Question 1

What is the life span of sperm for fertilization in the vagina?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Sperm remain viable for fertilization in the female reproductive tract for about 72 hours (approximately 3 days), making 72 hours the best answer among the options.

Question 2

What is the formation of swelling due to stagnation of fluid in the layers of the scalp beneath the girdle of contact called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Caput succedaneum is edema of the newborn scalp from pressure of the cervix/vaginal wall (girdle of contact), causing fluid accumulation in the scalp tissues that can cross suture lines.

Question 3

What is the entire transitional phase between sexual maturity and menopause called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Climacteric refers to the entire transitional period of declining reproductive function leading up to menopause; the other options denote specific events (menarche, puberty onset, thelarche).

Question 4

Early pregnancy in humans is maintained by which structure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In early pregnancy, hCG from the trophoblast maintains the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to sustain the endometrium until the placenta assumes this role. Placenta takes over later; breast secretions and Graffian follicles do not maintain pregnancy.

Question 5

What is the term for the transfer of sperms into the female genital tract?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Insemination is the deposition/transfer of sperm into the female genital tract. Gametogenesis is gamete formation, fertilization is fusion of gametes, and gestation is pregnancy.

Question 6

Which hormone stimulates oocyte maturation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The preovulatory LH surge triggers resumption of meiosis and final maturation of the oocyte; FSH mainly promotes follicular growth, while GnRH/LHRF are hypothalamic releasing hormones.

Question 7

What is the term for the permanent cessation of menstruation at the end of reproductive life?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation marking the end of reproductive life. Menarche is the first menses, thelarche is breast development, and precocious puberty is early onset of puberty.

Question 8

What is a genitourinary clinical manifestation of estrogen deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Estrogen maintains the vaginal and urethral epithelium. Deficiency leads to thinning and dryness causing atrophic vaginitis. Hot flushes are vasomotor, not genitourinary; a dilated cervix is not typical; UTIs may be more frequent but are not the primary GU manifestation.

Question 9

What is the most common site for implantation in ectopic pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Approximately 90–95% of ectopic pregnancies implant in the fallopian tube, most commonly the ampulla.

Question 10

DNA is present in which part of the sperm?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The genetic material is contained in the nucleus located in the sperm head; the midpiece has mitochondria and the tail provides motility.

Question 11

The ovarian cycle is initiated by which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: FSH from the anterior pituitary stimulates follicular development at the start of the ovarian (follicular) phase. Progesterone and estrogen are primarily ovarian hormones, and endorphins are unrelated.

Question 12

What is the strongest ligament in the female pelvis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The transverse cervical (cardinal/Mackenrodt) ligament is the strongest support of the uterus and cervix, anchoring them to the lateral pelvic wall.

Question 13

What is the procedure called for the removal and ligation of the fallopian tube?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tubectomy is female sterilization involving ligation and resection of a segment of the fallopian tube. Vasectomy is male sterilization, and oophorectomy removes the ovary. The misspelled 'Salphenctomy' refers to salpingectomy (removal only).

Question 14

When does maximum cardiac output occur during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Maternal cardiac output rises early in pregnancy and peaks around the late second to early third trimester, approximately 28–32 weeks, then plateaus or slightly declines toward term.

Question 15

How many stages are there in pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters; therefore, there are 3 stages.

Question 16

What is the term for the head of the penis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The anatomical term for the head of the penis is the glans (glans penis); the other options refer to processes or substances.

Question 17

The Spiegelberg criteria is related to which of the following body parts?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Spiegelberg criteria define ovarian ectopic pregnancy (e.g., intact tube, sac in ovary, connection via ovarian ligament, ovarian tissue in sac wall), so it pertains to the ovaries.

Question 18

What is the shortest diameter in the fetal head?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Among the listed fetal head diameters, the bitemporal diameter is the smallest (~8 cm), whereas biparietal (~9.5 cm), suboccipito-frontal (~10–10.5 cm), and occipito-frontal (~11.5 cm) are larger.

Question 19

What is the name of the small swelling on a baby's head during vacuum delivery?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In vacuum-assisted delivery, the suction cup creates a temporary localized edema on the presenting scalp called a chignon. Caput succedaneum is pressure-related edema from labor, and cephalohematoma is a subperiosteal bleed; neither specifically refers to the vacuum-induced swelling.

Question 20

How many stages does pregnancy have?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters.

Question 21

What is the typical diameter of the ovum at 12 weeks of gestation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At 12 weeks the gestational sac (ovum) typically measures about 7–8 cm in diameter; the standard value is 7.5 cm.

Question 22

Which condition is characterized by whitish vaginal discharge?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vulvovaginal candidiasis typically presents with thick, white, ‘cottage cheese’ discharge. Trichomoniasis causes frothy yellow‑green discharge, gonorrhea a purulent yellow discharge, and syphilis presents with chancres rather than characteristic vaginal discharge.

Question 23

What is the term for failure to conceive after 3 years of unprotected sex?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Inability to conceive after a time period of regular unprotected intercourse is termed infertility; sterility implies absolute inability to conceive, not just time-based failure.

Question 24

A client with testicular cancer is scheduled for a right orchiectomy. The nurse knows that an orchiectomy is the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An orchiectomy is the surgical removal of one or both testicles; it is not removal of the scrotum, lymph node dissection, or partial penectomy.

Question 25

What is the normal position of the uterus before 8 weeks of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The normal uterus is anteverted and anteflexed in early pregnancy; among the choices, anteverted is the correct position.

Question 26

What is the process called that changes spermatids into spermatozoa?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Spermiogenesis is the maturation of spermatids into spermatozoa. Spermatogenesis is the entire process of sperm formation, while meiosis and mitosis are cell division processes.

Question 27

What is the most common type of genitourinary fistula?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vesicovaginal fistula, a communication between the bladder and vagina, is the most common genitourinary fistula, typically following obstetric or gynecologic injury.

Question 28

What is the term for a pregnancy where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An ectopic pregnancy is defined as implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity. Cephalic refers to head-first presentation; Non-pregnancy is not a diagnosis; Breach/breech refers to buttocks-first presentation.

Question 29

What is the color of semen due to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Semen’s characteristic pale yellow color and fluorescence are due to flavin pigments (from seminal vesicle secretions), not bilirubin, hemoglobin, or cytochromes.

Question 30

Which condition causes the maximum mortality in pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cardiac disease is the leading indirect cause of maternal mortality; pregnancy increases cardiovascular workload, making preexisting or pregnancy-related cardiac conditions most lethal compared with diabetes, thyroid disease, or rare hepatobiliary cancers.

Question 31

What is the name of a uterus with a depression at the fundus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An arcuate uterus is characterized by a mild concave indentation (depression) at the fundus of the uterine cavity; bicornuate and didelphys have more significant fundal separation, and a septate uterus has an internal septum without an external fundal depression.

Question 32

What is the inflammation of the glans penis called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Balanitis specifically denotes inflammation of the glans penis. Posthitis is inflammation of the foreskin, paraphimosis is a trapped retracted foreskin, and cryptorchidism is undescended testis.

Question 33

Where is the uterine pacemaker situated?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pacemaker focus for uterine contractions lies near the uterotubal junction in the fundal cornua, initiating waves that spread from fundus to cervix.

Question 34

What is the site of sperm maturation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Sperm gain motility and complete maturation while passing through the epididymis; the ductus deferens transports sperm, the spermatic cord is a containing structure, and the urethra is a conduit for ejaculation.

Question 35

Which is the smallest cell in a male?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The human spermatozoon is the smallest male cell; the ovum is a large female gamete and neuroglia are larger support cells of the nervous system.

Question 36

What is the process of maturation of sperm called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm cells are produced and mature in the seminiferous tubules. Oogenesis/ovogenesis refer to ova formation; orthogenesis is unrelated.

Question 37

Which condition is characterized by a 'bag of worms' feel in the testis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A varicocele is a dilation of the pampiniform plexus of veins in the scrotum, producing a characteristic 'bag of worms' feel on palpation.

Question 38

What is the normal pH of semen?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Semen is normally slightly alkaline (approximately pH 7.2–8.0) to help protect sperm in the acidic vaginal environment.

Question 39

What is the term for the absence of sperm in the ejaculate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Azoospermia is defined as no sperm in the semen. Aspermia is absence of semen, asthenospermia is reduced sperm motility, and teratozoospermia is abnormal sperm morphology.

Question 40

What does necrospermia refer to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Necrospermia denotes a high proportion of nonviable (dead) spermatozoa in semen. Absence is azoospermia, immotile is asthenozoospermia, and low count is oligozoospermia.

Question 41

During ovulation, the basal body temperature does what?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Basal body temperature rises slightly around/after ovulation due to progesterone’s thermogenic effect.

Question 42

What is the thickest layer of the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The myometrium, the middle smooth muscle layer of the uterine wall, is the thickest layer.

Question 43

Where does fertilization of the ovum in the female reproductive system take place?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube (oviduct), not in the vagina, uterus, or cervix.

Question 44

What is the largest cell in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The human ovum is the largest cell, about 100–120 micrometers in diameter, visible to the naked eye; osteocytes, glial cells, and myelin-forming cells are much smaller.

Question 45

What is the most common cause of bleeding at term?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Placenta praevia is the most common cause of painless third‑trimester (term) bleeding, whereas abruption typically presents with pain and is less common.

Question 46

Into which part of the urethra does the ejaculatory duct open?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The ejaculatory ducts open into the prostatic urethra on the seminal colliculus (verumontanum).

Question 47

In male individuals, testosterone is normally produced by which cells?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Leydig (interstitial) cells in the testes synthesize testosterone in response to LH. Sertoli cells aid spermatogenesis, and the vas deferens and epididymis are ducts for transport/maturation, not hormone production.

Question 48

What is the normal range for a regular fetal heartbeat?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Normal baseline fetal heart rate is approximately 110–160 beats per minute; among the options, 120–160 regular best reflects the expected normal range.

Question 49

What is the most commonly performed test for assessing the adequacy of sperm?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Semen analysis commonly uses sperm concentration (sperm count) as the primary and most routine measure of sperm adequacy.

Question 50

What is the time duration for maturation of spermatogonia to mature spermatozoa?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Human spermatogenesis from spermatogonia to spermatozoa takes about two months (≈64 days); among the choices, 61 days is the closest and best answer.

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