Question 1

LH surge occurs?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The LH surge precedes and triggers ovulation, typically 24–36 hours before it occurs. Among the choices, 24 hours before ovulation is the best answer.

Question 2

A high concentration of estrogen in blood?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Sustained high estradiol levels provide positive feedback on the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, triggering the LH surge that leads to ovulation. Estrogen does not stimulate lactation and deficiency—not excess—contributes to osteoporosis.

Question 3

Polyhydramnios is frequently observed in all of the following condition except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Polyhydramnios results from impaired fetal swallowing or proximal GI obstruction. Esophageal and duodenal atresia, and sometimes diaphragmatic hernia, reduce swallowing and cause excess fluid. Hirschsprung disease is a distal colonic problem postnatally and does not typically cause polyhydramnios.

Question 4

The ovarian cycle is initiated by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: FSH from the anterior pituitary initiates the follicular phase by stimulating growth of ovarian follicles; estrogen and progesterone are produced subsequently and endorphins are unrelated.

Question 5

Fern test is used to assess?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ferning of dried cervical mucus occurs under high estrogen levels at ovulation, so the fern test is used to assess ovulation.

Question 6

Which of following is normal position of uterus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The uterus is normally anteverted relative to the vagina and anteflexed over the bladder (AVAF).

Question 7

Gestational diabetes increases risk for the following, EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gestational diabetes typically develops after organogenesis, so it does not increase congenital malformations. It is associated with fetal macrosomia and higher risks of preterm delivery and stillbirth when poorly controlled.

Question 8

What is the leading cause of neonatal mortality in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In the United States, congenital anomalies are the most common cause of neonatal mortality, according to CDC and National Vital Statistics reports. These include structural and functional abnormalities that occur during fetal development and contribute to early neonatal deaths more frequently than prematurity-related complications or birth trauma.

Question 9

The Normal Duration Of Pregnancy is _______?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Normal human gestation is about 280 days (40 weeks) from the last menstrual period.

Question 10

Primary postpartum hemorrhage occurs within hours of delivery?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Primary postpartum hemorrhage is defined as bleeding within the first 24 hours after delivery; bleeding after 24 hours up to 6 weeks is secondary PPH.

Question 11

Cryptorchidism means-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cryptorchidism is failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum; crypto = hidden, orchis = testis.

Question 12

Transverse diameter of inlet of pelvis is about?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet—the widest distance between the linea terminalis in the female pelvis—averages about 13 cm.

Question 13

The inner most layer of uterus is _____?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The endometrium is the mucosal lining and innermost layer of the uterus; the myometrium is the muscular middle layer, the perimetrium is the outer serosal layer, and endocardium pertains to the heart.

Question 14

__________ is a procedure which is used to diagnose the presence of ruptured ectopic pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Culdocentesis involves needle aspiration through the posterior fornix into the pouch of Douglas to detect intraperitoneal blood, helping diagnose a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

Question 15

A disorder in which the penis maintains a prolonged, rigid erection in the absence of appropriate stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Priapism is defined as a prolonged, often painful erection not associated with sexual stimulation.

Question 16

The ratio between placenta weight and birth weight of the newborn is ...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At term, placental weight is about 500–600 g and newborn weight is ~3.0–3.5 kg, giving an approximate placenta-to-newborn ratio of 1:6.

Question 17

Failure to conceive for one year despite unprotected regular intercourse?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: By definition, infertility is failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse. Sterility is absolute inability to conceive; fecundity is the probability of achieving a live birth; subfertility implies reduced fertility but not the standard 12‑month diagnostic term.

Question 18

Male factor infertility?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Male infertility can arise from defective sperm production, obstruction of the outflow ducts, or abnormalities in seminal fluid; thus all listed factors are valid causes.

Question 19

The most common site of ectopic pregnancy is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Most ectopic pregnancies implant in the fallopian tube, especially the ampullary portion.

Question 20

The most common site of ectopic pregnancy in Fallopian tube is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Most tubal ectopic pregnancies implant in the ampullary portion of the fallopian tube (about two-thirds of cases).

Question 21

The widest part of uterine tube is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The fallopian tube is divided into infundibulum (with fimbriae), ampulla, isthmus, and intramural parts; the ampulla is the widest and longest segment.

Question 22

The out pouching of the testis is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The scrotum is the cutaneous outpouching of the anterior abdominal wall that contains the testes.

Question 23

Myometrium is the layer of .......?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The myometrium is the thick smooth muscle middle layer of the uterine wall.

Question 24

A pregnancy in which the fertilised egg implants outside the uterus is ........?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Implantation outside the uterine cavity defines an ectopic pregnancy, most commonly in a fallopian tube. Intrauterine pregnancy is normal implantation in the uterus.

Question 25

When fetus is in attitude of flexion, presentation is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: With complete flexion of the fetal head, the occiput leads, resulting in a vertex presentation. Brow and face occur with extension; cephalic is only a general category.

Question 26

Widest and Longest part of uterine tube?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The ampulla is the longest and widest segment of the fallopian tube; the intramural and isthmus are narrow, and fimbriae are the fringe at the infundibulum.

Question 27

Abnormal proliferation of uterine endometrial tissue outside uterus is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Endometriosis is the presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Menorrhagia is heavy menstrual bleeding, metrorrhagia is bleeding between periods, and cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive pulmonary/pancreatic disorder.

Question 28

Problems with the ______ separating from the uterus too soon is a cause of birth asphyxia?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Premature separation of the placenta (placental abruption) cuts off maternal-fetal gas exchange, leading to fetal hypoxia and potential birth asphyxia.

Question 29

The diagnostic and therapeutic procedure involves dilating the uterine cervix so that the lining tissue (endometrium) of the uterus can be removed by scraping or suction. It is a safe procedure that is done for a variety of reasons?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: D&C specifically involves dilating the cervix and scraping or suctioning the endometrium for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

Question 30

An inflammation of the testes that most often occurs as a complication of a blood borne infection originating in the epididymis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Inflammation of the testes is termed orchitis; it commonly results from spread of infection from the epididymis (epididymo-orchitis). The other options involve inflammation of the glans penis, kidney, or prostate.

Question 31

Differential diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: No single best answer can be determined because there is no question.

Question 32

Which one sentence is true for the mammary gland?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mammary glands function in lactation—producing, secreting, and ejecting milk to nourish the newborn. The other options describe functions of the birth canal, general protection, or ovarian function, not the mammary gland.

Question 33

What is the most common problem associated with the use of an intrauterine device (IUD)?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Expulsion is the most frequent complication of IUD use, especially in the first year; uterine perforation and infections are less common, and dyspareunia is not typical.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding breech presentation in a pregnant woman?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Breech births carry increased risks such as cord prolapse, head entrapment, asphyxia, and birth trauma compared with cephalic presentation. A is false (cephalic is most common), B is false (cesarean often preferred depending on case), and D is not reliably true when breech persists into late pregnancy.

Question 35

Why are the testes located in the scrotum outside the body cavity?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Spermatogenesis requires temperatures a few degrees below core body temperature; the scrotum provides this cooler environment via testicular descent and thermoregulation.

Question 36

A woman at 9 weeks gestation reports vaginal spotting; on examination, her cervix is closed and fetal heartbeat is present; what type of abortion is this?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vaginal bleeding with a closed cervix and a live fetus (cardiac activity present) indicates a threatened abortion. Inevitable has an open cervix; complete involves expulsion of all products; missed has fetal demise with no heartbeat.

Question 37

What is the definition of cord prolapse?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Umbilical cord prolapse occurs when the cord descends ahead of the presenting part and may protrude beyond the vulva; option D describes this condition.

Question 38

A 35 years old woman came to a clinic with complain of dyspareunia, fatigue, and infertility. After examination, a disease was diagnosed in which the endometrial tissues grows outside the uterus. This condition is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Endometriosis is characterized by endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus and commonly presents with dyspareunia, infertility, and pelvic pain/fatigue.

Question 39

What is the role of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) hormone in the blood and urine of women?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: HCG is produced by trophoblastic tissue early in pregnancy and is detectable in blood and urine; pregnancy tests measure hCG to confirm pregnancy.

Question 40

What is the definition of the true conjugate length in obstetrics?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The true (anatomic) conjugate is measured from the sacral promontory to the superior border of the pubic symphysis. The lower border measurements describe the diagonal conjugate.

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy relate to fallopian tube damage or dysfunction: prior PID, infertility treatments, prior ectopic, and tubal surgery increase risk. Uterine fibroids do not increase tubal implantation risk.

Question 42

Dystocia is ...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Dystocia is defined as difficult or abnormal labor due to problems with power, passenger, or passage; therefore it is abnormal labour.

Question 43

Which of the following lead to greenish discoloration of the amniotic fluid?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Meconium-stained amniotic fluid appears green. Lanugo and vernix do not cause green discoloration; hydramnios refers to increased volume, not color change.

Question 44

The commonest cause of breech presentation is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Breech presentation occurs most frequently in preterm fetuses; before term many fetuses remain breech and later convert to cephalic, making prematurity the most common association.

Question 45

Placenta is implanted in lower uterine segment, then it is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Implantation of the placenta in the lower uterine segment is by definition placenta previa. Vasa previa refers to fetal vessels over the os, and abruptio placenta is premature separation of a normally implanted placenta.

Question 46

Painful menstruation is termed as ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Painful menstruation is termed dysmenorrhea. Menorrhagia is heavy bleeding, amenorrhea is absence of menses, and decreased prostaglandin production is not a term.

Question 47

The number of polar bodies are released at the time of ovum discharge-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At ovulation, meiosis I has just completed, producing a secondary oocyte and the first polar body. The second polar body forms only after fertilization.

Question 48

What is the term for the first fetal movement felt by mother?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Quickening is the first perception of fetal movement by the mother (typically around 16–20 weeks). Ballottement is an examiner-elicited rebound, lightening is fetal descent into the pelvis, and engagement is when the presenting part reaches the ischial spines.

Question 49

Which hormone is primarily responsible for endometrial proliferation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Estrogen stimulates the proliferative phase of the endometrium. Progesterone promotes the secretory phase, hCG maintains the corpus luteum, and FSH stimulates follicle growth.

Question 50

What is the normal vaginal pH?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Normal vaginal pH is acidic (about 3.8–4.5) due to lactic acid from Lactobacillus, which inhibits pathogens.

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