the parenteral nutrition (PN) solution via the central line of a malnourished client. The nurse ensure the availability of which medical equipment before hanging the solution?

A client discharged to home on parenteral nutrition (PN) should have which parameters most closely monitored during home care visits?

A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). What complication is associated with the administration of TPN?

The nurse is infusing total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The primary purpose for closely monitoring the client's intake and output is?

When administering total parenteral nutrition, the nurse should assess the client for signs of rebound hypoglycemia. The nurse knows that rebound hypoglycemia occurs when?

A client with pancreatic cancer has an infusion of TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition). The doctor has ordered for sliding-scale insulin. The most likely explanation for this order is?

The client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which lab test should be evaluated while the client is receiving TPN?

A one year-old child is receiving temporary total parenteral nutrition (TPN) through a central venous line. This is the first day of TPN therapy. Although all of the following nursing actions must be included in the plan of care of this child, which one would be a PRIORITY at this time?

The nurse is administering the initial total parenteral nutrition solution to a client. Which of the following assessments require the nurse's IMMEDIATE attention?

The nurse is performing an assessment on a client who is cachectic and has developed an enterocutaneous fistula following surgery to relieve a small bowel obstruction. The client's total protein level is reported as 4.5. Which of the following would the nurse anticipate?

A 69-year-old woman has been receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for several weeks. If the TPN were abruptly discontinued, the nurse would expect the patient to exhibit?

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (hyperalimentation and lipids). What is the PRIORITY nursing action on every eight hour shift?

A nurse is preparing to hang a fat emulsion (lipids) and observes some visible fat globules at the top of the solution. The nurse ensure to do which of the following actions?

A nurse is caring for a newborn diagnosed with TEF and esophageal atresia. Which feeding method is appropriate preoperatively?

Which lab test should be evaluated while the client is receiving TPN?

A nurse is preparing to hang a fat emulsion (lipids) and observes some visible fat globules at the top of the solution. The nurse ensure to do which of the following actions?

Scenario : A patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) suddenly runs out of TPN solution. Q. what is the immediate nursing action?

A client is receiving nutrition by means of parenteral nutrition (PN). A nurse monitors the client for complications of the therapy and assesses the client for what signs of hyperglycemia?

The nurse notes the discontinuation of a prescription for total parenteral nutrition (TPN), which a client has been receiving for 2 weeks. Which type of intravenous fluid does the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client?

Trace elements are found in total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which is a trace element found in TPN?

In which client is partial parenteral nutrition (PPN) most appropriate?

Lipid emulsions are part of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and partial parenteral nutrition (PPN). What do lipid emulsions supply?

The nurse is caring for a burn client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) at 75 ml/hour. The nurse is most concerned when the client experiences which symptom?

A home health client receives total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and complains of weakness, nausea, intermittent vomiting, and malaise. Which laboratory value should the nurse most likely expect to see?

The client’s infusion pump delivering TPN malfunctions, and the nurse determines that, based on the amount of solution left in the TPN bag, the client did not receive any TPN for the last 6 hours. The nurse should monitor the client for which immediate complication?

Lipid emulsions for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and partial parenteral nutrition (PPN) originate from different fat products. Which is a true statement regarding lipid emulsions?

The nurse completed teaching for the client who will be receiving TPN at home. Which client statement indicates that further teaching is needed?

A client who receives total parental nutrition (TPN) has an increase in urinary output. The client's pulse is 130 beats/minute and blood pressure is 98/50 mm Hg. The client's mucous membranes are dry. Which circumstance is most likely responsible for the client's symptoms?

The new nurse is initiating TPN for four hospitalized pediatric clients. The experienced nurse should intervene when observing the new nurse attach the TPN infusion tubing to which IV line?

A physician writes an order for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to be discontinued for a client who has been receiving it for one month. The nurse knows which statement is true regarding this order?

The nurse making rounds prior to shift change realizes that the total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on one client is behind by about 200 mL. Which action should the nurse take?

An experienced nurse is observing a new nurse teaching the client about TPN. Which statement indicates that the new nurse needs additional orientation regarding the administration of TPN?

The two blood vessels most commonly used for TPN infusion are the?

Which of the following should be included in a plan of care for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?

The nurse is careful to ensure that a client’s total parenteral nutrition (TPN) infusion is discontinued gradually. What complication should the nurse be aware of that this measure will prevent?

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