Question 1

While doing CPR the compression ventilation ratio in an adult should be?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Adult basic life support CPR uses a high compression-to-ventilation ratio to maximize coronary and cerebral perfusion by minimizing pauses in chest compressions. For a single rescuer (and also for two rescuers in adults), the standard ratio is 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths. This balances maintaining forward blood flow with providing intermittent ventilation and oxygenation. Ratios like 15:2 are used in pediatric CPR with two rescuers, making it a common distractor here.

Question 2

Principle of organization is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Organization in management centers on arranging resources and tasks to achieve goals efficiently through a defined structure. Division of labour is a core organizing principle because it allocates work into specific roles based on specialization, improving coordination and productivity. Planning and directing are separate management functions (planning precedes organizing; directing focuses on leading and supervising). Therefore the most precise principle of organization among the options is division of labour.

Question 3

First health post in Bangladesh was established in:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This is a factual public health history item that tests recall of key milestones in Bangladesh’s primary health care development. The first health post is historically established in 1953, which directly matches the correct timeline among the options. The other years are either too early to align with the recognized development sequence (1950) or reflect later periods of health system expansion and national events (1960, 1971). Therefore, selecting the listed year that corresponds to the known historical establishment is the best answer.

Question 4

Which level of prevention is immunization?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Prevention levels are defined by when the intervention occurs relative to disease onset, with primary prevention aiming to stop disease before it begins. Immunization increases host immunity and prevents initial infection, so it is a classic primary prevention measure. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt treatment (e.g., screening tests) after disease has started. Tertiary prevention targets reducing complications and disability in established disease, which does not describe vaccination.

Question 5

Kishori Shakti Yojna Scheme is implemented using infrastructure of -?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The scheme is a community-based adolescent health and empowerment program that is operationalized through existing government service-delivery platforms rather than creating a new standalone system. ICDS provides the established anganwadi network, workers, and community outreach mechanisms used for nutrition supplementation, health education, and linkage to services, making it the most appropriate implementation infrastructure. PHC supports healthcare delivery and referrals but is not the primary program platform for routine scheme activities at the community level. Child guidance clinics and child welfare agencies are specialized/administrative services and do not provide the widespread field infrastructure required for scheme implementation.

Question 6

A newborn is called neonate up to –?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Neonatal period is defined as the first 28 days of life, a standardized age range used in pediatrics and perinatal epidemiology. This definition distinguishes neonatal physiology and risks (e.g., thermoregulation, feeding adaptation, infection vulnerability) from later infancy. Options like 7, 14, or 21 days represent early subperiods but do not match the accepted full neonatal time window. Therefore the most accurate cutoff is 28 days.

Question 7

Self-governance, ability to choose or carry out decision without undue pressure or coercion from anyone:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Autonomy is the ethical principle that protects an individual’s right to self-determination and independent decision-making free from coercion. The stem directly defines this concept by emphasizing self-governance and choosing or carrying out decisions without undue pressure. Veracity refers to truth-telling, fidelity to keeping promises and loyalty, and beneficence to acting for the patient’s good—none of which primarily address freedom of choice. In clinical practice, respecting this principle underpins informed consent and honoring competent patients’ care decisions even when clinicians disagree.

Question 8

A term that refers to a comprehensive set of thoughts or images of oneself is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Self-concept is commonly described as the organized, comprehensive set of beliefs, thoughts, and images a person holds about themselves. The broad, overarching evaluation of oneself across domains is termed the global aspect of self, aligning with a comprehensive view rather than a single role or trait. “Personal identity” more narrowly emphasizes uniqueness and continuity of the self, not the whole set of self-perceptions. “Ideal self” describes who one wants to be, which is aspirational and not the full current self-view.

Question 9

Nurse develops methods for data gathering. Which of the following criteria of a good instrument refers to the ability of the instrument to yield the same results upon its repeated administration?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Reliability is the psychometric property describing consistency of a measurement when repeated under the same conditions. If an instrument produces stable, reproducible results across repeated administrations, it demonstrates this consistency. In contrast, validity addresses whether the tool measures what it intends to measure, not whether it yields the same score each time. Sensitivity and specificity are performance characteristics of diagnostic tests for detecting disease states rather than general measurement repeatability.

Question 10

Patient’s refusal to divulge information is a limitation because it is research is appropriate for this study.?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Descriptive-correlational research relies heavily on self-reported or observed data to describe variables and examine relationships without manipulating them. When participants refuse to divulge information, missing or biased self-report data becomes a major limitation because it directly reduces data completeness and threatens validity. Experimental and quasi-experimental designs primarily test effects of an intervention, where refusal is more often framed as nonadherence or attrition rather than the core limitation of data collection. Historical research depends mainly on existing records and documents, so participant refusal to disclose information is typically less central.

Question 11

Monica is aware that there are times when only manipulation of study variables is possible and the elements of control or randomization are not attendant. Which type of research is referred to this?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Quasi-experimental designs involve an intervention or manipulation of an independent variable while lacking key experimental features such as random assignment and/or full control over extraneous variables. The stem explicitly states manipulation is possible but control or randomization is not present, which matches the defining limitation of quasi-experiments. A true experimental design would require randomization and stronger control to reduce bias and confounding. A field study is typically observational in a natural setting without the defining requirement of manipulating variables, and the Solomon-four group design is a true experimental method that relies on random assignment to multiple groups to evaluate pretest effects.

Question 12

The BSN curriculum prepares the graduate to become?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: BSN education is designed to prepare entry-level professional nurses for broad practice across settings, with a strong emphasis on community and population-based care. This aligns with the primary health care approach of health promotion, disease prevention, and continuity of care across the lifespan. A nurse specialist role generally requires graduate-level preparation and advanced practice competencies beyond the BSN. While a BSN graduate may later teach clinically, formal preparation as a clinical instructor is not the central outcome of the BSN curriculum.

Question 13

Brass gets discoloured in air because of the presence of which of the following gases in air?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hydrogen sulfide is a key atmospheric sulfur-containing gas that readily causes this sulfide tarnish even at low concentrations. Oxygen more commonly leads to oxide patinas (e.g., on copper) rather than the characteristic sulfide darkening emphasized here. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are comparatively nonreactive with brass surfaces under normal conditions and do not drive rapid tarnishing.

Question 14

Pedodontic triangle is given by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The “pedodontic triangle” is an eponym attributed to a specific author in standard pedodontic literature. Among the listed names, this eponym is classically associated with Finn. The other options are authors in related dental contexts but are not the accepted attribution for this specific triangle concept.

Question 15

Self care deficit theory is proposed by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Dorothea E. Orem developed this framework and described nursing systems (wholly compensatory, partly compensatory, and supportive-educative) to address varying levels of self-care deficit. The other listed theorists are associated with different models (e.g., Rogers’ unitary human beings, Neuman systems model, Leininger transcultural nursing) rather than self-care deficit. Therefore, the theorist linked to self-care deficit theory is Orem.

Question 16

The nursing theorist who developed transcultural nursing theory is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Leininger originated this framework and formalized it through culture care theory to guide nurses in reducing cultural barriers and improving outcomes. Orem is associated with self-care deficit theory, Roy with adaptation theory, and Neuman with systems model/stressors, which do not specifically establish transcultural nursing as a distinct theory. Therefore the option naming Leininger best matches the foundational origin of transcultural nursing.

Question 17

Which of following are intestinal tubes except ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Miller-Abbott and Cantor tubes are classic intestinal (enteric) tubes used for small-bowel decompression/long-tube intubation, and Harris (often referenced as Harris flush) is associated with intestinal tube techniques in older surgical/nursing contexts. A Levin tube is primarily a gastric tube used for stomach decompression, lavage, or gastric feeding rather than intestinal intubation. Therefore it is the exception among the listed “intestinal tubes.”.

Question 18

Sign of circle in family genogram indicate :-

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A circle denotes a female family member, while a square denotes a male. The “child” role is not represented by a unique shape; it is indicated by the person’s position in the family linkage and generation lines. Therefore, selecting “All of the Above” is incorrect because the circle does not represent male or child.

Question 19

Father of psychoanalysis.??

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The originator of this framework developed key concepts such as id/ego/superego, defense mechanisms, and talk therapy techniques like free association. Among the options, this uniquely aligns with the historical founder of psychoanalysis. By contrast, Watson is associated with behaviorism, while Erikson and Maslow developed separate developmental and humanistic theories, respectively.

Question 20

DNA found in-

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The nucleus houses the primary genomic DNA in chromosomes. Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA supporting essential energy-related proteins, reflecting their endosymbiotic origin. In plants and algae, chloroplasts also contain their own DNA for photosynthesis-related proteins, so DNA is present in all listed locations.

Question 21

What is the basic unit of life ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tissues are formed by groups of similar cells working together, making them a higher level of biological organization. Organs consist of multiple tissue types, and organ systems are groups of organs coordinating complex functions. Therefore, the most fundamental unit of life among the options is the cell.

Question 22

Which of the following is a primary group?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The family best fits these criteria because membership is enduring and interaction is close and personal. In contrast, trade unions and political groups are formed around specific goals and are typically larger and more impersonal, aligning with secondary groups. School is primarily an institutional/organizational setting and relationships there are usually role-based rather than deeply personal for most members.

Question 23

New RNTCP software online to monitor TB control programme is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This question tests knowledge of national TB program monitoring tools used for case notification, tracking, and program surveillance. Nikshay is the Government of India’s web-based application under RNTCP/NTEP for recording TB patients and monitoring diagnosis, treatment adherence, and outcomes. The other options are either misspellings or non-standard names and do not correspond to the official national online monitoring platform. Knowing the correct platform supports accurate reporting and continuity of TB care across facilities.

Question 24

A method of date interpretation among the following is ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This is most directly aligned with observing what is present and making sense of those observations in context. Interview and listening are primarily data collection methods rather than interpretation, while prioritization is a decision-making step after data are interpreted. Therefore the option that best represents a method used in interpreting collected information is observation.

Question 25

Sound Of Heart (Lub-Dub) can be heard with the help of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A stethoscope transmits and amplifies these low-frequency sounds from the chest wall to the examiner’s ears, allowing identification of S1 and S2 (“lub-dub”). A telescope is for distant visual observation and a microscope is for viewing very small objects, so neither can detect physiologic sounds. An otoscope is designed to inspect the external ear canal and tympanic membrane, not to auscultate the heart.

Question 26

WHO DISCOVERED CATGUT SUTURE?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Galen is commonly credited in medical history for describing the use of animal intestinal ligatures/sutures in surgery. Pasteur is associated with germ theory and sterilization concepts, and Hooke with microscopy, neither of which corresponds to introducing catgut. Linda Richards is known for nursing development, not surgical suture discovery.

Question 27

Which of the following vaccines are given from birth?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Many national EPI schedules also include a “zero dose” OPV at birth to prime mucosal immunity before the primary series begins. Hepatitis C is not part of routine newborn vaccination programs because there is no licensed vaccine. Pentavalent vaccine is typically started later in infancy (e.g., 6 weeks), not at birth.

Question 28

What is the use of hands for the evaluation of various body system of childs ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Using hands to assess temperature, tenderness, masses, organ size, edema, and skin turgor is the hallmark of palpation. This directly matches the question’s description of evaluating body systems with the hands. Auscultation is a common distractor but relies on hearing, not touch.

Question 29

Which of the following fractions is equivalent to 1.07?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The value 1.07 has hundredths, so it equals 107 hundredths when expressed as an improper fraction. This matches 107/100 and simplifies no further because 107 shares no common factor with 100. Options with denominators 1,000 or 10,000 would represent three or four decimal places, and 107/10 would equal 10.7.

Question 30

Thermometer is used to measure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: g., digital probe) and display the result in degrees. In clinical practice it is used as a vital-sign tool to assess for fever, hypothermia, and response to treatment. Blood pressure requires a cuff/manometer or automated sphygmomanometer, not a thermometer. Heart rate and respiratory rate are measured by pulse assessment and counting respirations, respectively.

Question 31

100 centigrate is equal to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Substituting C = 100 gives F = (9/5)*100 + 32 = 180 + 32 = 212, which corresponds to the boiling point of water at sea level. Options like 200f reflect an incomplete or incorrect application of the conversion relationship. This conversion is a core foundational calculation used in clinical settings when interpreting temperatures reported in different units.

Question 32

Using a sheet pretending it is a cape to mimic a superhero is characteristic of which of the following childhood phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: g., superhero) and scenarios. In dramatic play, everyday objects are used as props to support pretend identities and narratives, which is exactly what using a sheet as a cape demonstrates. This is considered a normal developmental expression of imagination, social learning, and emotional processing. A common distractor is symbolic functioning, which is broader (using symbols/words to represent objects), whereas the stem specifically describes enacted pretend-role behavior.

Question 33

That are answerable only by choosing an option from set of given alternatives are known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This format reduces variability in answers compared with open-ended questions, improving comparability across respondents. In healthcare surveys and nursing research tools, they are commonly used for structured assessments and questionnaires when specific categories are required. “Survey” and “Questionnaire” describe instruments, not the response format, while “Demographic” refers to content type (e.g., age, sex) rather than how answers are selected.

Question 34

A researcher that makes generalization based on observations of an individuals behaviors is said to be applying what type of reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Observing individual behaviors and then drawing a general conclusion about patterns in behavior matches this “bottom-up” approach. Deductive reasoning is the opposite direction, starting with a general rule and applying it to a specific case. The other options are not standard reasoning types used to describe this scientific process and do not define the observation-to-generalization pathway.

Question 35

An individual/object that belongs to a general population is a/an?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This term applies broadly to persons, objects, events, or any unit of analysis that could be sampled or measured. “Subject” and “respondent” are narrower terms typically reserved for human participants (with “respondent” emphasizing providing answers), not all possible population units. “Author” is unrelated to sampling terminology.

Question 36

The concept of “Health for All by 2000” was declared in:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The “Health for All by the year 2000” concept was articulated in the Alma-Ata Declaration, adopted at the International Conference on Primary Health Care. That conference occurred in 1978, making it the correct date for the declaration of this concept. Other years listed may relate to later policy follow-ups or unrelated initiatives, but they do not correspond to Alma-Ata.

Question 37

Budgeting is under in which part of management process?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Budgeting is fundamentally a resource allocation activity that forecasts revenues/expenses and translates objectives into a financial plan. Organizing and directing focus on structuring work and leading people, while controlling evaluates performance against standards and budgets after implementation. Therefore, budgeting is best classified under planning in the management process.

Question 38

A force within an individual that influence the strength of behavior?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The stem asks specifically for a force within the individual affecting behavioral strength, which aligns with the concept of intrinsic drive. Rewards are typically external reinforcers rather than an internal force, and environment refers to external influences. Self-esteem affects confidence and self-concept and may influence behavior indirectly, but it is not the primary term for the internal energizing force behind behavior.

Question 39

Cultural awareness is an in-depth self-examination of one's?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This option directly captures that internal appraisal and recognition of bias, which is the defining feature of awareness. In contrast, engagement in cross-cultural interactions reflects cultural encounters, and motivation to learn aligns more with cultural desire. Social, cultural, and biophysical forces describe broader determinants of health rather than the self-examination process itself.

Question 40

The nurse is working with the client with paranoid personality disorder. The nurse understands that the client likely experienced what in the past?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Personality disorders are commonly associated with long-standing maladaptive patterns that develop from a mix of temperament and early relational experiences. Paranoid personality traits are often linked to early environments where warmth, reassurance, and consistent validation were limited, promoting mistrust and hypervigilance. This option most directly reflects a childhood history that can foster chronic suspiciousness and expectation of rejection. In contrast, descriptions centered on absence of empathy/nurturing more strongly align with disorders characterized by exploitative or callous traits rather than pervasive distrust.

Question 41

Who conceptualized health as integration of parts and subparts of an individual?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The idea of integration of parts and subparts aligns with a holistic systems view of the human being. This contrasts with theorists like Watson, whose focus is primarily on caring/healing relationships, and Neuman, whose model emphasizes stressors and system stability. Therefore, the theorist most consistent with health as integration of the person as a unified whole is the one identified in this option.

Question 42

Which of the following tools is commonly used to test a person intellectual function.?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Wechsler scales (e.g., WAIS/WISC) are widely used, validated instruments designed specifically to measure intelligence and generate an IQ score. The CAGE scale is a brief screen for alcohol misuse, not cognition. The Child Behavior Checklist focuses on behavioral/emotional problems, and the Rorschach is a projective personality test rather than a standard measure of intellectual function.

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: When ionic salt dissolves, it dissociates into ions in solution and those ions become hydrated (ion–dipole interactions), producing a solution with different chemical species than the solid crystal. By contrast, boiling water and melting ice are phase changes of H2O, and cutting paper is a mechanical change that does not create new chemical substances. Therefore the best match among the choices is the dissolution process.

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A chemical change forms a new substance with new chemical properties via a reaction such as oxidation. Rusting is the oxidation of iron to iron oxides, which is not easily reversible and represents a true change in composition. In contrast, melting ice and cutting paper are physical changes that alter state or size without changing molecular identity. Dissolving salt in water is primarily a physical process (dissociation/solvation) and can be reversed by evaporating the water.

Question 45

Power is the rate of doing?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This captures how quickly energy is transferred or converted through performing mechanical work. By contrast, energy is the capacity to do work, force is an interaction that can cause acceleration, and velocity is the rate of displacement; none of these alone define “rate of doing.” Therefore the term that correctly completes the definition is the one describing what is being done per unit time.

Question 46

Rehabilitation of stroke patients is a example of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Post-stroke rehabilitation (e.g., physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy) aims to maximize remaining abilities and reduce long-term complications. In contrast, primary prevention would involve preventing the stroke from occurring (risk-factor control), and secondary prevention would involve early detection and preventing recurrence after an initial event. Quaternary prevention is about avoiding overmedicalization and unnecessary interventions, which does not describe rehabilitation.

Question 47

Which is the most sensitive indicator of health status?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Small changes in these determinants often show up first as changes in infant deaths, making it more responsive to health system performance than broader measures. Crude death rate is less sensitive because it is heavily influenced by the age structure of the population and may not change quickly with improvements in care. Life expectancy is a valuable summary measure but tends to shift more slowly over time and can mask short-term or subgroup health problems.

Question 48

Which of the following is not a principle of health education?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Motivation supports readiness to learn and change behavior, participation promotes active engagement and ownership, and reinforcement helps sustain new behaviors over time. An authoritarian approach relies on command-and-control teaching, which typically reduces collaboration, limits two-way communication, and can increase resistance to behavior change. Therefore it is not considered a guiding principle of health education compared with approaches that facilitate autonomy and learning.

Question 49

The full form of RCH program is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The program focus includes family planning, antenatal/postnatal care, safe delivery, newborn care, and child health services such as immunization. Among the options, only this expansion matches the widely used national and global public health terminology. The other options are not recognized program names in community health and do not align with established reproductive–maternal–child health frameworks.

Question 50

The first step in health education planning is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A needs assessment establishes baseline knowledge, learning preferences, and priority health deficits so objectives and content are relevant and feasible. Only after needs are identified can realistic goals be set and an appropriate teaching plan implemented. Evaluation is the final step because it measures whether the teaching objectives were achieved and what to modify next.

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