Question 1

Community-based practice means providing care to people in their natural environments: the home, school and workplace, for example. 3. Population-focused nursing practice requires which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: D. Community diagnosis Population-focused nursing is centered on assessing and addressing the health needs of aggregates and communities rather than individual clients. Community diagnosis is the structured identification of community health problems, risks, and strengths using epidemiologic data and community assessment, which then guides planning and interventions at the population level. The nursing process is more commonly framed for individual/family care, while community organizing/process are methods that may support interventions but are not the defining requirement for population-focused practice.
Category reason: This tests foundational concepts in community/population-focused nursing and the core framework used to identify community-level health needs, fitting best under Basic Concepts & Foundations rather than a bedside nursing intervention domain.

Question 2

"Public health services are given free of charge." Is this statement true or false?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: B. The statement is false; people pay indirectly for public health services. Public health programs are commonly funded through taxation or mandatory insurance contributions, so individuals typically contribute even when services are delivered without point-of-care charges. “Free of charge” at the moment of service does not mean the service is costless to society. Understanding how public services are financed is key to interpreting health policy and resource allocation.
Category reason: This item tests foundational understanding of public health financing and how services are funded (taxation/pooled funds), which fits Basic Concepts & Foundations rather than bedside nursing decision-making.

Question 3

According to C.E. Winslow, which of the following is the goal of Public Health?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Winslow’s classic definition frames public health as the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized community efforts, aiming at conditions in which people can be healthy. The overarching goal expressed is enabling the population to achieve health and longevity as a fundamental right. The other options are important public health activities or strategies (health promotion, prevention, access, education) but are not the central goal statement in Winslow’s phrasing.
Category reason: This tests a foundational public health concept/definition (Winslow’s goal statement) rather than a bedside nursing intervention or prioritization, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 4

Which needle is commonly used for intramuscular injections?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Intramuscular injections typically require a needle with a gauge large enough to deliver medication into muscle tissue with appropriate flow while minimizing tissue trauma. A 21–23 gauge needle is commonly used for adult IM injections depending on medication viscosity and patient body habitus. Larger-bore needles like 18–20G are more typical for rapid fluid delivery or drawing up viscous solutions, not routine IM administration. Very small gauges such as 25–27G or 30G are more commonly used for subcutaneous or intradermal injections.
Category reason: This question tests general injection equipment knowledge (appropriate needle gauge for IM administration), which is a foundational clinical skills concept rather than a patient-specific nursing judgment scenario.

Question 5

Which individual in a practical/vocational nursing class would be identified as a traditional adult learner?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Traditional adult learners are typically younger and more likely to have recently transitioned from formal schooling, so they are familiar with structured academic routines and expectations. In contrast, nontraditional adult learners are often older, may have been out of school for years, and commonly balance education with family and work responsibilities. Therefore, the early-20s student best matches the “traditional” learner profile among the choices.
Category reason: This item tests foundational concepts about learner characteristics and educational theory rather than clinical nursing interventions, prioritization, or safety decisions, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 6

A student enrolled in an LPN/LVN program states, “I’m fresh out of high school and living alone for the first time in my life. I’m learning how to take care of myself as well as learning a trade for my patients.” This statement identifies the student as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: a. a traditional adult learner. The student is transitioning directly from high school into vocational nursing education and is simultaneously developing independent living skills, which is characteristic of a traditional (younger) learner rather than someone returning after years away. A returning adult learner typically has significant life and work experience and re-enters formal education later. Nothing in the statement suggests psychological distress requiring counseling, and the student is clearly engaged in formal education rather than unaccustomed to it.
Category reason: This item tests foundational concepts in nursing education/learner characteristics rather than bedside clinical judgment or patient-care interventions, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 7

A nursing student states, “I have taken advantage of informal learning experiences.” Another student asks, “Could you give me an example?” The best example of an informal learning experience is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Informal learning is unstructured, experiential learning that occurs through daily life activities rather than through organized coursework. Providing care to a family member builds practical skills and understanding through real-world experience without formal objectives, instructors, or academic credit. The other options describe structured, planned educational activities that are characteristic of formal education.
Category reason: This item tests understanding of learning types (informal vs formal education) within professional development concepts rather than a patient-care decision, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 8

Which allied professional can undertake emergency roles after undergoing specific training?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Paramedics are allied health professionals specifically trained to provide prehospital emergency assessment, resuscitation, stabilization, and transport of acutely ill or injured patients. Their scope routinely includes emergency interventions (e.g., airway management, CPR, defibrillation, medication administration) following defined protocols and additional credentialing where required. In contrast, radiographers, pharmacists, and sport rehabilitation specialists are not primarily educated or licensed for frontline emergency response roles, even though they may contribute in emergencies within their own settings.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge about allied health professional roles and scope of practice rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization decision, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 9

All but one of the following is not a measure of Central Tendency?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Measures of central tendency describe the center of a distribution (mean, median, and mode). Standard deviation, variance, and range instead quantify variability/dispersion around the center. Therefore, among the listed choices, only one belongs to central tendency, while the others are measures of spread. Despite the stem’s awkward wording, the best single answer is the central-tendency measure.
Category reason: This question tests foundational statistics used in research/EBP rather than bedside nursing actions, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 10

In Quantitative data, which of the following is described as the distance from the highest to the lower variable from the series?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The measure defined as the distance between the maximum and minimum values in a dataset is the range. It quantifies the spread by subtracting the lowest observation from the highest observation. Mean and median describe central tendency rather than dispersion, and frequency is a count of occurrences.
Category reason: This item tests basic statistical definitions used in healthcare research and nursing fundamentals rather than a direct patient-care intervention, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 11

Five teaspoon is equivalent to-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A standard teaspoon (tsp) is approximately 5 mL. Therefore, five teaspoons equal 5 mL × 5 = 25 mL. Among the options provided, 25 mL is the correct conversion, so the keyed option appears mismatched to standard measurement equivalents.
Category reason: This item tests basic measurement conversion (teaspoon to milliliters), a foundational calculation skill rather than a patient-care decision, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 12

Maximum APGAR score is.?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The APGAR score evaluates five domains (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration), each scored 0–2. The highest possible total is therefore 2 points × 5 categories. A total of 7–10 generally indicates good neonatal adaptation immediately after birth, with 10 being the maximum achievable score.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of the APGAR scoring system and its maximum possible value, which is a basic clinical concept rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization scenario.

Question 13

The first attempt to elevate nursing as a profession by enriching and broadening the preparation of nurses and by educating them in University setting is an idea conceived by.?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: c. Florence Nightingale She strongly advocated formal education and professionalization of nursing, helping shift nursing from informal training toward organized, theory-informed preparation. Her work established standards for nursing training and emphasized systematic instruction, which later supported integration of nursing education into more formal academic settings. The other options are notable in nursing history but are not the primary originators of the early push toward professional nursing education in this context.
Category reason: This item tests nursing history and foundational concepts about the professionalization and education of nurses rather than a bedside clinical judgment, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 14

The nurse providing family-centered care in a hospital setting reflects on the focus of the health care provided in today’s society. Which statement best describes the current definition of health?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This reflects the widely accepted WHO definition, emphasizing multidimensional wellness rather than only the presence or absence of disease. The “absence of disease” definition is outdated and too narrow for modern, holistic health care. Mortality and morbidity describe population health indicators, not the definition of health for an individual. Equity in technological gains is a health policy goal, not a definition of health.
Category reason: This item tests a foundational definition used across nursing and public health theory rather than a specific bedside intervention, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 15

Incidence of disease is considered as-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Incidence measures the occurrence of newly developed cases of a disease in a population over a specified period of time, reflecting the risk of developing the disease. Counting existing (prevalent) cases would inflate the measure and instead corresponds to prevalence. Denominator and multiplier are components used to calculate rates, but they are not what incidence itself represents. Therefore, it is defined by new cases during the time interval.
Category reason: This question tests an epidemiology/public health definition (incidence vs prevalence and rate components), which is a foundational concept rather than a bedside nursing intervention, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 16

The type of nursing care assignment best suited in an intensive care unit is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: ICU patients are highly acute and unstable, requiring holistic, continuous, and closely coordinated care. Case (total patient care) assignment enables one nurse to provide comprehensive care for one or a small number of critically ill clients during a shift, improving continuity and rapid response to changing conditions. Functional nursing fragments tasks and increases risk from missed cues, while team nursing can be effective but may reduce the tight continuity and single-nurse accountability often preferred for critical care.
Category reason: This question tests foundational concepts of nursing care delivery/assignment models (functional, case/total patient care, primary nursing, team nursing), which fits Basic Concepts & Foundations rather than a specific patient-care intervention scenario.

Question 17

"Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity". This was stated by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: D. World Health Organization This definition is the classic WHO formulation from the preamble to its constitution (1946), emphasizing holistic well-being rather than only absence of illness. It is widely used in public health and nursing foundations to frame health as multidimensional. The other agencies/organizations listed are not the originators of this specific canonical wording.
Category reason: This item tests foundational knowledge about standard definitions of health used in nursing and public health rather than a clinical nursing action or patient-care decision.

Question 18

The name of the nursing diagnosis is linked to the etiology with the phrase?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In standard nursing diagnostic statements (PES format), the problem (diagnostic label) is connected to the etiology by “related to,” which identifies the contributing factors that nursing interventions can address. “As manifested by” and “evidenced by” are used to link the problem to defining characteristics/signs and symptoms. “Due to” is more typical of medical causation language and is not the conventional connector for nursing diagnoses.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of nursing diagnosis structure and terminology (PES format), which fits Basic Concepts & Foundations rather than a patient-care decision scenario.

Question 19

Phases of nursing process are _____?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The nursing process is classically described as ADPIE: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Among the given options, only planning and assessment are true phases; the item asks for a phase, so one correct selection is required. Separation and communication are not recognized as formal phases of the nursing process in standard nursing frameworks.
Category reason: This tests foundational knowledge of the standard nursing process steps (ADPIE), which is a core nursing theory/framework concept rather than a patient-specific clinical judgment task.

Question 20

Which instrument is used to check blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blood pressure is measured by occluding an artery with an inflatable cuff and then determining systolic and diastolic pressures as the cuff deflates. This cuff-and-gauge device is specifically designed for that purpose, typically used with auscultation over the brachial artery (manual) or oscillometric sensing (automatic). A thermometer measures temperature, a stethoscope amplifies internal body sounds but does not measure pressure by itself, and a pulse oximeter estimates oxygen saturation and pulse rate.
Category reason: This tests identification of a basic clinical instrument and what it measures, which fits foundational nursing/healthcare equipment knowledge rather than a patient-care decision pathway.

Question 21

Color of bio-medical waste bag for infected plastic articles is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In biomedical waste segregation, contaminated recyclable items such as infected plastic articles (e.g., IV tubing, catheters, syringes without needles) are placed in the red bag for collection and subsequent treatment (commonly disinfection/autoclaving) prior to recycling or disposal. Yellow is generally reserved for soiled waste and anatomical waste requiring incineration or deep burial. Blue is used for glassware/metallic implants depending on local rules, and black is typically for general/non-infectious waste (or is not used under some updated regulations).
Category reason: This tests foundational knowledge of biomedical waste segregation and color-coding systems used in healthcare settings, which is a basic nursing/healthcare foundation concept rather than a patient-specific clinical decision.

Question 22

Which is not a vital sign?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vital signs are core physiologic measurements used for rapid assessment of immediate cardiopulmonary and thermoregulatory status (typically temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, and blood pressure). These values can change quickly and guide urgent clinical decisions. Weight is an important baseline and trending metric for nutrition, fluid balance, and medication dosing, but it is not categorized as a vital sign in standard clinical practice.
Category reason: This item tests foundational definitions of standard clinical measurements rather than requiring a nursing intervention or prioritization decision, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 23

The site for IM injection in adults is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: IM injections in adults are commonly given in the ventrogluteal region, which overlies the gluteus medius/minimus and provides a thick muscle mass with fewer major nerves and blood vessels than the dorsogluteal area. This site reduces the risk of sciatic nerve injury and allows administration of larger volumes compared with smaller muscles. The deltoid can be used for smaller volumes (e.g., many vaccines), while the biceps and forearm are not standard IM sites.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of appropriate anatomical sites for intramuscular injections rather than nursing prioritization or care management, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 24

Within how many population is a Primary Health Center, established?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A Primary Health Centre (PHC) is a community-level health facility planned to serve a defined population size under public health norms. Standard community health planning benchmarks commonly set a PHC to cover about 30,000 people (and higher in some contexts), aligning most closely with the 30,000–50,000 range provided. The other options either underestimate typical PHC coverage or represent much larger catchment sizes that are more consistent with higher-level facilities. Therefore, this range best matches the expected population coverage for establishing a PHC.
Category reason: This tests foundational public health/health system planning knowledge about population norms for establishing primary care facilities, which fits Basic Concepts & Foundations rather than bedside nursing interventions.

Question 25

Compression and ventilation ratio in newborn resuscitation is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Neonatal CPR uses a higher ventilation frequency because most newborn arrests are primarily respiratory in origin (asphyxia). The recommended coordination is 3 compressions followed by 1 ventilation, which delivers 90 compressions and 30 breaths per minute (120 events/min). This ratio balances perfusion with rapid correction of hypoxia and hypercapnia in the newborn.
Category reason: This question tests a standard neonatal resuscitation CPR parameter (a foundational clinical guideline/mnemonic) rather than nursing prioritization or patient-specific judgment, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 26

What is the recommended daily per capita water requirement in rural India?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This tests public health norms for minimum domestic water needs in rural settings. The commonly cited Indian rural per-capita daily requirement is 55 L/person/day to cover drinking, cooking, and basic hygiene under standard planning guidelines. Lower values risk inadequate hygiene and increased water-washed disease transmission, while higher values are not the baseline recommendation for rural supply planning.
Category reason: This is a factual public health/health-planning norm rather than a bedside nursing decision, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 27

Erikson described the psychosocial tasks of the developing person in his theoretical model. The proposed that the primary developmental task of the young adult (ages 18 to 25) is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Erikson’s stage for young adulthood focuses on forming close, committed relationships while maintaining a stable sense of self. Success leads to the capacity for deep intimacy and mutual commitment; failure is associated with isolation and difficulty sustaining relationships. The other options correspond to different life stages: industry vs inferiority (school age), generativity vs stagnation (middle adulthood), and trust vs mistrust (infancy).
Category reason: This is a foundational developmental theory question (Erikson’s psychosocial stages) testing conceptual knowledge rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 28

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, the ego has several functions. The primary function of the ego is to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The ego functions on the reality principle, mediating between the id’s impulses, the superego’s moral demands, and external constraints. Its key role is reality testing—evaluating what is possible and socially acceptable—and then organizing action in a way that reduces conflict and anxiety. The id is responsible for instinctual drives, while the superego is associated with conscience and moral control, making those options incorrect.
Category reason: This item tests foundational psychological theory (Freud’s structural model of personality) rather than a nursing intervention or clinical decision, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 29

Which principle of the psychoanalytic model is particularly useful to psychiatric nurses?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes that observable actions and symptoms often reflect unconscious conflicts, needs, or defenses, so interpreting behavior as meaningful helps the nurse assess underlying dynamics. This framing supports therapeutic communication by encouraging curiosity about what a behavior may be expressing rather than viewing it as random or purely willful. The other options primarily reflect behaviorism (reinforcement), rigid developmental determinism, or concepts more aligned with humanistic/communication theories rather than core psychoanalytic principles most applicable in day-to-day psychiatric nursing assessment.
Category reason: This item tests foundational mental health theory (psychoanalytic principles) rather than a specific patient-care action or safety decision, so it fits NursingScience under Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 30

Who among the following are recipients of secondary level of care for cancer cases?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Secondary level care refers to specialized services typically provided by specialists in hospitals, including operative management and other inpatient specialty interventions. Early case detection aligns with primary prevention/screening activities, while active cancer treatment (e.g., chemotherapy/radiation) is often categorized within tertiary care due to higher specialization and complexity. Post-treatment follow-up and rehabilitation commonly fall under tertiary or continuing care services rather than secondary care.
Category reason: This question tests health-system levels of care (primary vs secondary vs tertiary) as a foundational public health/health services concept rather than a specific bedside nursing intervention or patient-care priority.

Question 31

Who among the following are recipients of the tertiary level of care for cancer cases?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tertiary prevention in cancer focuses on reducing complications, disability, and improving quality of life after diagnosis and treatment have occurred. This includes rehabilitation, symptom control, palliative measures, and long-term supportive management for patients living with cancer or its sequelae. Early detection corresponds to secondary prevention, while early treatment is part of clinical management following diagnosis rather than a prevention level classification. Being scheduled for surgery describes a treatment plan step and does not specifically define tertiary level care recipients.
Category reason: This item tests foundational public health levels of prevention (primary/secondary/tertiary) and how they apply to cancer care rather than a bedside nursing priority or intervention decision, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 32

The modern concept of paediatrics means:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: C) continuous and preventive care of whole child Modern pediatrics emphasizes holistic care that integrates physical, mental, and social development across all stages of childhood. It prioritizes prevention (immunizations, screening, anticipatory guidance) and health promotion in addition to managing acute illness. This approach also includes continuity of care over time and coordination with family and community resources. The other options are too narrow, focusing only on limited time frames or specific end-stage conditions.
Category reason: This item tests the foundational definition and scope of pediatric care as a discipline rather than a specific nursing intervention or prioritization scenario, so it best fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 33

The therapy which is aimed at providing a healthy environment which helps in early recovery of the patient is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Milieu therapy focuses on structuring the patient’s surroundings (therapeutic environment) to support safety, interpersonal interaction, routine, and adaptive behaviors, which promotes stabilization and recovery. It is commonly used in psychiatric and inpatient settings where the environment itself is part of treatment. The other options are specific behavioral or psychological techniques (e.g., exposure-based methods or suggestion) rather than comprehensive environmental management.
Category reason: This item tests a foundational definition of a therapeutic approach (milieu therapy) rather than requiring a nursing action or prioritization decision, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations within NursingScience.

Question 34

What is the best time to administer the first dose of MMR vaccine under India's Universal Immunization Programme?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: C. At 9 months In India’s Universal Immunization Programme, the first measles-containing vaccine dose (MR/MMR) is scheduled at 9 months to provide protection once maternal antibodies have waned enough to allow an adequate immune response. Giving it at birth or 6 weeks would have poor immunogenicity due to higher interference from maternal antibodies. The later dose (often 16–24 months) corresponds to the second dose/booster to ensure seroconversion in those who did not respond to the first dose and to maintain immunity.
Category reason: This is a vaccine schedule/timing fact based on immunization program guidelines rather than a nursing care decision, so it best fits foundational knowledge under Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 35

Which type of catheter is used for intermittent self-catheterization?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Intermittent self-catheterization uses a single-use or clean intermittent catheter inserted several times daily to empty the bladder and then removed. A Foley catheter is indwelling and left in place with a balloon, increasing infection risk compared with intermittent use. A condom catheter is an external collection device for males and does not drain the bladder via urethral insertion. A suprapubic catheter is surgically placed through the abdominal wall for long-term bladder drainage rather than periodic self-catheterization.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of urinary catheter types and their definitions/uses rather than nursing prioritization or a patient-care decision, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 36

Which sampling method gives every individual in a population an equal chance of selection?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In this method, each member of the population has the same probability of being selected, which minimizes selection bias when a complete sampling frame is available. Cluster sampling selects groups (clusters) rather than individuals, so individual selection probabilities can differ. Stratified sampling divides the population into strata and samples within them, often with equal or proportional allocation, but it is defined by representation of subgroups rather than the defining feature of equal chance across the entire population. Systematic sampling selects every kth individual and can introduce bias if there is periodicity in the list.
Category reason: This question tests foundational research and statistics terminology about probability sampling methods rather than a nursing care decision, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 37

The terms "judgment" and "insight" are sometimes used incorrectly. Insight is the ability to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Insight refers to a person’s awareness and understanding of their own condition, circumstances, and the implications of their symptoms or behaviors. It is distinct from judgment, which is the ability to make sound decisions based on that understanding. A client may be able to describe a diagnosis yet still lack genuine recognition of having the illness or needing treatment. Impulse control is more related to executive functioning and behavioral regulation than insight.
Category reason: This item tests foundational mental health definitions (insight vs judgment) rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization decision, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 38

What is the health insurance cover provided under PM-JAY scheme?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: PM-JAY (Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana) provides an annual health insurance cover up to ₹5 lakh per family for secondary and tertiary hospitalization. This amount is on a family-floater basis, meaning the total cover can be used by any eligible family member. The scheme is intended to reduce catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditure for major inpatient care.
Category reason: This tests a foundational public-health/health-system fact (scheme benefit limit) rather than clinical nursing judgment or bedside interventions, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 39

Preschoolers are able to see things from which of the following perspectives?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Preschool-aged children are typically in Piaget’s preoperational stage, where thinking is egocentric. They have difficulty taking another person’s viewpoint and tend to interpret situations primarily from their own perspective. Although they may show early empathy and language growth, consistent perspective-taking is more characteristic of later stages (concrete operations).
Category reason: This question tests foundational child development/cognitive development concepts (egocentrism in the preoperational stage), which is a basic theory concept rather than a nursing intervention or safety decision.

Question 40

Which of the following is a feature of Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs)?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: HWCs under Ayushman Bharat are designed to strengthen the primary level by delivering an expanded package of services including preventive, promotive, curative, rehabilitative, and palliative care. They go beyond selective programs like immunization alone and are not intended to provide secondary hospitalization services. They also do not function as facilities for major emergency surgeries, which require higher-level referral centers.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of the scope and purpose of Health and Wellness Centres as a health-system concept rather than a bedside nursing intervention, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 41

To collect blood from the donor , you have to apply the blood pressure cuff on his arm and raise the pressure to:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: c- 50 -60 mmHg This pressure is used to engorge veins and promote venous filling while still allowing arterial inflow, facilitating blood collection during donation. Higher pressures risk occluding arterial flow and causing discomfort, while much lower pressures may not adequately distend the vein for a steady draw. Standard phlebotomy/donor collection practice uses a tourniquet effect roughly equivalent to 40–60 mmHg, making this range the best match among the options.
Category reason: This tests a procedural/physiologic parameter for venipuncture/blood donation rather than nursing prioritization or safety judgment, so it fits foundational clinical skills under Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 42

The best method of refuse disposal in rural areas is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In rural settings, a large proportion of refuse is biodegradable (kitchen and agricultural waste), making biological treatment practical and efficient. This method is low-cost, requires minimal infrastructure, reduces fly/rodent breeding compared with open dumping, and produces useful manure/soil conditioner. Incineration and engineered landfilling typically require higher capital, technical control, and maintenance to be safe and effective.
Category reason: This tests foundational public health/environmental sanitation knowledge about solid waste disposal methods rather than bedside nursing actions, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 43

What are all metric measurements composed of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Metric measurements are formed by combining a base unit (e.g., meter, gram, liter) with a prefix that indicates a power-of-ten multiple or fraction (e.g., kilo-, milli-, micro-). This structure is what makes metric conversions straightforward because you are scaling the same underlying unit. The other options describe unrelated numeric concepts (coefficient/significand) or omit the essential base unit concept.
Category reason: This question tests foundational understanding of how the metric system is structured rather than a patient-care decision, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 44

What is the most commonly used temperature scale in the scientific community?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Science uses the absolute temperature scale for measurements because it starts at absolute zero, enabling direct thermodynamic calculations and consistent comparison across experiments. It is the SI base unit for temperature, making it the standard in scientific reporting and laboratory work. Celsius is commonly used clinically and in everyday metric contexts, but Kelvin is the primary scientific standard.
Category reason: This question tests foundational measurement concepts (temperature units and scientific standards) rather than patient-care decision-making, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 45

The nucleus of an atom contains or is made up of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The atomic nucleus is composed of nucleons: positively charged protons and neutral neutrons. Electrons reside outside the nucleus in the electron cloud (orbitals) and therefore are not part of the nucleus. The number of protons determines the element’s identity, while neutrons contribute to isotopes and nuclear stability.
Category reason: This question tests foundational atomic structure (what makes up the nucleus), which is a basic science concept underpinning chemistry and related healthcare topics such as radiation and isotopes.

Question 46

The state of complete disorganization and confusion which lead to loss of identity and direction?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: c. Chaos Complete disorganization and confusion with loss of direction describes the hallmark features of a chaotic state. In chaos, normal structure and predictability break down, leading to impaired organization of thoughts and actions and a sense of lost identity or purpose. Equilibrium is the opposite state, characterized by stability and balance. Bargaining and resistance are coping responses/stages rather than a condition defined by total disorganization.

Question 47

Primary health care elements are?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Primary health care is classically defined by the Alma-Ata framework, which lists eight essential elements. These elements cover core preventive and basic curative services such as health education, nutrition, safe water and sanitation, maternal-child health, immunization, control of endemic disease, appropriate treatment of common illnesses/injuries, and access to essential drugs. Therefore, the correct count of the elements is eight. Other numbers represent common distractors but do not match the internationally taught definition of PHC elements.

Question 48

According to Erickson’s theory of psychosocial development, the school age child is in which stage?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: School-age children (about 6–12 years) are developmentally focused on mastering skills and being productive in school and peer activities. Success with tasks, academics, and social rules supports a sense of competence, while repeated failure or negative comparison promotes feelings of inadequacy. This aligns with the psychosocial conflict of building industry and avoiding inferiority. By contrast, autonomy vs. shame and doubt is primarily a toddler stage centered on independence in basic self-care.

Question 49

The pioneer of community health nursing:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Community health nursing is rooted in organized public health efforts focused on underserved populations and prevention-oriented care delivered in the community. Lillian Wald founded the Henry Street Settlement and is widely recognized for establishing visiting nurse services and shaping modern public health/community nursing practice in the United States. Her work emphasized health education, social determinants of health, and accessible care outside the hospital, which aligns directly with the concept being tested. Florence Nightingale is primarily associated with modern nursing and hospital reform, and Clara Barton is best known for founding the American Red Cross rather than pioneering community health nursing.

Question 50

The safe and effective method of waste disposal in community:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Safe community waste management prioritizes preventing contamination of soil and groundwater, controlling vectors, and limiting air pollution. A sanitary landfill uses engineered liners, controlled compaction, daily cover, and leachate/gas management to reduce environmental and infectious risks. Open dumping and river disposal allow uncontrolled spread of pathogens and toxic runoff into water sources, creating major public health hazards. Burning in open air releases particulate matter and toxic gases (e.g., dioxins), worsening respiratory risk and environmental pollution. Therefore, the controlled engineering approach is the safest and most effective option for community waste disposal.

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