Question 1

Hoffman-Tinel sign is seen in which condition?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hoffmann–Tinel sign is tingling elicited by tapping over a regenerating peripheral nerve, indicating axonal regrowth; it is not associated with DVT, PE, or UMN lesions.

Question 2

What defines stage 2 sleep?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Stage 2 NREM sleep is characterized on EEG by sleep spindles and K-complexes. REM involves rapid eye movements, and delta (1–2 Hz) waves define deep slow-wave sleep (stage 3/4).

Question 3

What is the total volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In adults the total CSF volume is about 150 mL, with roughly 500 mL produced daily and continuously reabsorbed.

Question 4

What is the functioning unit of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The neuron is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system; other options do not represent this unit.

Question 5

Which type of paralysis affects both arms and both legs?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Quadriplegia (tetraplegia) is paralysis of all four limbs. Monoplegia is one limb, hemiplegia is one side of the body, and paraplegia is both legs.

Question 6

One side head pain is called ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Migraine classically presents as a unilateral, throbbing headache often accompanied by photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea. Trauma is an external cause of injury, not a specific headache type. Seizure is a paroxysmal neurologic event, not a headache disorder. A brain tumor can cause headaches but is not the term for one-sided head pain.

Question 7

Bell's palsy is associated with lesion of which cranial nerve?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bell's palsy is an acute, unilateral lower motor neuron palsy of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). CN VII controls the muscles of facial expression and carries taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, as well as parasympathetic fibers to lacrimal and salivary glands. Lesions cause ipsilateral facial weakness including loss of forehead movement, possible hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation or taste. CN IX, XI, and III serve different functions (posterior tongue/taste and pharynx, shoulder/neck movement, and eye movements, respectively) and are not implicated in Bell's palsy.

Question 8

Sense of smell is perceived by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Olfactory receptor signals travel to the olfactory bulb and tract, then project to the primary olfactory cortex located in the medial temporal lobe (piriform cortex/uncus) and related limbic structures. The occipital lobe is primarily for vision, and the parietal lobe for somatosensory processing. An 'olfactory lobe' is not a recognized cerebral lobe in adult humans. Therefore, the temporal lobe is the correct answer.

Question 9

The fluid that protects the brain and spinal cord is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounds the brain and spinal cord in the subarachnoid space and fills the ventricles, providing cushioning and protection from mechanical injury. It also offers buoyancy to reduce effective brain weight and helps remove metabolic waste. CSF is produced by the choroid plexus and circulates through the ventricular system before being reabsorbed into the venous circulation.

Question 10

The organ that controls breathing is called the ______?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Breathing is controlled by respiratory centers in the brainstem, primarily the medulla oblongata and pons. These centers integrate input from central and peripheral chemoreceptors to regulate the rate and depth of ventilation. The lungs perform gas exchange but do not control breathing, and the heart circulates blood, not respiratory drive.

Question 11

Human Brain divided into?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The human brain is classically divided into three major regions: the forebrain (telencephalon and diencephalon), the midbrain (mesencephalon), and the hindbrain (pons, medulla, and cerebellum). These divisions reflect embryologic development and functional organization. Because all three listed regions are parts of the brain, the best answer is 'All.

Question 12

The brain and spinal cord are covered by —?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The central nervous system is enveloped by the meninges—dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater—which protect and support the brain and spinal cord. The peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity, not the CNS. The pleura surrounds the lungs. Myelin insulates neuronal axons rather than covering the brain or spinal cord as organs.

Question 13

Largest autonomic plexus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The celiac (solar) plexus is the largest autonomic plexus, located around the celiac trunk and aortic hiatus. It contains sympathetic fibers from the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves and parasympathetic fibers from the vagus nerves. It distributes autonomic innervation to major upper abdominal viscera. The cervical, lumbar, and sacral plexuses are primarily somatic nerve plexuses, not autonomic.

Question 14

The brain has almost ____ memory?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Neuroscience estimates place human brain storage near 2.5 petabytes, roughly 2.5 million gigabytes, derived from the number of synapses (around 10^14–10^15) and their information capacity. This order of magnitude far exceeds consumer memory sizes like 2GB, 128GB, or 512GB. Therefore, the best answer among the options is 2.5MillionGB.

Question 15

Which part of the human brain is primarily responsible for solving mathematical and reasoning-based questions?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Higher-order cognition, including abstract reasoning, problem solving, working memory, and numerical processing, is mediated by the cerebral cortex of the cerebrum (notably prefrontal and parietal association areas). The cerebellum primarily coordinates motor control and procedural learning. The medulla oblongata governs autonomic vital functions, and the pons serves as a relay involved in respiration and sleep. Thus, the cerebrum is the structure chiefly responsible for mathematical and reasoning tasks.

Question 16

Total number of Spinal nerves in human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Humans have 31 pairs of spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. These mixed nerves carry motor and sensory fibers to and from the body. Knowing the exact count is foundational for understanding dermatomes, myotomes, and regional neurological assessment.

Question 17

Longest cell in human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Neurons can have axons that extend up to a meter or more, such as motor neurons running from the spinal cord to the foot, making them the longest cells in the human body. Red and white blood cells are only micrometers in size, and bone cells are not elongated to this extent. Therefore, the neuron is the correct choice.

Question 18

'Cerebral Palsy' is a brain disorder found generally in...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive motor disorder resulting from injury or malformation of the developing brain, typically occurring prenatally or perinatally. It is diagnosed in infancy or early childhood when delayed motor milestones and abnormal tone become evident. It is not specific to sex, not caused by drug addiction, and is not primarily a disorder of older adults.

Question 19

Taste sensations from anterior 2/3rd of tongue are carried by-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is carried by the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve (CN VII), which joins the lingual nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) conveys taste from the posterior one-third. The trigeminal nerve carries general somatic sensation from the anterior tongue but not taste. The greater auricular nerve is a cervical plexus nerve and does not mediate taste.

Question 20

Headache is related to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Headache is a neurologic symptom involving pain perceived in the head due to activation of pain-sensitive intracranial and extracranial structures. Although the brain parenchyma has no pain receptors, the meninges and cerebral blood vessels are innervated by trigeminal and cervical nerves that transmit pain signals to the brain. Thus, headache is most directly related to the brain and its neural pathways.

Question 21

The respiratory center is present in this part of brain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The primary respiratory centers that generate the basic rhythm of breathing are in the medulla oblongata (dorsal and ventral respiratory groups). The pons modulates this rhythm, but the medulla is the key site for automatic respiratory drive. Cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum do not house the central respiratory centers, and while the spinal cord contains motor neurons for ventilation, it is not the control center.

Question 22

Which organ is control centre of the body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The brain is the body's control center, integrating sensory input and coordinating voluntary and involuntary actions via the central nervous system. It regulates motor activity, autonomic functions, and endocrine responses through structures like the hypothalamus and pituitary. The heart pumps blood, the stomach aids digestion, and the skin provides protection, but none control overall body functions.

Question 23

Dementia is a disorder of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Dementia is a syndrome of progressive cognitive decline due to pathologies of the brain, most commonly neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer disease. It involves neuronal loss and synaptic dysfunction in cortical and subcortical areas, impairing memory, language, and executive function. It is not primarily a disorder of the heart, lungs, or kidneys.

Question 24

Spinal cord connects brain to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The spinal cord is the major conduit of the central nervous system that links the brain with the peripheral nerves of the rest of the body. It carries motor commands from the brain to body muscles and organs and relays sensory information back to the brain. It does not connect the brain specifically to a single organ such as the heart, lungs, or liver.

Question 25

Migraine is a type of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent, often unilateral, pulsating head pain. Attacks are commonly accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia, and may be preceded by aura. It is not a fever, cough, or skin disease.

Question 26

Epilepsy is a disorder of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal, hypersynchronous electrical activity in the cerebral cortex. Thus, it is fundamentally a disorder of the brain. It is not a primary disease of the heart, kidneys, or stomach.

Question 27

The Average Brain Weight of females is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Standard neuroanatomy references cite an average adult female brain mass near 1200 g, whereas males average around 1350 g. Values vary with body size and age, but 1200 g is the accepted rounded figure taught in basic anatomy. The other options are either overly precise (1198 g) or outside the commonly reported range for females.

Question 28

Brain is a part of ...... system?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The brain is the central organ of the central nervous system, responsible for cognition, sensory integration, motor control, and autonomic regulation. It is not part of the digestive, circulatory, or endocrine systems, though it influences them via neural and neuroendocrine pathways. Therefore, it belongs to the nervous system.

Question 29

Eating behavior is controlled by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Appetite and satiety are centrally regulated by the hypothalamus, which contains the lateral (hunger) and ventromedial (satiety) nuclei. Peripheral signals such as leptin, ghrelin, and insulin act on the hypothalamus to modulate eating behavior. The thyroid and adrenal glands primarily affect metabolic rate and stress responses, while the pancreas regulates blood glucose; none directly control the central drive to eat.

Question 30

What is the main function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cerebellum primarily coordinates balance and posture by integrating vestibular, proprioceptive, and visual inputs to fine‑tune motor activity. It ensures smooth, coordinated movements and equilibrium. Memory and vision are chiefly functions of the cerebral cortex (hippocampus/temporal lobes and occipital lobes, respectively), not the cerebellum.

Question 31

Vomiting center is located in—?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The vomiting center resides in the medulla oblongata, near the nucleus tractus solitarius and area postrema. It integrates inputs from the chemoreceptor trigger zone, vagal afferents, and vestibular system to coordinate the emetic reflex. Stimulation here activates patterned motor responses for retching and vomiting.

Question 32

Nerve involved in vomiting reflex-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The vomiting reflex is coordinated in the medulla via the nucleus tractus solitarius and the area postrema, receiving strong afferent input from visceral vagal fibers. Efferent vagal pathways then drive gastrointestinal contractions and relaxation of the stomach and esophagus, while somatic outputs activate the diaphragm and abdominal muscles. Trigeminal and facial nerves are primarily sensory/motor to the face and not key in emesis, and the accessory nerve supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius.

Question 33

What is Dementia?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by a chronic, acquired decline in cognitive function with memory impairment as a core feature that interferes with daily functioning. Brain tumor and stroke are potential causes of cognitive decline but are not definitions of dementia itself. Loss of appetite is a nonspecific symptom and not diagnostic of dementia.

Question 34

The part of brain that controls body temperature is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The hypothalamus serves as the body’s thermostat, particularly the preoptic area, which contains temperature-sensitive neurons. It integrates core and peripheral temperature inputs and triggers autonomic and endocrine responses to conserve or dissipate heat. The cerebrum handles higher cognitive functions, the cerebellum coordinates movement, and the medulla regulates vital functions such as respiration and heart rate, not primary thermoregulation.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a pain sensitive area in the head?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Headache pain arises from pain-sensitive structures innervated by trigeminal and upper cervical afferents, including the dura/meninges, venous sinuses, scalp, and large intracranial arteries. The brain parenchyma itself lacks nociceptors. The thalamus, being part of the brain parenchyma, is not pain sensitive. Therefore, the thalamus is the correct exception.

Question 36

What is a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A transient ischemic attack is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by temporary reduction or blockage of blood flow to part of the brain, spinal cord, or retina, without acute infarction. Symptoms typically resolve within minutes to an hour. It is not cardiac arrest, a mere spike in blood pressure, or shortness of breath, though these may be associated with other conditions. TIAs are warning signs of potential stroke and warrant urgent evaluation.

Question 37

The Peripheral Nervous System is composed of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The peripheral nervous system includes all neural structures outside the brain and spinal cord, primarily the cranial and spinal nerves. These nerves carry afferent (sensory) input to the CNS and efferent (motor) output to muscles and glands. The brain and spinal cord comprise the central nervous system, not the peripheral system. Therefore, the best description is motor and sensory nerves.

Question 38

Which of the following neurotransmitter is associated with parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Parkinson's disease is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to dopamine deficiency in the nigrostriatal pathway. This loss disrupts basal ganglia circuits, causing bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. There is a relative excess of cholinergic activity, and treatments aim to restore dopaminergic tone (e.g., levodopa, dopamine agonists).

Question 39

Central nervous system includes?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The central nervous system is defined anatomically as the brain and the spinal cord. Structures such as the pons are components of the brainstem, but listing only one region (pons, brain, or spinal cord alone) is incomplete. Therefore, the comprehensive answer is the combination of brain and spinal cord.

Question 40

How many spinal nerves are there in human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Humans have 31 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Each pair emerges from the spinal cord and exits through intervertebral foramina (except C1 which exits above the atlas). These mixed nerves carry both motor and sensory fibers to and from specific dermatomal and myotomal regions. Therefore, the correct count is 31 pairs.

Question 41

Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cerebellum integrates proprioceptive input from muscles and the vestibular system to fine‑tune motor activity, maintaining balance, posture, and coordination of voluntary movements. Damage to the cerebellum causes ataxia, dysmetria, and intention tremor. The medulla controls vital autonomic functions, the thalamus relays sensory information, and the cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions.

Question 42

Memory and intelligence are mainly controlled by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Higher cognitive functions such as intelligence, reasoning, and memory are primarily mediated by the cerebrum, particularly the cerebral cortex and hippocampal formations. The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance, not cognition. The medulla regulates vital autonomic functions like respiration and heart rate. The hypothalamus governs autonomic and endocrine homeostasis rather than higher cognition.

Question 43

Largest part of brain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain, comprising the two cerebral hemispheres and accounting for over 80% of brain mass. It houses the cerebral cortex responsible for higher cognitive functions, sensory perception, and voluntary motor control. In contrast, the pons and medulla are smaller brainstem structures, and the hypothalamus is a small diencephalic region controlling homeostasis.

Question 44

The largest part of the human brain is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cerebrum constitutes about 80–85% of total brain mass and encompasses the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. It is responsible for higher cognitive functions, sensory integration, and voluntary motor control. The cerebellum and brainstem structures (medulla and pons) are much smaller in volume and serve coordination and autonomic functions, respectively.

Question 45

Paralysis of one side of body is called—?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hemiplegia is paralysis of one side of the body, typically due to a lesion in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere affecting the corticospinal tract (e.g., stroke). Paraplegia refers to paralysis of both lower extremities. Quadriplegia involves all four limbs. Diplegia is bilateral involvement, often with greater impairment of the legs than arms, as seen in some cerebral palsy patterns.

Question 46

Paralysis of both legs is called—?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Paraplegia refers to paralysis of both lower extremities, typically due to injury or disease affecting the thoracic or lumbar spinal cord. Hemiplegia is paralysis of one side of the body, monoplegia involves a single limb, and quadriplegia affects all four limbs. Therefore the term for paralysis of both legs is paraplegia.

Question 47

Which lobe of brain controls vision?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vision is primarily processed in the occipital lobe, which contains the primary visual cortex (Brodmann area 17) receiving input from the lateral geniculate nucleus via optic radiations. The frontal lobe governs executive function and motor control, the parietal lobe processes somatosensory and spatial information, and the temporal lobe handles auditory processing and memory. Therefore, the occipital lobe is the correct choice.

Question 48

The nervous system helps to —?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The nervous system coordinates and regulates body functions by processing sensory input and directing motor output through the CNS and PNS. While it influences organ activity via autonomic control, the primary role is overall control and integration of body activities. Digestion is primarily a function of the gastrointestinal system, pumping blood is the role of the heart within the cardiovascular system, and filtering waste is performed by the kidneys in the urinary system.

Question 49

Which nerve carries smell sensation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I) carries the special sensory modality of smell from receptors in the nasal olfactory epithelium through the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb and tract. The optic nerve (CN II) mediates vision, not olfaction. The auditory (vestibulocochlear) nerve (CN VIII) handles hearing and balance. The facial nerve (CN VII) controls facial movement and taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, not smell.

Question 50

The nerve that controls heart and digestive organs is—?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) carries parasympathetic fibers to the heart and most of the gastrointestinal tract. It slows the heart rate by acting on the SA and AV nodes and increases GI motility and secretions. The sciatic nerve serves the lower limb, the optic nerve is sensory for vision, and the facial nerve controls facial muscles and taste—none control cardiac or GI function.

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