Question 1

What is the site of T.T. injection in adults?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gluteal or deltoid muscle T.T. refers to tetanus toxoid, which is administered intramuscularly in adults. The recommended IM site for adults is the deltoid muscle (preferred) or an alternative large muscle site such as the gluteal region. Forearm is used for intradermal tests (e.g., Mantoux), and abdomen is typically used for subcutaneous injections (e.g., insulin). Thigh is more commonly used in infants/children for IM injections (anterolateral thigh).
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of vaccine administration routes and appropriate anatomical sites rather than nursing prioritization or safety decision-making, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 2

In a reaction, the reagent that gets completely used up is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Limiting reagent The limiting reagent is the reactant that is consumed first and therefore completely used up, which stops the reaction from proceeding further. The amount of product formed is determined by the initial amount (in moles) of this limiting reagent relative to the balanced chemical equation. Any other reactant present beyond what is required remains as excess reagent, and a catalyst is not consumed in the reaction.
Category reason: This question tests a foundational chemistry concept (stoichiometry/limiting reagent) rather than patient-care decision-making, so it fits NursingScience under Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 3

Q. ORS is used for...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Dehydration ORS (oral rehydration solution) is formulated with glucose and electrolytes (especially sodium and potassium) to enhance intestinal water absorption via sodium-glucose cotransport. It is primarily used to treat and prevent dehydration, particularly from diarrhea and vomiting. It does not treat dermatitis, diabetes, or hypertension directly, though it may be used cautiously in some comorbid patients depending on clinical status.
Category reason: This is a foundational question about the purpose and clinical use of a common therapy (oral rehydration solution), not a nursing prioritization or intervention scenario; therefore it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations in NursingScience.

Question 4

The development of a solid foundation of reliable knowledge is typically built from?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Basic research Basic research (pure research) is aimed at generating fundamental, generalizable knowledge and building theory, which forms the foundation for reliable scientific understanding. This foundational knowledge can later be translated into applied and clinical research. Action research focuses on solving immediate local problems, while methodological research develops or refines instruments and methods rather than primarily building substantive knowledge.
Category reason: This item tests research foundations and types of research (basic vs action/methodological), which is a core nursing science/foundational knowledge domain rather than a bedside clinical judgment scenario.

Question 5

The following salt is not hygroscopic in nature?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: NaCl Sodium chloride is generally non-hygroscopic and remains as free-flowing crystals under normal conditions. In contrast, salts like calcium chloride are strongly hygroscopic/deliquescent and readily absorb moisture from air. Magnesium chloride (typically MgCl2; shown as MgCl) is also hygroscopic. Therefore, NaCl is the best choice as the salt that is not hygroscopic.
Category reason: This tests a foundational chemistry property (hygroscopicity of common salts) rather than patient-care decision-making, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations within NursingScience.

Question 6

Which pigment gives green color to plants?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Chlorophyll Chlorophyll is the primary photosynthetic pigment in plants and reflects green wavelengths of light, making leaves appear green. Xanthophylls and carotenes are accessory pigments that appear yellow/orange and help capture additional light energy. Anthocyanins are typically red/purple/blue pigments found in some plant tissues and are not responsible for the characteristic green color.
Category reason: This is a basic biology question about plant pigments rather than nursing care, clinical judgment, or patient management, so it fits NursingScience under foundational concepts.

Question 7

Joined legs are found in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Arthropoda Arthropods are characterized by jointed appendages (jointed legs) and an exoskeleton. This is a defining anatomical feature used to identify members of Phylum Arthropoda (e.g., insects, arachnids, crustaceans). Echinoderms have tube feet, annelids have segmented bodies without jointed legs, and mollusks typically have a muscular foot rather than jointed legs.
Category reason: This is a foundational biology taxonomy/anatomy identification question about which phylum has jointed legs, not a nursing care or clinical decision-making scenario, so it best fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 8

Which Gas Is Used For The Preparation Of Soda Water?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Carbon Dioxide Carbonation occurs when CO2 is dissolved in water under pressure, forming carbonic acid that produces the characteristic fizz and mild acidity when released. The other listed gases do not provide this effervescence or the typical sensory properties of soda water. Industrially, pressurized CO2 is the standard gas used to carbonate beverages.
Category reason: This question tests a general foundational concept about gas dissolution and carbonation used in everyday solutions, fitting best under Basic Concepts & Foundations rather than patient-care decision-making.

Question 9

Which gas is needed for burning?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Oxygen Combustion requires an oxidizer to sustain the chemical reaction, and in ordinary environments this oxidizer is molecular oxygen in air. Nitrogen is largely inert under normal conditions and does not support burning. Carbon dioxide is used in fire extinguishers because it displaces oxygen and suppresses combustion. Hydrogen is a fuel that can burn, but it still needs an oxidizer such as oxygen to do so.
Category reason: This tests the basic requirement for combustion (oxygen as an oxidizer), which is a foundational science concept rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 10

What is the basic unit of life?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: cell Living organisms are composed of cells, which are the smallest structures capable of performing all essential life processes such as metabolism, growth, response to stimuli, and reproduction. Tissues are formed by groups of similar cells working together, so they represent a higher level of organization. Therefore, the foundational structural and functional unit of life is the cell.
Category reason: This question tests foundational biology terminology about levels of organization (cell vs tissue), which is best classified under Basic Concepts & Foundations rather than nursing judgment or patient care.

Question 11

Which of the following nursing theories emphasizes the nurse-patient relationship as the foundation of nursing practice?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Peplau’s model centers nursing practice on the therapeutic nurse–patient relationship and the phases of that relationship (orientation, working, termination). It defines nursing as an interpersonal process that promotes patient growth and problem-solving through communication and collaboration. The other theories emphasize different core foundations (environment for Nightingale, caring for Watson, and self-care capabilities/deficits for Orem).
Category reason: This question tests foundational nursing theory—specifically which theorist conceptualized nursing primarily around the therapeutic nurse–patient relationship—so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations rather than a patient-care decision scenario.

Question 12

Binary fission in Amoeba is an example of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Binary fission is a mode of reproduction in which a single parent cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells without gamete formation or fertilization. Amoeba reproduces primarily by this mitotic division under favorable conditions. Budding is characteristic of organisms like yeast and hydra, and sexual reproduction requires fusion of gametes, which does not occur in binary fission.
Category reason: This question tests fundamental biology concepts of organismal reproduction (asexual vs sexual) rather than clinical nursing judgment, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 13

What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Living organisms are composed of cells, and all vital processes (metabolism, growth, response to stimuli, and reproduction) occur within cells. Tissues and organs represent higher levels of biological organization formed by groups of specialized cells working together. Therefore, the smallest unit that is both structural and capable of performing life functions is the cell.
Category reason: This question tests foundational biology about levels of organization (cell → tissue → organ), which fits Basic Concepts & Foundations rather than a patient-care decision.

Question 14

Identification and interpretation of sensory stimulus is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Perception is the cognitive process of organizing, identifying, and interpreting sensory input to make meaning of stimuli from the environment. Attention refers to selective focus on certain stimuli, not their interpretation. Illusion is a misinterpretation of a real external stimulus, which is conceptually distinct from the normal interpretive process. “Detention” is not a standard term for sensory processing in psychology or nursing foundations.
Category reason: This question tests a foundational psychology/cognition concept (how sensory stimuli are interpreted), which fits Basic Concepts & Foundations rather than a nursing care judgment scenario.

Question 15

A client saw design on the floor and thought it was snake , This is an example of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An illusion is a misinterpretation of a real external stimulus, such as mistaking a floor pattern for a snake. In contrast, a hallucination occurs without any external stimulus and is a perception generated internally. The presence of an actual visual cue (the design on the floor) makes this a classic example of illusion and is commonly assessed in mental health/psychiatric concepts.
Category reason: This item tests foundational definitions of perception disturbances (illusion vs hallucination), which is a basic mental health concept rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization scenario.

Question 16

Delusion is a disorder of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A delusion is a fixed, false belief that is held despite clear contradictory evidence and is not consistent with the person’s cultural background. This reflects a disturbance in the content of thought (thought content), rather than a primary problem with sensory perception. By contrast, hallucinations are disorders of perception, and attention/orientation relate more to consciousness and cognitive status.
Category reason: This item tests a foundational mental status examination concept—classifying delusions within thought content—rather than requiring a nursing intervention or prioritization, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 17

Q. ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) is given in...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Diarrhea commonly causes dehydration and electrolyte losses, especially sodium and potassium, due to increased stool output. ORS is formulated with glucose and electrolytes to promote sodium–glucose cotransport in the intestine, enhancing water absorption. It is a first-line treatment for mild to moderate dehydration from acute gastroenteritis and helps prevent progression to severe dehydration. It is not a treatment for malaria, asthma, or hypertension.
Category reason: This question tests a foundational indication for a basic therapeutic measure (oral rehydration) rather than nursing prioritization or a specific patient-care scenario, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 18

The common name of washing soda is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Washing soda refers to sodium carbonate (commonly the decahydrate form), which is used as a cleaning agent and water softener due to its alkalinity. Sodium bicarbonate is baking soda and is a milder alkali used in cooking and antacid preparations. Sodium hydroxide is caustic soda, a much more corrosive strong base used in drain cleaners and industrial processes. Calcium carbonate is chalk/limestone and is not the substance known as washing soda.
Category reason: This item tests recognition of a common chemical name and its corresponding compound, a foundational chemistry concept rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 19

‘Health is the absence of disease’. This is the concept of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This definition treats health primarily as the lack of pathological disease processes and focuses on diagnosis and treatment of biological dysfunction. It contrasts with holistic and ecological models, which include psychological, social, spiritual, and environmental determinants of health. Interpersonal models emphasize relationships and communication rather than defining health strictly by disease presence.
Category reason: This item tests a foundational definition of health models used in nursing and public health theory rather than a specific body system or clinical intervention, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 20

In research process a hypothesis usually identifies-

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A hypothesis is a testable predictive statement about the expected relationship between an independent and a dependent variable. It specifies what will be compared or related, guiding how the study is designed and what data are collected. The sample and measuring tools are determined by the study design and methods section, not typically “identified” by the hypothesis itself.
Category reason: This item tests research methodology (what a hypothesis contains), which is a foundational nursing education concept rather than a bedside clinical judgment scenario.

Question 21

A memory disturbance in which familiar object is treated as unfamiliar object, is known as-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Jamais vu is a phenomenon where a situation or object that is actually familiar is experienced as strange or unfamiliar, reflecting a disturbance in recognition memory. In contrast, déjà vu is the feeling that a new situation has been experienced before. Confabulation refers to fabricated or distorted memories used to fill memory gaps, and hypermnesia is an abnormally increased ability to recall memories.
Category reason: This item tests recognition memory phenomena terminology (e.g., jamais vu vs déjà vu), which is foundational psychiatric/psychology knowledge rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization task, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 22

What type of incubator is used for premature babies?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Premature infants have limited ability to regulate temperature and are at high risk for heat loss, dehydration, and infection. A neonatal incubator provides a controlled thermoneutral environment with regulated temperature and often humidity and oxygen access as needed. Microbiology, agriculture, and general lab incubators are designed for culturing organisms or laboratory materials rather than supporting neonatal physiologic needs.
Category reason: This is a foundational knowledge question about the appropriate medical equipment used in neonatal care rather than a nursing judgment/prioritization scenario, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 23

ORS is important in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: ORS is formulated to replace water and key electrolytes (especially sodium and potassium) lost during conditions like diarrhea and vomiting. The glucose in ORS facilitates sodium and water absorption via intestinal cotransport, making it effective for preventing and treating mild-to-moderate fluid losses. It is not a treatment for lipid disorders, weight management, or bronchospasm.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of what oral rehydration solution is used for, rather than a nursing action or prioritization decision, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 24

Who is known as "The Lady with the Lamp?"?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: She earned this nickname for making nighttime rounds with a lamp while caring for wounded soldiers during the Crimean War. Her visible presence and attention to hygiene and patient observation became symbolic of compassionate, organized nursing care. This historical reference is widely taught in nursing foundations/history content.
Category reason: This item tests nursing history and foundational professional knowledge rather than a patient-care decision or body-system science, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 25

Q.-1241: Which therapy is first-line for depression?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: CBT is an evidence-based first-line psychotherapy for depression, particularly for mild-to-moderate cases, and can be used alone or combined with antidepressant medication depending on severity and patient preference. It targets maladaptive thoughts and behaviors that maintain depressive symptoms and teaches coping skills, which improves functioning and reduces relapse risk. ECT is typically reserved for severe, treatment-resistant depression, depression with psychotic features, or situations needing rapid response (e.g., high suicide risk, catatonia). Group therapy and psychoanalysis may be helpful adjuncts for some patients but are not considered standard first-line treatments compared with structured therapies like CBT.
Category reason: This item tests foundational knowledge of evidence-based psychiatric treatments for depression (types of psychotherapy and their clinical indications) rather than nursing prioritization or direct patient-care actions, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 26

In programmed instruction, the key teaching principle used is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Programmed instruction is built on behaviorist learning theory, where content is presented in small steps and the learner receives prompt feedback after each response. This immediate feedback functions as reinforcement, strengthening correct responses and correcting errors before they become ingrained. The approach is typically self-paced and individualized rather than group-based or designed for mass teaching sessions.
Category reason: This item tests principles of teaching-learning theory and educational methods rather than a patient-care decision, which fits foundational nursing education concepts.

Question 27

Which liquid is used in thermometer?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mercury has a predictable, nearly linear thermal expansion over a wide temperature range, which allows accurate temperature measurement in traditional glass thermometers. It remains liquid at room temperature and is easily visible in a narrow capillary tube. These properties made it historically common, although many settings now use digital or alcohol-based devices due to mercury toxicity.
Category reason: This item tests basic scientific knowledge about common measuring instruments and their materials rather than nursing actions or patient-care decisions, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 28

Q. 922 - IV cannula color 18G?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Standard peripheral IV cannula color coding commonly maps 18G to green in many widely used systems. An 18G is a relatively large-bore catheter, typically selected when higher flow rates are anticipated (e.g., rapid fluid administration, contrast administration, or potential transfusion). While minor variations can exist by manufacturer, the most commonly taught nursing/clinical reference for 18G is green.
Category reason: This tests standardized equipment knowledge (IV cannula gauge-to-color coding) rather than patient-care prioritization or clinical decision-making, so it fits foundational nursing concepts.

Question 29

"Psychology is the positive science of behaviour". This definition of psychology is given by-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This item tests a classic textbook definition attribution used in introductory psychology. Munn described psychology as a “positive science” focusing on observable behavior and empirical methods rather than metaphysical explanations. The other listed theorists are associated with different formulations (e.g., McDougall with purposive psychology; Skinner with behaviorism broadly), making them less precise for this quoted definition.
Category reason: This is a definition/attribution question about foundational concepts in psychology used in nursing mental health education, not a patient-care decision, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations under NursingScience.

Question 30

A nurse uses the back of the hand to assess skin temperature. This is an example of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Using the back (dorsum) of the hand to feel skin temperature is a tactile assessment technique. Palpation involves using the hands to assess characteristics such as temperature, texture, moisture, tenderness, and masses. Inspection is visual observation, percussion elicits sounds/vibrations by tapping, and auscultation involves listening (usually with a stethoscope).
Category reason: This tests fundamental physical assessment techniques (inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation), which are core nursing foundations rather than a patient-specific clinical decision.

Question 31

Q.1522: Position provided to the patient during perineal operation is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Perineal procedures require maximal exposure of the perineum and access to the genital/anal region while maintaining surgical field sterility. The lithotomy position (supine with hips and knees flexed, thighs abducted, legs supported in stirrups) is the standard operative position for many perineal, gynecologic, and urologic surgeries. Other listed positions do not provide the same direct and stable perineal exposure needed for such operations and may be used for different indications.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of standard surgical patient positioning rather than prioritization or a nursing intervention decision, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 32

Who said “Where there is life, there is society”?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This is a foundational sociology concept commonly taught in nursing foundations/community health, emphasizing that social organization is an inherent accompaniment of human life. Spencer’s social evolutionary perspective viewed society as an organism-like entity that develops alongside living beings. The other names are associated with different sociological contributions (e.g., culture definition, social distance, general society definitions) rather than this specific quote attribution.
Category reason: This tests a general sociological concept/attribution used in nursing foundation courses rather than patient-care decision-making, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations within NursingScience.

Question 33

Which section of drug act explains the ‘ Price fixing of drugs’?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In drug regulation frameworks, provisions about controlling, regulating, or fixing the prices of medicines are typically specified under a dedicated section addressing drug pricing and affordability. Section 28 is the section that covers authority and mechanisms related to drug price fixation, distinguishing it from nearby sections that more commonly address other regulatory functions (e.g., licensing, standards, or enforcement). Therefore, the section describing price fixing of drugs is identified as Section 28.
Category reason: This is a regulatory/legislative question about the Drugs Act section number for price fixation, which fits foundational professional knowledge rather than patient-care decision-making.

Question 34

Two taxonomic species are distinguished from each other by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Species are delimited by consistent gaps between groups across multiple correlated traits (morphology, genetics, ecology), indicating separate evolutionary lineages. Failure to interbreed is not universally testable or applicable (e.g., asexual organisms, geographically separated populations). Ability to exchange genes characterizes members within the same species, not between species. Mere similarity in morphology can be misleading due to convergent evolution and does not reliably separate species.
Category reason: This question tests foundational biology concepts about how species are defined and differentiated in taxonomy, which fits Basic Concepts & Foundations rather than clinical nursing decision-making.

Question 35

Hallucination is defined as-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hallucinations are sensory perceptions that occur without an external stimulus and can involve any sensory modality (auditory, visual, tactile, etc.). Option (a) describes normal perception when a real stimulus exists. Option (c) describes an illusion, which is a misinterpretation of a real sensory input. Option (d) refers to disorientation, a disturbance in orientation rather than perception.
Category reason: This item tests a core definition from mental health/psychiatric terminology rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization decision, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations under NursingScience.

Question 36

Q. 1041- Air bubble is removed from syringe to prevent?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Air introduced into the bloodstream can obstruct blood flow, especially if injected intravenously, creating an air embolus that may compromise perfusion to vital organs. Removing visible air from a syringe is a key safety step to minimize this risk during parenteral medication administration. Infection prevention depends on aseptic technique rather than expelling air, and pain is more related to needle technique and medication properties. Drug loss can occur with improper priming, but the primary safety rationale is preventing air entry.
Category reason: This question tests a foundational safety principle behind preparing injections (why air is expelled from a syringe), rather than prioritization or complex nursing decision-making, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 37

Family structure is –?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Family structure refers to how a family is organized in terms of who belongs to it (e.g., nuclear, extended, blended), emphasizing membership and composition. In contrast, the “process used to achieve goals” aligns more with family function, not structure. “Ongoing membership” is vague and not the standard definitional focus. “Pattern of relationship” is closer to interaction/roles and is less specific than defining who is considered family.
Category reason: This item tests a foundational sociological definition used in nursing (distinguishing family structure from family function), which fits Basic Concepts & Foundations rather than a patient-care judgment domain.

Question 38

Question 16) Most common form of ECT used nowadays is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Modern ECT is typically administered under general anesthesia with a muscle relaxant to prevent pain, fear, and musculoskeletal injury from tonic-clonic movements. This approach also allows airway and physiologic monitoring, improving overall safety compared with unmodified (direct) ECT. Therefore, the most commonly used form in current practice is the modified technique.
Category reason: This tests a foundational concept about how electroconvulsive therapy is delivered in contemporary clinical practice, focusing on general principles rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 39

Which of the following is a mature defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Anticipation is classified as a mature defense mechanism because it involves consciously planning for and managing expected stressors in adaptive ways. In contrast, denial and projection are immature defenses that distort reality to reduce anxiety, and reaction formation is typically considered neurotic/less mature because it replaces an unacceptable impulse with its opposite. Mature defenses tend to preserve reality testing and support effective coping and functioning.
Category reason: This question tests classification of psychological defense mechanisms, a foundational mental health/psychology concept rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization scenario, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations under NursingScience.

Question 40

The practice of one man marrying several women is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This term refers to having more than one spouse at the same time. Specifically, one man married to multiple women is a form of polygamy called polygyny. Monogamy is one spouse, bigamy is illegally marrying a second spouse while still married, and a harem refers to a group of women associated with a man rather than the marital practice itself.
Category reason: This is a definition/terminology question about a general concept rather than a nursing intervention or patient-care judgment, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 41

The requirement that a non-formulary medication be covered only if approved by the third-party payer is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: C. prior authorization This refers to the insurer’s required approval process before a specific drug will be covered, commonly used for non-formulary, high-cost, or higher-risk medications. It is distinct from claims adjudication, which occurs after a claim is submitted to determine payment, and claims reconciliation, which is comparing records to resolve discrepancies. Capitation is a payment model (per-member-per-month) and does not describe a medication-coverage approval requirement.
Category reason: This question tests health insurance/pharmacy benefit terminology rather than a bedside nursing intervention, fitting foundational healthcare systems knowledge.

Question 42

The core team for care of children with rheumatic disease includes all the following specialists except:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Core care for pediatric rheumatic diseases is typically multidisciplinary but centers on ongoing medical management, monitoring for systemic complications, and coordinated supportive care. A pediatric rheumatologist leads disease-specific diagnosis and immunomodulatory treatment, while a pediatrician provides general health oversight and preventive care. Ophthalmology is essential because several pediatric rheumatic conditions can cause uveitis with risk of vision loss, requiring screening and treatment. Nursing is integral for education, medication support, monitoring, and care coordination; orthopedic surgery is usually consulted only for selected complications rather than being part of the core team.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of which healthcare professionals are routinely included in multidisciplinary management of pediatric rheumatic diseases rather than a specific nursing intervention or prioritization decision.

Question 43

Which is the primary goal of community health nursing?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Community health nursing’s overarching aim is empowerment—building the ability of individuals, families, and communities to identify health problems, mobilize resources, and manage health needs over time. This aligns with population-focused practice that prioritizes health promotion, prevention, and strengthening self-care and community systems. Other options describe supportive roles to medicine or economic/national development outcomes, which can be benefits but are not the primary nursing goal.
Category reason: This is a foundational nursing concept question about the central goal of community health nursing, not a patient-specific care decision; therefore it best fits Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 44

#1. Which of the following is the BEST definition of a “relapse”?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Relapse refers to resuming the prior problematic pattern of substance use after an intervention or recovery attempt, rather than a single isolated use episode. This distinguishes relapse from a “slip/lapse,” which is typically a brief or single return to use without re-establishing the previous pattern. The key concept is reversion to the established maladaptive use pattern after treatment efforts.
Category reason: This item tests a core definition in addiction/recovery terminology rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization decision, so it best fits foundational concepts.

Question 45

The doctor prescribes a cough medicine for a patient that need 1 pint. Howmany milliliters are needed to fill this prescription?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A US pint is approximately 473 mL, which is commonly rounded to 480 mL for practical medication volume conversions. Converting household/US customary units to metric is a foundational dosage and measurement skill used in clinical settings. The other options correspond to smaller (120, 240 mL) or much larger (960 mL) volumes than 1 pint, making them inconsistent with standard conversions.
Category reason: This question tests a basic measurement conversion (pints to milliliters), which is a foundational calculation skill rather than a patient-care judgment scenario.

Question 46

The basic unit of life is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, and cellular organization is the smallest level that can perform all characteristics of life (metabolism, growth, response to stimuli, and reproduction). Atoms and water are essential components of matter and life, but they are not living units capable of independent life processes. Therefore, the smallest structural and functional unit of life is the cell.
Category reason: This is a foundational biology concept about the smallest structural and functional unit of living organisms, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations rather than a patient-care decision.

Question 47

Identify the incorrect match.

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Kinesiology is the study of human movement, including biomechanics and musculoskeletal function. Fossil study is instead addressed by paleontology. The other pairings are standard definitions (physiology studies body functions; pedology studies soils; limnology studies inland waters, including freshwater ecosystems). Therefore, this mismatch is the incorrect match.
Category reason: This item tests recognition of basic scientific terminology and definitions rather than nursing actions or clinical decision-making, fitting foundational concepts.

Question 48

Which gas inflates the airbag during a car crash?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Airbags are rapidly inflated by nitrogen gas generated from the decomposition of sodium azide in the inflator unit. The gas must be produced quickly, be relatively inert, and avoid supporting combustion, which nitrogen does. Oxygen would promote fire, hydrogen is highly flammable, and carbon dioxide is not the primary gas used in standard airbag inflators.
Category reason: This item tests foundational chemistry/physics knowledge about gases used in a safety device rather than patient-care decision-making, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

Question 49

Example of a specific learning disability is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Specific learning disorders are characterized by persistent difficulties in learning and using academic skills (e.g., reading, writing, or math) despite normal intelligence and adequate educational opportunity. Dyslexia is the classic reading-specific learning disorder, involving deficits in word recognition, decoding, and spelling. The other options represent different categories: intellectual disability (global cognitive impairment), ADHD/hyperkinetic disorder (attention/impulsivity), and autism spectrum disorder (social communication and restricted/repetitive behaviors).
Category reason: This item tests a foundational definition/classification in mental health/education terminology rather than a nursing intervention or clinical prioritization, so it fits Basic Concepts & Foundations within Nursing Science.

Question 50

Fertilised ovule is called ________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In flowering plants, the ovule contains the female gametophyte and, after fertilization, develops into a seed. The zygote becomes the embryo, and the surrounding ovule tissues form the seed coat and supporting structures. By contrast, the ovary develops into the fruit, and terms like ovum/foetus refer to animal reproduction rather than plant structures.
Category reason: This is a basic biology terminology question about plant reproduction and development rather than nursing care decisions, fitting Basic Concepts & Foundations.

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