Question 1

Withdrawal method is also known as _____?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The withdrawal method involves removing the penis from the vagina prior to ejaculation to prevent sperm deposition and is termed coitus interruptus. The 'safe period' refers to the rhythm method based on fertility awareness, not withdrawal. IUCD is a device-based contraceptive, and tubectomy is permanent female sterilization. Therefore, the correct term for the withdrawal method is coitus interruptus.

Question 2

The earliest sign of pre-eclampsia is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Preeclampsia is defined by new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks’ gestation with proteinuria or signs of end-organ dysfunction. Elevated blood pressure is typically the earliest objective sign detected on prenatal visits. Proteinuria and edema develop later as renal and endothelial involvement progresses. Headache is a severe feature that occurs with more advanced disease.

Question 3

Placenta accreta means placenta is abnormally adherent to the myometrium?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Placenta accreta refers to abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall due to absence or deficiency of the decidua basalis, causing chorionic villi to attach directly to the myometrium. In accreta, villi adhere but do not deeply invade muscle (increta) or penetrate through it (percreta). Thus, describing it as abnormally adherent to the myometrium is correct.

Question 4

The male sexual response cycle includes all except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The male sexual response cycle, as described by Masters and Johnson, consists of excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Menstruation is a component of the female menstrual cycle, not a phase of the male sexual response. Therefore, menstruation is the exception among the listed options.

Question 5

The average blood loss during normal vaginal delivery is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Normal estimated blood loss for a vaginal delivery is approximately 500 mL. Postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal birth is defined as blood loss greater than 500 mL. About 1000 mL is more typical of cesarean delivery, and 100–200 mL is below the expected average for a vaginal birth.

Question 6

Succenturiate lobe is an accessory lobe of placenta?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A succenturiate lobe is a small accessory placental lobe separated from the main placenta. It is connected to the main disk by membranes containing fetal vessels. This variant increases the risk of retained placental tissue and postpartum hemorrhage, and if vessels traverse the cervix, vasa previa can occur.

Question 7

Ambiguous genitalia in newborn is also called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ambiguous genitalia refers to external genitalia that do not appear clearly male or female at birth, classically termed an intersex condition or disorder of sex development (DSD). Epispadias is a congenital malposition of the urethral opening and does not imply ambiguous sex differentiation. Hernia and hydrocele are scrotal or inguinal conditions unrelated to sexual differentiation. Therefore, the correct term is intersex condition.

Question 8

Commonest complication of PPH is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Postpartum hemorrhage results in significant acute blood loss, and the most frequent sequela is anemia due to depletion of red cell mass and iron stores. Clinically this leads to fatigue, pallor, and reduced exercise tolerance in the puerperium. Diabetes and epilepsy are unrelated to hemorrhage, and hypertension is not a typical direct complication of PPH. Therefore, anemia is the commonest complication.

Question 9

Fertilization occurs in ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In humans, fertilization typically occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube, where the ovulated oocyte meets capacitated sperm. The resulting zygote then undergoes cleavage as it travels to the uterus for implantation. Fertilization does not occur in the vagina or pelvis, and implantation—not fertilization—occurs in the uterus.

Question 10

The period of pregnancy is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gestation is the term for the duration of pregnancy from conception to birth. Ovulation refers to the release of an ovum from the ovary, which precedes pregnancy. Lactation is milk production after delivery. Fertilization is the union of sperm and egg, the event that initiates but is not the duration of pregnancy.

Question 11

Vasectomy involves cutting of _____?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A vasectomy is a male sterilization procedure in which each vas deferens is cut and sealed to prevent sperm from entering the ejaculate. This blocks sperm transport from the testes to the urethra while ejaculation and testosterone production remain unaffected. The fallopian tube is a female structure, the urethra is not cut in vasectomy, and the penis is not surgically divided.

Question 12

When is a woman's cervix fully dilated?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Full cervical dilation in labor is 10 cm, which allows the fetal head to pass through the cervix. Dilation from 0–10 cm marks the progress of the first stage of labor, with 8–10 cm representing the transition phase but not yet fully dilated. Values such as 2 cm and 4 cm are early labor, and 8 cm is near-complete but not complete. Therefore, full dilation is 10 cm.

Question 13

What is the most common site for Ectopic pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The fallopian tube is the most common implantation site for ectopic pregnancy, accounting for the large majority of cases. Tubal implantation most often occurs in the ampullary portion where fertilization typically happens, and impaired tubal transport (e.g., scarring or dysfunction) predisposes to implantation before reaching the uterus. Ovarian and cervical ectopic pregnancies occur much less frequently, and a uterine implantation is not considered ectopic.

Question 14

At how many weeks of gestation, uterus reaches the level of umbilicus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fundal height landmarks are used to estimate gestational age: around 12 weeks the uterus is just above the symphysis pubis, and by about 20 weeks the uterine fundus typically reaches the level of the umbilicus. After 20 weeks, fundal height in centimeters roughly correlates with gestational weeks (±2 cm). Therefore, 20 weeks is the best answer among the options provided.

Question 15

A doctor treating a woman during her pregnancy period is known as ---?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An obstetrician is a physician who specializes in the care of pregnant people, including prenatal care, management of labor and delivery, and postpartum care. A cardiologist focuses on heart disease, and a pediatrician treats infants and children rather than managing pregnancy. An oncologist treats cancer and is not the primary specialist for routine pregnancy care.

Question 16

Normal Age range for Menarche?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Menarche (first menstruation) most commonly occurs around age 12–13, but the normal physiologic range is broader, typically about 10–16 years. Ages earlier than 10 or later than 16 raise concern for precocious or delayed puberty and warrant evaluation based on clinical context. Among the choices, 10–16 years best captures the accepted normal range.

Question 17

In which organ Sertoli cells are found?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Sertoli cells are supporting ("nurse") cells located within the seminiferous tubules of the testes, where they aid spermatogenesis. They provide structural and nutritional support to developing germ cells and form the blood-testis barrier via tight junctions. Sertoli cells also secrete inhibin and androgen-binding protein in response to FSH and testosterone, respectively, reinforcing their testicular location.

Question 18

Caput succedaneum is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Caput succedaneum is a diffuse, pitting edema of the newborn scalp caused by pressure during labor (often over the presenting part). Because it is superficial (above the periosteum), it is not limited by cranial suture lines and therefore crosses sutures and midline. This contrasts with cephalhematoma, which is a subperiosteal bleed that does not cross suture lines. It is generally benign and resolves spontaneously over days.

Question 19

The usual insertion of the umbilical cord on the placenta is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The most common (usual) placental cord insertion is slightly off-center, termed eccentric insertion. Central insertion can occur but is less common than eccentric. Marginal (battledore) and velamentous insertions are abnormal variants associated with higher risk of complications such as vessel compression or vasa previa (velamentous). Therefore, eccentric is the best answer.

Question 20

The full form of NFP is _______?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: NFP most commonly stands for Natural Family Planning, a group of fertility awareness-based methods used to avoid or achieve pregnancy by identifying the fertile window. It relies on observing physiologic signs such as cervical mucus changes, basal body temperature shifts, and/or cycle tracking. The other options are not standard, widely accepted expansions of the acronym in reproductive health education.

Question 21

The fertilization of ovum in Female take place in the ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In humans, fertilization most commonly occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube (oviduct), where the ovulated oocyte meets sperm. The uterus is primarily the site of implantation and fetal development after fertilization. The vagina and cervix function mainly as passageways for sperm entry and are not the typical sites of fertilization.

Question 22

The major risk of untreated cryptorchidism is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cryptorchidism (undescended testis) exposes the testicular tissue to higher-than-scrotal temperatures, which damages germ cells and impairs spermatogenesis, increasing the risk of infertility if untreated. It also increases the risk of testicular malignancy and torsion, but among the listed options infertility is the key major long-term complication. The other options (heart defect, liver cirrhosis, diabetes) are not typical direct risks of cryptorchidism.

Question 23

The average blood loss in normal delivery?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In an uncomplicated vaginal (normal) delivery, average estimated blood loss is about 500 mL. This value is also used as the threshold for defining postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal birth (>500 mL). Lower amounts like 250 mL are more typical of minimal bleeding, whereas 1000 mL aligns more with cesarean delivery thresholds or significant hemorrhage. Therefore, 500 mL is the best answer.

Question 24

A short umbilical cord is associated with?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A short umbilical cord can limit fetal movement and create excessive traction on the placenta during labor and delivery. This traction increases the risk of premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, i.e., placental abruption. Cord prolapse is more classically associated with a long cord and malpresentation rather than a short cord. Preterm labor and post-term pregnancy are not the typical direct associations of a short cord.

Question 25

Vernix caseosa is secreted by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vernix caseosa is a white, greasy protective coating on the fetal skin that is produced primarily by fetal sebaceous gland secretions mixed with desquamated epithelial cells. It helps protect fetal skin from maceration in amniotic fluid and provides a barrier against irritants and microbes. Amniotic fluid may contain vernix, but it is not the source. Sweat glands and the placenta are not responsible for producing vernix caseosa.

Question 26

True conjugate can be measured by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The true (anatomical/obstetric) conjugate is the anteroposterior diameter from the sacral promontory to the upper border of the symphysis pubis and cannot be directly reached and measured on vaginal examination. Clinically, the diagonal conjugate is measured per vaginum and the obstetric conjugate is estimated from it by subtraction. Imaging may allow pelvic measurements, but the standard teaching is that direct measurement of the true conjugate is not possible, so the best answer is D.

Question 27

Polyhydramnios is commonly associated with?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Polyhydramnios is most commonly linked to conditions that impair fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid or increase fluid production. Anencephaly is associated with absent/ineffective fetal swallowing, leading to accumulation of amniotic fluid and polyhydramnios. In contrast, renal agenesis and oliguria decrease fetal urine output and are classically associated with oligohydramnios. Intrauterine growth restriction is not a typical primary association with polyhydramnios.

Question 28

Fertilization occurs in ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In humans, fertilization most commonly occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian (uterine) tube, where sperm meet the ovulated oocyte. The zygote then begins cleavage as it travels toward the uterus for implantation. The uterus is primarily the site of implantation and fetal development, not initial fertilization, and fertilization does not occur in the vagina or the pelvis as a general location.

Question 29

IUCD insertion is best done during?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: IUCD insertion is commonly preferred during the menstrual phase because the cervix is slightly dilated and softer, making insertion easier and reducing the chance of cervical trauma. Menstruation also provides reassurance that the client is not pregnant at the time of insertion. In addition, the uterine cavity and cervical canal may be more accessible, which can reduce insertion difficulty and discomfort compared with other cycle phases.

Question 30

Fertilization Occurs In?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In humans, fertilization most commonly occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube, where the ovulated oocyte meets capacitated sperm. After fertilization, the resulting zygote undergoes early cell divisions as it travels toward the uterus. Implantation occurs later in the uterine endometrium, not in the vagina or general pelvic cavity.

Question 31

The safest period for induced abortion (MTP) is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Induced abortion is generally safest in the first trimester because the pregnancy is smaller and the cervix requires less dilation, leading to lower risks of hemorrhage, uterine perforation, and infection. As gestational age advances, both procedural complexity and complication rates increase. Therefore, the safest period among the options is up to 12 weeks.

Question 32

Which of the following is a positive sign of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Positive (diagnostic) signs of pregnancy are those that directly confirm the presence of a fetus, such as visualization of the fetus on ultrasound (or fetal heart tones by Doppler). Fetal movement felt by the mother (quickening) is a presumptive sign because it is subjective and can be mistaken for gas. A positive pregnancy test and uterine enlargement are probable signs because they suggest pregnancy but can occur with other conditions (e.g., hCG-producing tumors, fibroids). Therefore, ultrasound visualization is the single best answer.

Question 33

The normal umbilical cord contains?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A normal umbilical cord has three vessels: two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus, while the two arteries return deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta. A single umbilical artery is an abnormal finding and can be associated with congenital anomalies, which is why the normal configuration is emphasized.

Question 34

The best time to insert Copper-T is _____?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Copper-T (a copper IUD) is commonly inserted during menstruation because the cervix is naturally slightly dilated, which facilitates easier insertion and reduces discomfort. Menstrual bleeding also increases confidence that the client is not pregnant at the time of insertion. Inserting during ovulation is avoided due to higher chance of an unrecognized early pregnancy and greater cervical mucus-related discomfort. “After delivery” can be appropriate in specific postpartum timing (e.g., post-placental or postpartum), but the question asks the single best general time, which is during menses.

Question 35

Which of the following is a complication of septic abortion?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Septic abortion is an infected abortion that can progress to systemic infection (sepsis) and hemodynamic collapse (septic shock) due to bacterial toxins and inflammatory response. Infection can ascend to cause endometritis/salpingitis and lead to tubal scarring or intrauterine adhesions, increasing risk of subsequent infertility. Because shock, sepsis, and infertility are all recognized complications, the best answer is "All of the above.

Question 36

Absence of one umbilical artery is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A normal umbilical cord contains two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. When one of the umbilical arteries is absent, the condition is termed a single umbilical artery (SUA). The other options describe different cord abnormalities (short cord length, cord prolapse, or cord entanglement) rather than absence of an artery. SUA is clinically relevant because it can be associated with fetal structural anomalies and growth restriction.

Question 37

What is the full form of DUB?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: DUB is the standard medical abbreviation for dysfunctional uterine bleeding, referring to abnormal uterine bleeding without an identifiable structural or systemic cause (historically often due to ovulatory dysfunction). The other options are not recognized expansions of the abbreviation in gynecology terminology. Therefore, "Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding" is the single best answer.

Question 38

Painful menstruation is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for painful menstruation, typically due to uterine contractions mediated by prostaglandins. Amenorrhea refers to absence of menses, not pain. Menopause is permanent cessation of menstruation, and ovulation is the release of an egg; neither term specifically denotes painful periods.

Question 39

Engagement of head means?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Engagement refers to the fetal biparietal diameter passing through the maternal pelvic inlet (pelvic brim), meaning the presenting part has descended to the level of the ischial spines or lower. This indicates the head has entered the pelvic brim, not that it has already been delivered. Flexion and rotation are separate cardinal movements of labor and do not define engagement.

Question 40

Formation of corpus luteum takes place under the influence of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: After ovulation, the LH surge causes luteinization of the ruptured Graafian follicle, converting granulosa and theca cells into the corpus luteum. LH also supports early corpus luteum function and stimulates progesterone secretion. FSH primarily drives follicular growth, while estrogen and progesterone are ovarian hormones produced during the cycle rather than the main trigger for corpus luteum formation.

Question 41

In vertex presentation, the ideal position is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In a vertex (cephalic) presentation, the most favorable fetal position for vaginal birth is occipito-anterior, especially left occipito-anterior (LOA). LOA aligns the fetal head for optimal flexion and rotation through the maternal pelvis, typically resulting in easier descent and labor progress. Occipito-posterior and transverse positions are associated with more difficult rotation and prolonged labor, and face presentation is not a vertex presentation.

Question 42

Inflammation Of Testes Is Known As?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Inflammation of the testes is termed orchitis (commonly spelled “orchitis”; the option provided is a misspelling as “Orechitis”). Cystitis refers to inflammation of the urinary bladder, otitis refers to inflammation of the ear, and oophoritis refers to inflammation of the ovaries. Therefore, the best match for inflammation of testes is orchitis.

Question 43

Surgical correction of hypospadias is usually done at age?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hypospadias repair is typically scheduled in infancy, most commonly between 6 and 18 months of age. This timing allows adequate penile growth and tissue size for reconstruction while minimizing psychological impact and facilitating normal development of voiding and later sexual function. Surgery is not done immediately at birth in routine cases, and delaying until after puberty is generally avoided due to higher complication rates and psychosocial considerations.

Question 44

Where does fertilization occur in human females?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In humans, fertilization most commonly occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube (oviduct), where the ovulated oocyte meets sperm. The uterus is primarily the site of implantation and fetal development after the fertilized embryo travels from the tube. The cervix functions mainly as the lower uterine opening and mucus barrier/transport pathway, not the typical site of fertilization.

Question 45

The hormone responsible for ovulation is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ovulation is triggered by a mid-cycle surge of luteinizing hormone (LH), which induces rupture of the dominant ovarian follicle and release of the oocyte. FSH primarily supports follicular growth earlier in the follicular phase rather than directly causing ovulation. Estrogen rises pre-ovulation and helps create the positive feedback that precipitates the LH surge. Progesterone predominates after ovulation from the corpus luteum to prepare and maintain the endometrium.

Question 46

Four T’s of PPH are?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The classic etiologies of postpartum hemorrhage are summarized as the “4 T’s”: uterine atony (Tone), genital tract laceration/uterine rupture (Trauma), retained products of conception (Tissue), and coagulation disorders (Thrombin). This mnemonic guides rapid assessment because these categories cover the most common and dangerous causes of PPH. The other options include nonstandard terms (e.g., tenderness, time, test, tumor) and omit key causes like coagulopathy or retained tissue.

Question 47

The safest analgesia during labour is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Epidural analgesia is generally considered the safest and most effective method for pain relief during labor because it provides excellent analgesia with the mother remaining awake and able to participate in delivery. Compared with general anesthesia and heavy sedation, it causes far less maternal airway/aspiration risk and less neonatal respiratory depression. Spinal anesthesia produces a denser, faster block and is more commonly used for cesarean delivery rather than routine labor analgesia due to higher risk of sudden hypotension and limited duration.

Question 48

Anti-partum haemorrhage is caused by the following EXCEPT;?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Antepartum hemorrhage is classically caused by placenta previa, placental abruption, or trauma to the genital tract/uterus. Abnormal fetal presentation (e.g., breech, transverse lie) is associated with labor complications such as obstructed labor or cord prolapse rather than being a primary cause of bleeding before delivery. Therefore it is the exception among the listed options. The other options are established etiologies of bleeding in late pregnancy.

Question 49

The surgical procedure done for cryptorchidism is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cryptorchidism is an undescended testis, and the definitive surgical management is orchidopexy, which mobilizes and fixes the testis into the scrotum. This reduces future risks such as subfertility and testicular malignancy compared with leaving the testis undescended. The other options refer to removal of a kidney (nephrectomy), removal of the bladder (cystectomy), or repair of a hernia (herniorrhaphy), none of which directly treat cryptorchidism.

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Withdrawal method is also known as _____?

The earliest sign of pre-eclampsia is?

Placenta accreta means placenta is abnormally adherent to the myometrium?

The male sexual response cycle includes all except?

The average blood loss during normal vaginal delivery is?

Succenturiate lobe is an accessory lobe of placenta?

Ambiguous genitalia in newborn is also called?

Commonest complication of PPH is?

Fertilization occurs in ?

The period of pregnancy is called?

Vasectomy involves cutting of _____?

When is a woman's cervix fully dilated?

What is the most common site for Ectopic pregnancy?

At how many weeks of gestation, uterus reaches the level of umbilicus?

A doctor treating a woman during her pregnancy period is known as ---?

Normal Age range for Menarche?

In which organ Sertoli cells are found?

Caput succedaneum is?

The usual insertion of the umbilical cord on the placenta is?

The full form of NFP is _______?

The fertilization of ovum in Female take place in the ?

The major risk of untreated cryptorchidism is?

The average blood loss in normal delivery?

A short umbilical cord is associated with?

Vernix caseosa is secreted by?

True conjugate can be measured by?

Polyhydramnios is commonly associated with?

Fertilization occurs in ?

IUCD insertion is best done during?

Fertilization Occurs In?

The safest period for induced abortion (MTP) is?

Which of the following is a positive sign of pregnancy?

The normal umbilical cord contains?

The best time to insert Copper-T is _____?

Which of the following is a complication of septic abortion?

Absence of one umbilical artery is called?

What is the full form of DUB?

Painful menstruation is called?

Engagement of head means?

Formation of corpus luteum takes place under the influence of?

In vertex presentation, the ideal position is?

Inflammation Of Testes Is Known As?

Surgical correction of hypospadias is usually done at age?

Where does fertilization occur in human females?

The hormone responsible for ovulation is?

Four T’s of PPH are?

The safest analgesia during labour is?

Anti-partum haemorrhage is caused by the following EXCEPT;?

The surgical procedure done for cryptorchidism is called?

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