Question 1

The most important natural antioxidant is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) is the major natural lipid-soluble antioxidant protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage; vitamins D, K, and B12 are not primary antioxidants.

Question 2

A fatty acid which is not synthesized in the body and has to be supplied in the diet is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Essential fatty acids are not synthesized in the body and must be obtained from the diet; these include linoleic and linolenic acids. The other listed fatty acids can be synthesized endogenously.

Question 3

A client following a vegan diet presents with fatigue, glossitis, and paresthesias in the hands and feet. Laboratory results reveal macrocytic anemia. Which nutrient deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Strict vegan diets lack natural dietary sources of vitamin B12, leading to macrocytic anemia and neurologic symptoms such as paresthesias. Folate deficiency also causes macrocytosis but does not produce neurologic deficits.

Question 4

A client recovering from extensive burns is placed on a high-calorie, high-protein nutritional regimen. Which physiological rationale best explains the increased protein requirement?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Burn injuries result in significant catabolism and require increased protein intake to support wound healing, immune function, and collagen formation.

Question 5

Deficiency of Vitamin A causes?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A deficiency leads to ocular changes such as xerophthalmia (dry conjunctiva/cornea), Bitot spots, keratomalacia, and night blindness. The other options are linked to other vitamins: hypoprothrombinemia (vitamin K), megaloblastic anemia (folate/B12), pernicious anemia (B12).

Question 6

Which mineral should be taken by a child suffering from rickets?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Rickets involves defective bone mineralization due to vitamin D deficiency and inadequate calcium; treatment includes calcium supplementation. Therefore the needed mineral is calcium.

Question 7

When fats develop an unpleasant smell and taste when allowed to stand at room temperature for a short period of time is called ______?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Unpleasant odor and taste developing in fats on standing is due to oxidation/hydrolysis of lipids, termed rancidity. Saponification forms soap, hydrogenation adds hydrogen to unsaturated fats, and iodine number measures unsaturation.

Question 8

Burning feet syndrome is most commonly attributed to deficiency of which vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Burning feet is a neuropathic symptom commonly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency due to peripheral neuropathy; among the given options, B12 best fits.

Question 9

Carbohydrates are also known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Carbohydrates are saccharides; simple carbohydrates are sugars, so carbohydrates are commonly referred to as sugars.

Question 10

Vitamin H is also known as which vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin H is the historical name for biotin (vitamin B7); riboflavin is B2, thiamine is B1, and calciferol is vitamin D.

Question 11

Scurvy is a disease that occurs due to the deficiency of which vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Scurvy results from vitamin C deficiency, which impairs collagen synthesis leading to bleeding gums, petechiae, and poor wound healing.

Question 12

Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin K is required for hepatic gamma-carboxylation of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X (and proteins C and S), making it essential for normal coagulation.

Question 13

Which of the following vitamins is necessary for the wound healing process?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and fibroblast function; deficiency impairs wound healing. Vitamins A and D are more related to epithelial integrity and bone health, and vitamin K to coagulation.

Question 14

Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin K is required for hepatic gamma-carboxylation of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, making it essential for normal blood coagulation.

Question 15

Which of the following is the richest source of vitamin B-12?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin B12 is found naturally in animal products such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy; plant foods like grains, leafy vegetables, and mushrooms do not naturally provide significant B12.

Question 16

Deficiency of which vitamin is a non-clotting cause of blood problems?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) impairs collagen synthesis, causing fragile capillaries and bleeding due to vascular integrity issues— a non-coagulation cause. Vitamin K affects clotting factors, B12 causes anemia, and E is not a primary cause of bleeding disorders.

Question 17

What is the reference protein?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Egg protein serves as the standard reference due to its complete amino acid profile and highest biological value.

Question 18

What is the chemical name of vitamin A?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A is known chemically as retinol; thiamine is vitamin B1 and calciferol is vitamin D.

Question 19

Common table salt is a source of which mineral?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Table salt is sodium chloride; therefore it provides the mineral sodium.

Question 20

Which vitamin helps in preventing infections?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin C supports immune function and helps reduce risk and duration of infections. Vitamin K is for coagulation, B2 is riboflavin for energy metabolism, and E is an antioxidant with less direct infection prevention.

Question 21

Bone deformities occur due to the excessive intake of which substance?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Chronic excessive fluoride intake causes skeletal fluorosis, leading to osteosclerosis and bone deformities. The other listed substances are not classic causes of bone deformities from overconsumption.

Question 22

What is the most common vitamin deficiency seen in alcoholics?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Chronic alcohol use commonly causes thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency due to poor intake, impaired absorption, and reduced storage, leading to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Question 23

What is the best source of food helpful in reducing hair fall?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Carrots are rich in beta-carotene (vitamin A), which supports healthy scalp and hair follicles; deficiency is linked to hair loss.

Question 24

Excess fat intake may cause all of the following except which condition?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: High fat intake is linked to obesity, coronary heart disease, and increased risk of certain cancers (e.g., colon and breast), but peptic ulcers are primarily due to H. pylori infection and NSAID use, not dietary fat.

Question 25

Night blindness is caused due to the deficiency of which vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Night blindness (nyctalopia) results from impaired rhodopsin formation due to vitamin A deficiency.

Question 26

Bitot's spot is a sign of deficiency of which vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bitot's spots are foamy, keratinized conjunctival plaques seen in xerophthalmia due to vitamin A deficiency.

Question 27

Which of the following sugars is found in milk?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lactose is the disaccharide sugar naturally present in milk; fructose is fruit sugar, glucose is blood sugar, and galactose is a component of lactose but not the primary sugar in milk.

Question 28

What is the other name of Vitamin B1?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin B1 is thiamine. Riboflavin is B2, ergocalciferol is vitamin D2, and tocopherol is vitamin E.

Question 29

Delay in blood clotting is a deficiency of which vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin K is required for hepatic synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X; deficiency leads to impaired coagulation and delayed blood clotting.

Question 30

Which vitamin is required for vision in dim light?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A (retinal) is needed to form rhodopsin in rod cells, enabling vision in dim light; deficiency causes night blindness.

Question 31

Which of the following foods is considered a complete protein?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Eggs provide all nine essential amino acids in adequate amounts, making them a complete, high-biological-value protein. Rice, beans, and corn are incomplete proteins individually.

Question 32

Which vitamin is provided by sunlight to the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: UVB sunlight enables skin synthesis of vitamin D3 from 7-dehydrocholesterol, making vitamin D the 'sunshine vitamin.

Question 33

Which vitamin helps in blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin K is required for hepatic gamma-carboxylation of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X (and proteins C and S), enabling normal blood coagulation.

Question 34

Which disease is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin A?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A deficiency leads to night blindness (xerophthalmia spectrum). Pellagra is due to niacin (B3) deficiency and rickets is due to vitamin D deficiency.

Question 35

What is the role of fluoride in dental health?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fluoride promotes enamel remineralization and inhibits bacterial acid production, reducing dental caries risk; whitening is not its primary role.

Question 36

Which vitamin deficiency causes the described pathology?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A deficiency classically causes ocular epithelial changes and night blindness/xerophthalmia. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy and B-vitamin deficiencies cause neurologic/anemic syndromes, making Vitamin A the best match.

Question 37

Which of the following is a provitamin A?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Beta-carotene is a provitamin A that the body converts to retinol; retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid are active retinoids, not provitamins.

Question 38

Which of the following vitamin deficiencies causes neurologic disorders?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency impairs neurotransmitter synthesis, leading to neuropathy and seizures—neurologic manifestations. Other listed vitamins more commonly cause visual (A), scurvy (C), bone (D), or antioxidant-related issues (E).

Question 39

Which vitamin is not stored in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamins A, D, and K are fat-soluble and stored in body tissues; vitamin C is water‑soluble and not significantly stored, requiring regular intake. 'Vitamin B-complex' includes B12 which can be stored, so the best single answer is vitamin C.

Question 40

Which of the following substances does the human body not produce?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The body synthesizes DNA, hormones, and enzymes, but vitamins are essential nutrients that the human body generally cannot produce in adequate amounts and must obtain primarily from the diet.

Question 41

What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin B12 for an infant?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Infants require only a very small amount of vitamin B12; recommendations for early infancy are about 0.2–0.5 mcg/day. Among the options, 0.2 mcg is the recognized infant RDA.

Question 42

According to WHO classification, a BMI of 26.6 falls into which category?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: WHO BMI categories: 25.0–29.9 is overweight; 26.6 lies in this range.

Question 43

What is the vitamin B complex name for folic acid?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Folic acid is classified as vitamin B9; B1 is thiamine, B2 is riboflavin, and B6 is pyridoxine.

Question 44

What is the main function of iron in the body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Iron is an essential component of heme and is required for hemoglobin synthesis; hemoglobin then carries oxygen. Thus, the primary function of iron is the formation of hemoglobin.

Question 45

Which mineral is present in a banana?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bananas are well known for being rich sources of potassium.

Question 46

How many kilocalories does one gram of fat provide?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fat yields 9 kilocalories per gram (carbohydrate and protein provide 4 kcal/g; alcohol 7 kcal/g).

Question 47

Which of the following is not the most common form of malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: PEM, marasmus, and kwashiorkor are common protein-energy malnutrition types; beriberi is a thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency disease and not among the most common forms.

Question 48

The nurse is caring for a child with Cystic Fibrosis. The nurse would anticipate that the child would be deficient in which of the following vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cystic fibrosis causes pancreatic insufficiency and fat malabsorption, leading to deficiency of fat‑soluble vitamins. Among the options, A, D, and K best reflects these likely deficiencies.

Question 49

Which of the following pulses has the highest content of iron?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Among commonly consumed pulses, Bengal gram is recognized as the richest in iron compared with red gram and black gram; soybean is typically classified separately from pulses in this context.

Question 50

Which fatty acid present in breast milk is important for growth?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in breast milk supports rapid infant growth, particularly neural and visual development, making it the key fatty acid emphasized for growth.

Train with a large NCLEX question bank and jump into a full exam-style simulator

Nutrition NCLEX Practice Test

Continue Learning

The most important natural antioxidant is?

A fatty acid which is not synthesized in the body and has to be supplied in the diet is?

A client following a vegan diet presents with fatigue, glossitis, and paresthesias in the hands and feet. Laboratory results reveal macrocytic anemia. Which nutrient deficiency is most likely responsible?

A client recovering from extensive burns is placed on a high-calorie, high-protein nutritional regimen. Which physiological rationale best explains the increased protein requirement?

Deficiency of Vitamin A causes?

Which mineral should be taken by a child suffering from rickets?

When fats develop an unpleasant smell and taste when allowed to stand at room temperature for a short period of time is called ______?

Burning feet syndrome is most commonly attributed to deficiency of which vitamin?

Carbohydrates are also known as?

Vitamin H is also known as which vitamin?

Scurvy is a disease that occurs due to the deficiency of which vitamin?

Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

Which of the following vitamins is necessary for the wound healing process?

Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

Which of the following is the richest source of vitamin B-12?

Deficiency of which vitamin is a non-clotting cause of blood problems?

What is the reference protein?

What is the chemical name of vitamin A?

Common table salt is a source of which mineral?

Which vitamin helps in preventing infections?

Bone deformities occur due to the excessive intake of which substance?

What is the most common vitamin deficiency seen in alcoholics?

What is the best source of food helpful in reducing hair fall?

Excess fat intake may cause all of the following except which condition?

Night blindness is caused due to the deficiency of which vitamin?

Bitot's spot is a sign of deficiency of which vitamin?

Which of the following sugars is found in milk?

What is the other name of Vitamin B1?

Delay in blood clotting is a deficiency of which vitamin?

Which vitamin is required for vision in dim light?

Which of the following foods is considered a complete protein?

Which vitamin is provided by sunlight to the human body?

Which vitamin helps in blood clotting?

Which disease is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin A?

What is the role of fluoride in dental health?

Which vitamin deficiency causes the described pathology?

Which of the following is a provitamin A?

Which of the following vitamin deficiencies causes neurologic disorders?

Which vitamin is not stored in the human body?

Which of the following substances does the human body not produce?

What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin B12 for an infant?

According to WHO classification, a BMI of 26.6 falls into which category?

What is the vitamin B complex name for folic acid?

What is the main function of iron in the body?

Which mineral is present in a banana?

How many kilocalories does one gram of fat provide?

Which of the following is not the most common form of malnutrition?

The nurse is caring for a child with Cystic Fibrosis. The nurse would anticipate that the child would be deficient in which of the following vitamins?

Which of the following pulses has the highest content of iron?

Which fatty acid present in breast milk is important for growth?

Think you’re ready for the NCLEX?

Leave a Reply Cancel reply