Question 1

The placenta is formed in the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The placenta develops after implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium of the uterus. It forms from fetal chorionic villi (chorion frondosum) and the maternal decidua basalis. Implantation in the fallopian tube would be ectopic and cannot support normal placental development. The ovary and vagina are not implantation sites.

Question 2

How many weeks is the average human pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Normal human gestation is measured from the first day of the last menstrual period and averages 40 weeks. Term pregnancy is defined as 39 weeks 0 days to 40 weeks 6 days. Thirty-six weeks is preterm, while 44 weeks is post-term and uncommon. Therefore, the best answer is 40 weeks.

Question 3

Monthly discharge of blood from Vagina is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The monthly vaginal bleeding in reproductive-age females is the menstrual period, which results from shedding of the endometrium when fertilization and implantation do not occur. Declining ovarian hormones lead to breakdown of the uterine lining and bleeding through the vagina. Fertilization is conception, abortion is termination of pregnancy, and general secretions are not the cyclic uterine bleeding.

Question 4

Abruptio placentae is premature separation of normally implanted placenta?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Abruptio placentae is defined as the premature separation of a normally implanted placenta after 20 weeks’ gestation and before delivery of the fetus. It results from bleeding into the decidua basalis leading to partial or complete placental detachment. Clinically it presents with painful vaginal bleeding, uterine tenderness, and fetal distress. This contrasts with placenta previa, where the placenta is abnormally implanted over the cervical os.

Question 5

Fertilization occurs in____?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In humans, fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube where the sperm meets the ovulated oocyte. The resulting zygote then travels to the uterus for implantation. The vagina is only the site of semen deposition, and fertilization does not normally occur in the pelvis or uterus.

Question 6

In the second stage of Labor, uterine contraction Last?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: During the second stage of labor, contractions are strong and typically last about 60–90 seconds with a frequency of about every 2–3 minutes. A 60‑second duration is within normal expectations for this stage as the uterus exerts maximal expulsive force. Durations as long as 120 seconds are not typical and may suggest hyperstimulation. Therefore, 60 second is the best answer.

Question 7

Placenta previa means placenta is implanted in the lower uterine segment?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Placenta previa is defined by placental implantation in the lower uterine segment, near or over the internal cervical os. This location predisposes to painless vaginal bleeding in the second or third trimester because the lower segment thins and the placental attachment shears. Recognition is important for obstetric management, often requiring cesarean delivery if the os is covered.

Question 8

Tubectomy involves cutting of _____?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tubectomy is a female sterilization procedure in which the fallopian (uterine) tubes are cut and ligated to block gamete transport, preventing fertilization. Cutting the vas deferens refers to vasectomy, a male sterilization method. The uterus and ovaries are not excised or cut in a standard tubectomy.

Question 9

Which hormone increases uterine sensitivity to oxytocin at term?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Near term, estrogen upregulates oxytocin receptors and increases gap junction formation in the myometrium, making the uterus more responsive to oxytocin and promoting coordinated contractions. Progesterone maintains uterine quiescence, so its relative withdrawal opposes this effect. Prolactin primarily regulates lactation, and relaxin softens the cervix and pelvic ligaments rather than increasing oxytocin sensitivity.

Question 10

Average blood loss in vaginal delivery is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Estimated average blood loss at term for a spontaneous vaginal delivery is about 500 mL. This value reflects normal physiologic blood loss with placental separation. Exceeding 500 mL is used to define postpartum hemorrhage for vaginal birth, whereas the threshold is 1000 mL for cesarean delivery.

Question 11

Placenta normally secretes hormones like hCG, progesterone, estrogen?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The placenta functions as a temporary endocrine organ. It produces hCG early in pregnancy to maintain the corpus luteum and later synthesizes progesterone and estrogens to support uterine quiescence and fetal growth. These hormones are essential for maintaining pregnancy and preparing the breasts for lactation.

Question 12

Uterus after delivery returns to its normal size by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Postpartum uterine involution reduces the uterus from approximately 1000 g to near its nonpregnant size by about 6 weeks. The fundus descends roughly 1 cm per day and becomes nonpalpable abdominally by around 10–14 days. Complete return to pre-pregnancy size and weight is typically achieved by 6 weeks in uncomplicated recoveries.

Question 13

Copper-T can prevent pregnancy for _____ years?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Copper-bearing IUDs such as the Copper T 380A release copper ions that impair sperm motility and viability, providing long-acting contraception. They are approved for up to 10 years of use, with some models having 5-year indications. Shorter durations like 1 or 3 years are incorrect, and it is not a lifetime method. Therefore, 5–10 years is the correct range.

Question 14

The last stage of labor is the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Labor traditionally has three stages: cervical dilation, fetal expulsion, and placental delivery. The final stage is the placental stage, when the placenta separates and is delivered after the baby. A 'decidual' or 'neonate' stage is not a recognized stage of labor, and expulsion refers to the second stage.

Question 15

The placenta is normally expelled within?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The third stage of labor spans from birth of the baby to placental expulsion. In normal physiology, the placenta separates and is delivered within 5–30 minutes, especially with active management of the third stage. Failure to deliver the placenta by 30 minutes is typically considered a retained placenta and increases hemorrhage risk. Therefore, 30 minutes is the expected upper limit for normal expulsion.

Question 16

Polyhydramnios is diagnosed when AFI is more than?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Polyhydramnios is defined sonographically by an amniotic fluid index (AFI) of at least 24–25 cm or a deepest vertical pocket of 8 cm or more. Normal AFI ranges from about 5 to 24 cm, and oligohydramnios is less than 5 cm. Therefore, among the options, 24 cm is the correct diagnostic threshold.

Question 17

In pregnancy, blood volume increases approximately by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: During normal pregnancy, maternal plasma volume expands by about 40–50% to support uteroplacental perfusion and fetal growth. Red blood cell mass increases to a lesser degree (about 20–30%), leading to physiologic hemodilution. Values outside this range are not typical of healthy pregnancy.

Question 18

The most common site of episiotomy is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mediolateral episiotomy is the most commonly performed incision because it reduces the risk of extension into the anal sphincter and rectal mucosa compared with a midline incision. Transverse and lateral incisions are rarely used due to higher risks of bleeding, pain, and injury to Bartholin ducts. Thus, mediolateral offers a safer profile while providing adequate perineal enlargement.

Question 19

The normal site of implantation is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In normal pregnancy, the blastocyst implants in the endometrium of the uterine fundus, typically on the posterior superior wall, where blood supply is optimal for placental development. Implantation in the isthmus or cervix is abnormal and classified as ectopic or cervical pregnancy, respectively, with high risk of complications. Ovarian implantation is also ectopic.

Question 20

The placenta helps remove ____ from the baby's blood?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The placenta serves as an organ of exchange between the fetus and mother, eliminating fetal metabolic wastes such as carbon dioxide, urea, and creatinine into the maternal circulation. It also supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Hair, skin, and nails are fetal tissues and are not substances removed from fetal blood by the placenta.

Question 21

Ovum is released from the ovary every?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In the typical menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs once per cycle, with an average cycle length of about 28 days. The ovum is released around midcycle, approximately day 14, but the overall periodicity of release is roughly every 28 days. While individual cycle lengths can vary, 28 days is the standard reference interval.

Question 22

Ectopic pregnancy related to...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the blastocyst implants outside the endometrial cavity, most commonly in the fallopian tube. Thus, it is a disorder of abnormal implantation, not of labor or delivery (parturition). Tubal damage or dysfunction predisposes to ectopic implantation by impairing embryo transport. Clinical consequences stem from the site of implantation rather than issues with the birth process.

Question 23

The gestation period in women is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Normal human pregnancy lasts about 280 days when measured from the first day of the last menstrual period, equivalent to 40 weeks. This corresponds to approximately 266 days from conception. The shorter durations listed are far below the physiologic timeframe required for fetal development to term. Therefore, 280 days is the correct gestation period in women.

Question 24

During pregnancy the hormone that sensitizes the myometrium to oxytocin, is-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Estrogen upregulates oxytocin receptors and increases gap junctions (e.g., connexin-43) in the myometrium near term, making the uterus more responsive to oxytocin and promoting coordinated contractions. Progesterone maintains uterine quiescence and decreases myometrial sensitivity. hCG primarily maintains the corpus luteum early in pregnancy, and testosterone has no role in uterine sensitization. Therefore, estrogen is the hormone that sensitizes the myometrium to oxytocin.

Question 25

The gestation period in females is about..?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In humans, term pregnancy is approximately 40 weeks from the first day of the last menstrual period, which equals about 280 days. While the interval from conception to birth averages 266 days (38 weeks), obstetric dating uses LMP. Therefore, among the options, 280 days best represents the typical gestational period.

Question 26

The normal duration of labour in a primigravida is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: For nulliparous (primigravida) women, the average total duration of normal labor is about 12–14 hours. The first stage typically lasts around 12 hours, the second stage about 1 hour, and the third stage approximately 10 minutes. Durations like 24 or 48 hours suggest prolonged labor, while 6 hours is more typical of multiparas.

Question 27

Which of the following contraceptive device is inserted by doctor or trained nurse in the uterus through the vagina?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Copper-T is an intrauterine device (IUD) that is placed inside the uterine cavity via the vagina and cervix by a trained clinician. A diaphragm is a barrier method positioned in the vagina to cover the cervix and is inserted by the user, not into the uterus. "Valut" is not a recognized contraceptive device. Therefore, the correct choice is the Cu-T.

Question 28

Female gamete is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The female gamete is the ovum (egg). The sperm is the male gamete. After a sperm fertilizes an ovum, the resulting cell is a zygote, which later develops into an embryo. Therefore, the correct term for the female gamete is ovum.

Question 29

The first milk secreted after delivery is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Colostrum is the thick, yellow milk produced in the first days postpartum. It is high in immunoglobulins, protein, and minerals and provides passive immunity and a laxative effect to help clear meconium. Transitional milk comes next, followed by mature milk. Foremilk refers to the initial portion of a mature feeding, not the first milk after delivery.

Question 30

The permanent method of contraception for females is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tubectomy (female sterilization) permanently blocks the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization and is considered a permanent method for women. Vasectomy is the permanent option for males. Condoms are barrier methods and fully reversible. An IUCD is long-acting but reversible when removed.

Question 31

The most common type of placenta previa is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Placenta previa is classified by how the placental edge relates to the internal cervical os. The low-lying type (historically Type I) lies in the lower uterine segment but does not reach the os, and it is the most frequently observed on mid‑pregnancy ultrasound. Many cases resolve as the uterus expands, which is why they are commonly encountered. Complete/central previa is less common but carries the greatest hemorrhage risk.

Question 32

What is not a reproduction-related problem?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Sexually transmitted diseases, abortion, and infertility are directly related to human reproductive health and outcomes. Global warming is an environmental and climate issue rather than a specific reproductive health problem. While climate change can indirectly influence health, it is not classified as a reproduction-related condition. Therefore, the option not related to reproduction problems is global warming.

Question 33

The active phase of labour occurs in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Labour is divided into stages; the first stage extends from onset of true labor to full cervical dilation and is subdivided into latent, active, and transition phases. The active phase is characterized by more frequent, stronger contractions and rapid cervical dilation. The second stage extends from full dilation to delivery of the fetus, and the third stage involves placental delivery. Therefore, the active phase belongs to the first stage.

Question 34

Oligohydramnios is defined when AFI (Amniotic Fluid Index) is less than?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Oligohydramnios is diagnosed when the amniotic fluid index measured by ultrasound is less than 5 cm. AFI values between 5 and 24 cm are considered normal, with values below 5 indicating significantly reduced fluid volume. Thus, 5 cm is the diagnostic cut-off.

Question 35

A bifid scrotum is associated with?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A bifid scrotum results from incomplete fusion of the labioscrotal folds during development. This same ventral fusion defect commonly accompanies hypospadias, in which the urethral meatus opens on the ventral surface of the penis and may be associated with chordee. Epispadias is a dorsal defect typically linked with bladder exstrophy, not bifid scrotum. Hydrocele and inguinal hernia do not cause scrotal bifidity.

Question 36

The part of fetus that first enters the pelvic inlet is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The fetal part that first enters the pelvic inlet is termed the presenting part, and the overall descriptor is fetal presentation. Attitude refers to the degree of flexion or extension of the fetal head and limbs. Position describes the relationship of the presenting part to the maternal pelvis (e.g., LOA). Lie indicates the relationship of the fetal long axis to the maternal long axis.

Question 37

Vasectomy is a surgical procedure done on?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vasectomy is a male sterilization procedure that involves cutting, sealing, or occluding the vas deferens to prevent sperm from entering the ejaculate. This blocks sperm transport from the testes to the urethra while preserving hormone production and ejaculation. The uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes are female reproductive organs and are not involved in vasectomy.

Question 38

Postnatal period is the period after?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The postnatal (puerperium) period begins immediately after childbirth, following the delivery of the baby and placenta, and typically extends for about six weeks. During this time the mother’s body undergoes physiologic changes such as uterine involution and lactation. It does not start at conception, at the onset of labor, or with menstruation.

Question 39

Placenta accreta leads to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Placenta accreta is abnormal adherence of the placenta to the myometrium due to defective decidua basalis. After delivery, the placenta fails to separate, resulting in a retained placenta and severe postpartum hemorrhage. Uterine inversion is typically related to excessive cord traction on a fundal placenta, and uterine rupture usually involves scar dehiscence or trauma. Ectopic pregnancy is unrelated.

Question 40

Embryo implants in which part of the Uterus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Implantation occurs when the blastocyst embeds into the decidualized endometrium (specifically the decidua basalis), which supplies nutrients and later forms part of the placenta. The perimetrium is the outer serosal layer and not suitable for implantation. The myometrium is the muscular layer of the uterus and does not support implantation. The cervix is the lower uterine segment; implantation there would be an abnormal cervical pregnancy.

Question 41

A condition in which blood pressure is elevated over 140/90 mm of Hg after 36 weeks of pregnancy is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Preeclampsia is new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks’ gestation (≥140/90 mm Hg) with proteinuria or signs of end-organ dysfunction. The stem describes elevated blood pressure late in pregnancy, which is most consistent with this disorder. Eclampsia adds seizures to preeclampsia. Essential hypertension is chronic and predates pregnancy, and hyperemesis gravidarum is severe vomiting, not hypertension.

Question 42

The most common type of episiotomy is-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mediolateral episiotomy, most commonly performed on the right side, is widely used because it provides adequate space while minimizing the risk of extension into the anal sphincter and rectum compared with a median incision. It is the preferred technique in many obstetric settings, particularly in the UK and India. J-shaped and lateral incisions are rarely used due to higher bleeding and muscle trauma risks.

Question 43

The uterine cycle is regulated by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The uterine (endometrial) cycle is controlled by the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis. Pulsatile GnRH from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH. These pituitary gonadotropins regulate ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone, which drive the proliferative and secretory phases of the endometrium. Therefore, all three levels contribute to regulation.

Question 44

Which hormone prepares the uterus for pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Progesterone, produced by the corpus luteum, converts the endometrium to a secretory state, increasing glandular secretions and vascularity to support implantation. It also reduces myometrial contractility, helping maintain early pregnancy. Estrogen mainly proliferates the endometrium, while LH triggers ovulation and FSH stimulates follicular growth.

Question 45

A zygote develops in the female...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: After fertilization in the fallopian tube, the zygote travels to the uterus and implants into the endometrium, where embryonic and fetal development occurs. The placenta forms later within the uterine lining to support the fetus. The ovary produces oocytes but is not the site of development, and the vagina functions as the birth canal.

Question 46

The placenta carries ____ and ____ from mother to baby?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The placenta facilitates maternal-fetal exchange through the chorionic villi, delivering oxygen and nutrients from maternal blood to the fetus. It does not transfer structures like hair, nails, blood cells, or bones; these develop within the fetus. It also returns fetal carbon dioxide and wastes to the mother. Therefore, the correct pair is food and oxygen.

Question 47

Uterus is also called ________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The uterus is commonly referred to as the womb, the organ where implantation and fetal development occur. The vagina is the muscular canal leading from the cervix to the exterior. The cervix is the lower narrow portion of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Ovaries are gonads that produce ova and hormones, not the uterus itself.

Question 48

First milk ejected from breast after the birth of the baby is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The first milk produced postpartum is called colostrum. It is a thick, yellowish secretion rich in immunoglobulin A, leukocytes, and growth factors that provide passive immunity and promote neonatal gut maturation. Colostrum precedes the transition to mature breast milk during the first few days after birth.

Question 49

Fertilization takes place in fallopian tube in the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In humans, fertilization most commonly occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube, the widest segment where the ovum and capacitated sperm are most likely to meet. The ampullary environment supports sperm–oocyte interaction and early zygote development before transport to the uterus. The infundibulum and fimbriae mainly capture the ovulated oocyte, while the isthmus is a narrow conduit to the uterus, not the typical site of fertilization.

Question 50

Gynecology is the study of ...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gynecology is the medical specialty concerned with diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system (vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries). It focuses on diagnosis, treatment, and preventive care for women’s reproductive health. This contrasts with obstetrics, which centers on pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, the best answer is women disease.

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