Question 1

Which phase involves the ovarian follicle cells being stimulated by luteinizing hormone to develop the corpus luteum and produce progesterone and estrogen?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: During the secretory phase, luteinizing hormone stimulates the ruptured follicle to form the corpus luteum, which then secretes large amounts of progesterone and some estrogen to prepare the endometrium for possible implantation. This hormone pattern matches the process described in the question.

Question 2

Which word refers to painful menstruation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: "Dysmenorrhea" specifically refers to painful menstruation characterized by cramping, pelvic pain, and discomfort during menstrual flow. The prefix dys- means difficult or painful, and -menorrhea refers to menstruation, making it the only term that directly describes painful periods.

Question 3

What hormone does the corpus luteum primarily produce?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The corpus luteum primarily produces progesterone, which stabilizes the endometrium, supports implantation, and maintains early pregnancy after ovulation.

Question 4

The narrow part of the uterine tube is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The isthmus is the narrow segment of the uterine (fallopian) tube between the ampulla and the uterine (intramural) part. The ampulla is the widest part; the infundibulum has fimbriae.

Question 5

The female external genitalia are consists of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The external genitalia (vulva) include structures such as the labia majora and hymen, whereas the vagina is an internal organ. Therefore, both A and C are correct

Question 6

The erectile tissue are part of female ganitalia organ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The clitoris is composed of erectile tissue (homologous to the penis). Labia minora and hymen do not contain erectile tissue.

Question 7

The pelvis in which childbirth is difficult?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Android (male-type) pelvis has a heart-shaped inlet, convergent sidewalls, and a narrow midpelvis/outlet, predisposing to arrest and obstructed labor. Gynaecoid is most favorable; anthropoid is often adequate; platypelloid can be unfavorable but android is classically the most difficult.

Question 8

Rectouterine pouch is also known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The rectouterine pouch is the peritoneal recess between the uterus and rectum, commonly called the pouch of Douglas. The vesicouterine pouch lies between bladder and uterus; the other terms are not standard.

Question 9

The part of the uterus that lies above the entrance of the uterine tubes called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The fundus is the dome-shaped superior portion of the uterus located above the openings of the uterine (Fallopian) tubes. The body is central, the cervix is the lower neck, and the vagina is a separate canal.

Question 10

The widest part of the uterine tube is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The ampulla is the longest and widest segment of the uterine (fallopian) tube; the infundibulum is funnel-shaped with fimbriae and the isthmus is narrow.

Question 11

What is the narrow part of the uterine tube?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The isthmus is the narrow, thick-walled medial segment of the uterine tube. The ampulla is the widest part; the infundibulum is funnel-shaped with fimbriae; and the interstitium is the intramural uterine portion.

Question 12

The cardinal function of the decidua is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The decidua's primary role is immunologic—modulating maternal immune tolerance to prevent rejection of the semi-allogeneic fetus. It has other functions, but immunity is the cardinal one.

Question 13

What is the definition of cryptorchidism in males?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cryptorchidism is the condition of undescended testis or testes, in which one or both fail to descend into the scrotum.

Question 14

A 48-year-old woman presents with a year-long history of low pelvic pain. Which of the following is the least likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Year-long pelvic pain suggests chronic conditions (e.g., interstitial cystitis, adenomyosis, gastrointestinal or musculoskeletal causes). Ectopic pregnancy causes acute pain related to early pregnancy and would not persist for a year, particularly in a 48-year-old.

Question 15

A full-term male has hypospadias. Which statement describes hypospadias?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly in which the urethral meatus is located on the ventral (underside) surface of the penis; a dorsal opening describes epispadias.

Question 16

What is the WHO criterion for the minimum sperm count in normal semen?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The WHO's lower reference limit for sperm concentration is 15 million per milliliter, so the minimum count considered normal is 15 million.

Question 17

Dilation and varicosity of the network of veins supplying the testicles are known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A varicocele is the dilation and tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus veins draining the testis.

Question 18

Which of the following movements occurs throughout the mechanism of labor?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Among the cardinal movements of labor, the descent of the presenting part progresses continuously throughout labor, whereas internal and external rotation and restitution occur at specific points around the delivery of the head.

Question 19

The innermost layer of the uterus is __?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The endometrium is the innermost mucosal lining of the uterus; the myometrium is the middle muscular layer; the perimetrium is the outer serosal layer; endocardium refers to the heart.

Question 20

What is the process called when the ripe female gamete is released from the ovary?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ovulation is the release of a mature ovum (female gamete) from the ovary. Parturition is childbirth, implantation is the embryo's attachment to the uterine lining, and fertilization is the union of sperm and egg.

Question 21

What is the normal size of the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Standard references describe the adult uterus as approximately 7.5 cm long, 5 cm wide, and about 1–2 cm thick; among the options, 7.5 x 5 x 1.25 cm matches this normal size.

Question 22

Menstruation may be disturbed by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Weight extremes, psychological stress, and excessive exercise can all disrupt the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis and lead to menstrual irregularities.

Question 23

The thickest layer of the uterus is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The myometrium is the thick, muscular middle layer of the uterus and is the thickest layer; the endometrium is the inner lining, and the perimetrium is the outer serosa.

Question 24

In rickets disease, the type of pelvis that may be at risk is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Rickets causes softening and deformity of bones, including the pelvis, leading to a narrowed or contracted pelvis, which raises obstetric risk. Therefore, the risk is a contracted pelvis.

Question 25

Where are the openings of Bartholin's ducts situated?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Bartholin glands are the greater vestibular glands; their ducts open into the vestibule of the vagina near the posterolateral introitus.

Question 26

Which of the following iatrogenic procedures can facilitate the ascent of microorganisms, predisposing a woman to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: PID is an infection of the upper female genital tract, most often associated with sexually transmitted pathogens such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. However, iatrogenic factors can also promote ascent of these organisms from the lower to the upper genital tract. Procedures that breach the cervical barrier—such as endometrial biopsy, uterine curettage, IUD insertion, and hysterosalpingography—allow vaginal flora or sexually transmitted organisms to enter the uterus and fallopian tubes, increasing the risk of PID.

Question 27

The most common cause of an LBW baby is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Low birth weight most commonly results from preterm birth; prematurity is the leading cause, compared with maternal conditions such as infection, anemia, or diabetes.

Question 28

During face presentation, the attitude of the head will be?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In a face presentation, the fetal head is hyperextended; the attitude is complete extension.

Question 29

It is useful to employ a diagnostic evaluation that segregates causes of amenorrhea into compartments. W/O Dalech has amenorrhea due to disorders of the anterior pituitary. W/O Dalech's problem is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Amenorrhea is classified into compartments: I — outflow tract/uterus, II — ovary, III — pituitary, IV — hypothalamus. Anterior pituitary disorders correspond to compartment III.

Question 30

Which of these is not a symptom of vaginal atrophy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause causes thinning of the vaginal walls, decreased lubrication, and urinary symptoms. The vaginal canal typically shortens and narrows rather than lengthens.

Question 31

From which structure does the corpus luteum develop?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: After ovulation, the ruptured mature (Graafian) follicle luteinizes to form the corpus luteum.

Question 32

The part of the uterus that lies above the entrance of the uterine tube is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The dome-shaped fundus is the portion of the uterus superior to the openings of the uterine (fallopian) tubes. Other options refer to different structures: the ampulla is part of the tube, the body is below the fundus, the cervix is the lower uterine segment, and the vagina is the canal.

Question 33

In men, which of the following structures is located at the neck of the bladder and surrounds the urethra?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The prostate sits just below the bladder neck and encircles the proximal urethra. Other structures do not surround the urethra.

Question 34

Acute mastitis commonly occurs during which period?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Acute mastitis most often develops in breastfeeding women due to nipple trauma and bacterial entry (commonly Staphylococcus aureus) during lactation.

Question 35

At what gestational age is the amniotic fluid volume at its maximum?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Amniotic fluid volume increases during mid-pregnancy, reaches its peak around 30–32 weeks, and then gradually declines toward term. Among the choices, 30 weeks best reflects the peak.

Question 36

What is the normal fetal weight at 36 weeks' gestation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At 36 weeks, the average fetal weight is about 2.5–2.7 kg; among the options, 2,500 g is the best estimate.

Question 37

In which phase of the endometrial cycle is a corkscrew-shaped endometrial gland seen?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The progesterone-driven late secretory phase produces highly tortuous, saw-tooth (corkscrew) endometrial glands; proliferative-phase glands are straight.

Question 38

Which of the following surrounds the testicles?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The scrotum is the cutaneous sac that encloses and supports the testicles. The penis, urethra, and sperm duct do not surround the testicles.

Question 39

Which of the following is present in a male with hypospadias?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In hypospadias, the urethral meatus opens on the ventral surface of the penis, so sperm production is normal, but semen may not be deposited near the cervix, reducing fertility.

Question 40

What are Braxton-Hicks contractions?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Braxton-Hicks are false labor contractions that involve the uterus during pregnancy.

Question 41

Preterm labour is defined as the spontaneous onset of painful, regular uterine contractions at any time prior to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Preterm labor is labor that begins before 37 completed weeks of gestation; therefore, contractions prior to the 37th week define preterm labor.

Question 42

Wife of Ayano has painful menses. This is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Painful menstruation is termed dysmenorrhea. Dysuria is painful urination; dyspareunia (misspelled as Dyspareunia) is painful intercourse, and dysphoric refers to a mood state.

Question 43

The outpouching of the testis is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The scrotum is the outpouching of the anterior abdominal wall that encloses and supports the testes.

Question 44

How many days after fertilization does implantation bleeding occur?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Implantation and any associated spotting typically occur about 6–10 days after fertilization, with 10 days being the commonly cited average.

Question 45

For up to how many weeks is the corpus luteum functionally active during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: hCG maintains the corpus luteum until placental progesterone production takes over around the end of the first trimester, approximately 10–12 weeks.

Question 46

What is the typical amount of blood loss in a single menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Normal menstrual blood loss averages about 30–40 mL, with a typical range of 20–80 mL; amounts above ~80 mL suggest menorrhagia.

Question 47

What is the normal corpus-to-cervix ratio of the uterus up to 10 years of age?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In prepubertal children, the cervix is larger than the uterine corpus, giving a corpus-to-cervix ratio of approximately 1:2.

Question 48

How many stages of labour are there?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Labour is commonly divided into four stages: dilation (first), delivery of the fetus (second), delivery of the placenta (third), and immediate postpartum recovery (fourth).

Question 49

When is oestriol first detectable during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Maternal estriol, produced by the fetoplacental unit, becomes measurable in early pregnancy and is first detectable at around 9 weeks (~2 months).

Question 50

What is the normal weight range of the uterus, in grams?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The nonpregnant uterus typically weighs around 50–70 grams in a nulliparous person, making option A the normal range; the other ranges are too high.

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