Question 1

Which deficiency disease is also known as "rice eater's" disease?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Beriberi is due to thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, historically common among populations relying heavily on polished rice—hence called the 'rice eater’s disease.

Question 2

Best marker for chronic PEM is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Chronic protein-energy malnutrition causes stunting; the anthropometric index for stunting is height-for-age.

Question 3

Specific sign of Kwashiorkor is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Kwashiorkor has characteristic hair changes with alternating light and dark bands (flag sign). Edema occurs but is not unique, and weight loss/muscle wasting are more typical of marasmus.

Question 4

Diarrhoea, dermatitis and depression are the symptoms of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pellagra (niacin deficiency) is classically characterized by the 3 D’s: dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia; neuropsychiatric features can include depression. The other options are protein-energy malnutrition or specific oral findings.

Question 5

The total osmolality of low-osmolality WHO ORS is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: WHO reduced-osmolarity ORS has a total osmolarity of about 245 mOsm/L (Na 75 mEq/L, glucose 75 mmol/L).

Question 6

Severe muscle wasting, growth failure and loss of subcutaneous fat are features of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Marasmus results from severe calorie deficiency causing marked wasting, growth failure, and loss of subcutaneous fat. Kwashiorkor presents with edema; beriberi is thiamine deficiency; scurvy is vitamin C deficiency.

Question 7

Signs of marasmus except-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Marasmus is due to severe calorie deficiency and presents with profound muscle wasting and loss of subcutaneous fat. Vomiting is not a characteristic sign; therefore the 'except' option is Severe vomiting.

Question 8

Following are the clinical feature of marasmus except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Marasmus is a calorie deficiency state characterized by severe wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat, and reduced arm circumference; edema is typical of kwashiorkor, not marasmus.

Question 9

What is Marasmus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition due to deficiency of calories and most nutrients. Option A describes scurvy, C describes obesity, and D is incorrect because marasmus is not minor.

Question 10

First dose of Vitamin A is given along with?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In the immunization schedule, the first dose of vitamin A (100,000 IU) is administered at 9 months together with the measles vaccine.

Question 11

The richest natural source of vitamin A is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cod liver oil is one of the richest natural sources of preformed vitamin A (retinol), exceeding plant sources like carrots (beta-carotene) and general fish or peas.

Question 12

Gomez classification based on retardation of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gomez classification assesses protein-energy malnutrition by weight-for-age percentage; thus it is based on retardation of weight.

Question 13

Which is not true about kwashiorkor?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Kwashiorkor presents with edema (often pedal), hair changes like brittle/easily pluckable hair, and poor appetite. A monkey-like face is typical of marasmus, not kwashiorkor.

Question 14

The best parameter for assessment of chronic malnutrition is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Chronic malnutrition manifests as stunting, best measured by height-for-age. Weight-for-height reflects acute malnutrition; weight-for-age is a composite and less specific.

Question 15

Trans fats and saturated fats are unhealthy for your heart because they-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Trans fats raise LDL and lower HDL, and saturated fats raise LDL; this lipid pattern increases cardiovascular risk. Thus the best choice is raising LDL while lowering HDL.

Question 16

Which of this increase absorption of iron expect?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin C-rich foods such as amla, citrus fruits, and sprouts enhance non-heme iron absorption. Dairy products like curd provide calcium, which inhibits iron absorption; therefore it does not increase absorption.

Question 17

Example of monounsaturated fatty acid is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Oleic acid (18:1) has a single double bond, making it monounsaturated. Linoleic and arachidonic acids are polyunsaturated, and palmitic acid is saturated.

Question 18

Minimum dietary fiber is found in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Refined breakfast cereals like cornflakes contain very little fiber, whereas bran is highest and peas/dried apricot have moderate fiber.

Question 19

Tocopherols prevent the oxidation of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tocopherols (vitamin E) act as lipid-soluble antioxidants that protect vitamin A and polyunsaturated fatty acids from oxidation.

Question 20

Example of Essential amino Acid is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid; glycine and cysteine are nonessential (cysteine conditionally), and arginine is only conditionally essential.

Question 21

Which nutrition deficiency can cause present edema?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Protein deficiency (e.g., kwashiorkor) lowers plasma albumin, decreases oncotic pressure, and leads to edema.

Question 22

Which vitamin deficiency can lead to anosmia?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A deficiency can damage/impair the olfactory epithelium leading to loss of smell (anosmia); the other listed vitamins are not typical causes.

Question 23

Cow milk is a rich source of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Milk is a good source of vitamin A; it is low in vitamin C and contains limited vitamin K. Option C is nonspecific as B vitamins vary.

Question 24

What is the function of phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Phosphorus is essential for mineralization of bones and teeth and acts as a major buffer (phosphate buffer system) helping regulate body fluid pH; regulation of muscle contraction is primarily a role of calcium.

Question 25

Which vitamin is destroyed by polishing rice?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Polishing/milling rice removes the thiamine-rich bran layer, leading to loss of vitamin B1 and risk of beriberi.

Question 26

The nutrients that provide 'protection against diseases' are?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamins and minerals function as antioxidants and cofactors that support immune defenses, reducing susceptibility to disease. Carbohydrates and fats mainly provide energy, and proteins are primarily for growth and repair.

Question 27

______ is necessary for the utilization and retention of calcium and phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin D promotes intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of calcium and phosphate, aiding their utilization and retention.

Question 28

Beriberi disease/disorder is caused by deficiency of which of the following vitamins?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Beriberi is due to thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. B2 deficiency causes cheilosis/stomatitis, B3 deficiency causes pellagra, and B12 deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia/neuropathy.

Question 29

Which of the following mineral functions by building strong bones and teeth?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Calcium is the key mineral for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth; iodine is for thyroid function and iron is for hemoglobin.

Question 30

Pellagra is caused due to deficiency of Vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pellagra results from niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency, classically causing dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

Question 31

The number of kilocalories provided by one slice of bread that contains 30 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, and 1 g fat is ____ kcal?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Use standard macronutrient caloric values: carbohydrate 4 kcal/g, protein 4 kcal/g, fat 9 kcal/g. Total = (30×4) + (3×4) + (1×9) = 120 + 12 + 9 = 141 kcal.

Question 32

............ is also known as pantothenic acid?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pantothenic acid is the common name for vitamin B5; B6 is pyridoxine, B2 is riboflavin, and B1 is thiamine.

Question 33

Energy is highest in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fats provide the most energy at about 9 kcal per gram, compared with carbohydrates and proteins at 4 kcal per gram; vitamins provide no calories.

Question 34

What is the best indicator for nutritional status in a child?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mid-upper arm circumference is a simple, reliable anthropometric measure that reflects protein-energy status and is widely used to screen for undernutrition in children, outperforming head/chest circumference or growth velocity as a single indicator.

Question 35

How many additional calories are suggested for lactating women during the first six months of the postnatal period?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Standard recommendations for exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months require about an additional 550 kcal/day.

Question 36

What is the best indicator for monitoring the impact of iodine deficiency disorders control program?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Urinary iodine concentration reflects recent iodine intake and is a sensitive, timely population indicator, especially in the most vulnerable group—pregnant women. Goiter prevalence changes slowly; neonatal hypothyroidism is rare and influenced by other factors; soil iodine is not a health outcome indicator.

Question 37

Which is the most abundant mineral in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, with ~99% stored in bones and teeth as hydroxyapatite.

Question 38

Which of the following is the sweetest sugar?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fructose has the highest relative sweetness among common sugars, sweeter than sucrose, glucose, and maltose.

Question 39

Which vitamin helps in the transmission of nerve impulses?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Thiamine (vitamin B1) is essential for nerve conduction and carbohydrate metabolism; deficiency causes neuropathy and beriberi. Vitamins A, C, and D do not primarily function in nerve impulse transmission.

Question 40

Which of the following vitamins is also known as Retinol?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Retinol is the chemical name for vitamin A; vitamin D is calciferol and vitamin K is phylloquinone/menaquinone.

Question 41

Sunlight is the source of which vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: UVB exposure enables the skin to synthesize vitamin D from 7-dehydrocholesterol; thus sunlight is a source of vitamin D.

Question 42

Sunlight is a great source of which vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: UVB exposure enables skin synthesis of vitamin D, making sunlight a primary natural source.

Question 43

How many kilocalories are provided by 1 gram of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Alcohol provides 7 kilocalories per gram (compared with 4 kcal/g for carbs and protein, 9 kcal/g for fat).

Question 44

Which vitamin deficiency causes rickets?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Rickets is due to vitamin D deficiency, causing impaired calcium/phosphate absorption and poor bone mineralization in growing bones.

Question 45

Essential fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Humans cannot synthesize omega-6 and omega-3 double bonds; linoleic and linolenic acids are essential, and arachidonic acid is considered conditionally essential—commonly grouped with EFAs in exam context—thus all listed are essential fatty acids.

Question 46

Dietary fibers are rich in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Dietary fiber consists mainly of non-starch polysaccharides such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins; starch and glycogen are digestible and proteoglycans are not a major dietary fiber component.

Question 47

Vitamin E reduces the requirement of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin E and selenium have complementary antioxidant roles; vitamin E can spare selenium need by reducing oxidative burden, thus decreasing selenium requirement.

Question 48

The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of proteins for an adult man is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Protein RDA for an average adult male is about 1 g/kg/day; for a typical 70-kg man this is roughly 70 g/day, making 70 gms the best choice among the options.

Question 49

Vitamins are?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamins are micronutrients required in small amounts and historically termed accessory food factors; they are not generally synthesized in sufficient amounts by the body, are not produced by endocrine glands, and are not proteins.

Question 50

One manifestation of vitamin A deficiency is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A deficiency impairs rhodopsin formation in the retina, leading to nyctalopia (night blindness). Painful joints, bone thickening, and hair loss are more consistent with hypervitaminosis A.

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