Question 1

The purpose of a literature of review is to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A literature review helps refine and define the problem, critiques prior studies to identify strengths and weaknesses, and supports development of operational definitions; therefore all listed purposes are correct.

Question 2

The variable which is influenced by the intervention of the researcher is called as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The outcome affected by the researcher’s intervention is the dependent variable; the independent variable is manipulated, extraneous variables are confounders, and discrete refers to a data type.

Question 3

The variable in an experiment that is known from the start and does not change is called the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The independent variable is predetermined by the researcher at the outset and is controlled; the dependent variable changes in response, while extraneous and confounding variables are uncontrolled influences.

Question 4

Statement of the expected relationship between two or more variable is known as the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A hypothesis is a declarative statement predicting the expected relationship between variables. An assumption is a belief taken as true, a problem statement defines the issue, and a research question poses an inquiry rather than stating a predicted relationship.

Question 5

The research process can be compared to which of the following-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Research proceeds through systematic steps—identifying a problem, planning, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions—analogous to the problem‑solving process.

Question 6

The test that is intended to measure the learnt knowledge and skill is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Achievement tests assess what has been learned (knowledge and skills). Aptitude/ability tests gauge potential rather than learned content, and observation is a method, not a test type.

Question 7

One of the following is not the characteristic of a nursing process?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The nursing process is client-centered, dynamic and adaptable. It is not nurse-centric.

Question 8

The study of ancient life forms preserved in rocks is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Paleontology is the scientific study of ancient life through fossils preserved in rocks.

Question 9

What communication medium for research findings is most likely used to reach the largest percentage of nurses?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Journal articles are widely published, indexed, and accessible to the broad nursing community, reaching more nurses than dissertations, conference talks, or posters.

Question 10

Snowball sampling is also known as-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Snowball sampling relies on participants recruiting other participants from their networks; it is therefore also called chain (referral) sampling.

Question 11

The basic structural and functional unit of life is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cell is the smallest unit capable of carrying out all life processes; tissues, organs, and systems are composed of cells.

Question 12

What is the correct formula for calculating the crude death rate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Crude death rate is the total deaths in a population during a year divided by the mid-year population, multiplied by 1000 to express per 1,000 population.

Question 13

What are the correct steps involved in the nursing process?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The correct nursing process is Assessment → Diagnosis → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation (ADPIE). Although the option omits “implementation,” it follows the correct logical order compared to the distractors.

Question 14

What is the Maternal Mortality Rate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Maternal mortality rate is defined as the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births from pregnancy-related causes, so option B matches the standard definition.

Question 15

Which of the following is not true about the characteristics of good research?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Good research is systematic, purpose-driven, and problem-solving; it does not inherently require large amounts of funding to be considered good.

Question 16

There are many different nursing education programs throughout the world that prepares nurses which of these program is type of basic Nursing Programs?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Diploma/Certificate programs are entry-level basic nursing programs; master's and doctoral programs are advanced, and baccalaureate may be considered basic in some systems but the clearest basic option listed is the diploma/certificate.

Question 17

The chemical name of CO2 is _____?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: CO2 consists of one carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms; its standard chemical name is carbon dioxide.

Question 18

Which gas do plants absorb from the Atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis and release oxygen; they do not absorb atmospheric nitrogen directly.

Question 19

The American Nurses Association formulated an innovation of the Nursing process. Today, how many distinct steps are there in the nursing process?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The modern nursing process, as standardized by the American Nurses Association (ANA), includes five essential steps: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADPIE). This structured method ensures a systematic and evidence-based approach to nursing care, promoting critical thinking and individualized patient outcomes.

Question 20

What is the term for the process of double-checking and verifying information gathered during an assessment to confirm its accuracy and completeness?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In the nursing process, verifying collected assessment information for accuracy and completeness is called data validation.

Question 21

Which approach does nursing research commonly use?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Nursing research is evidence-based and relies on systematic, disciplined methods to generate reliable, generalizable knowledge.

Question 22

What is the term for research in which the investigator plays an active, interactive role?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The term directly describing research where the investigator actively engages and interacts with participants is 'interactive research'; 'interventional' refers to experimental manipulation, and 'inferential' is a statistical term.

Question 23

What are the most common disorders seen by healthcare professionals?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Skin diseases are among the most frequent reasons for outpatient and primary care visits, occurring more commonly than cardiovascular disease, cancers, or STIs.

Question 24

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cell membrane controls transport of substances into and out of the cell via selective permeability; DNA storage, energy production, and protein synthesis are functions of the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes respectively.

Question 25

Which committee recommended 1G month's training in preventive and social medicine during internship?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Mukerji Committee recommended dedicated training in preventive and social medicine during internship.

Question 26

Which type of nursing research involves the systematic review and integration of existing research studies?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A systematic review explicitly searches for, appraises, and synthesizes results from existing studies; the other options are primary research designs.

Question 27

What is a disadvantage of multifilament sutures?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Braided (multifilament) sutures have capillarity/wicking that can harbor bacteria, increasing infection risk; they generally handle well and have good knot security.

Question 28

A framework for health assessment that evaluates the effects of stressors to the mind, body and environment in relation with the ability of the client to perform ADL?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The functional health framework (e.g., Gordon’s patterns) evaluates how stressors affect a person’s mind, body, and environment with emphasis on functional ability and ADLs. The other frameworks organize assessments by body region or systems rather than functional status.

Question 29

Which committee is committed to providing basic health services at the block level?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Chadah Committee (1963) proposed organizing basic health services at the community development block level, integrating malaria surveillance with general health services through basic health workers and PHCs.

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a strategy of the leprosy eradication programme?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The leprosy programme uses fixed-duration multidrug therapy (FDT), along with early case detection, disability prevention/limitation, and health education. "Long term" therapy is not a programme strategy.

Question 31

Which committee formulated the National Policy on Education in Health?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Mukherji Committee is credited with formulating the National Policy on Education in Health.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a component of epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Epidemiology concerns the frequency, distribution, and determinants of health-related states; it does not address the speed at which a disease is cured.

Question 33

Which concept of health emphasizes that health is a sound mind in a sound body in a sound family in a sound environment?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The holistic concept views health as the integrated well-being of body, mind, family/social context, and environment—matching the description of a sound mind and body within a sound family and environment.

Question 34

Which organization is responsible for evaluating and improving nursing workforce standards and practice conditions in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The American Nurses Association (ANA) advocates for nurses’ working conditions, professional standards, and workforce well-being across the United States. ANA develops position statements, workforce research, and policy recommendations that guide nursing practice environments nationally.

Question 35

A state of complete physical, mental & social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease (WHO) is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The WHO definition describes health as complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.

Question 36

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding evidence-based practice?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is built on three pillars: best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values. Therefore, saying it “does not rely on clinical expertise” is false, because clinical expertise is essential for integrating evidence into individualized patient care.

Question 37

The biomedical concept of health is based on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The biomedical model views health as absence of disease and attributes illness to biological causes, primarily the germ theory of disease.

Question 38

Which philosophy of community health nursing is correct?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Community health nursing emphasizes practical, problem-solving actions that work in real settings; this aligns with the philosophy of pragmatism. The other options are not foundational philosophies guiding CHN practice.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a principle of primary health care?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Principles of primary health care include equitable distribution, community participation, appropriate technology, and intersectoral coordination. "Curative" is a service element, not a principle.

Question 40

Which of the following nursing theorists developed a conceptual model based on the belief that all persons strive to achieve self-care?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Dorothea Orem proposed the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, which is based on the premise that individuals strive to meet self-care needs.

Question 41

A characteristic of the nursing process that is essential to promote client satisfaction and progress. The care should also be relevant with the client’s needs?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Effective care achieves desired outcomes and promotes client satisfaction and progress while being relevant to the client’s needs.

Question 42

She is the first one to coin the term "NURSING PROCESS." She introduced 3 steps of nursing process which are Observation, Ministration and Validation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lydia Hall first used the term nursing process (1955) and described three steps: observation, ministration, and validation.

Question 43

In which step of the nursing process does the nurse analyze data and identify client problems?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: During the diagnosis step, the nurse interprets assessment data, identifies actual or potential problems, and formulates nursing diagnoses. Assessment is data collection; diagnosis is analysis and problem identification.

Question 44

Which organ cannot be donated?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hearts and livers are transplantable organs; the human brain is not transplanted or donated for transplant, so it cannot be donated as an organ for recipients.

Question 45

How do plants release water vapor through their leaves?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Water vapor is released from leaves mainly through stomata in a process called transpiration; the other options describe different plant processes.

Question 46

What is the term for listening to the internal sounds of the body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Listening to internal body sounds (e.g., heart, lungs, bowel) is called auscultation. Palpation is using touch, inspection is visual observation, and percussion is tapping to elicit sounds.

Question 47

Which attribute is found in plants but not in animals?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Plants are autotrophic, producing their own food via photosynthesis, whereas animals are heterotrophic. Metabolism and sexual reproduction occur in both, and some animals can reproduce asexually.

Question 48

What is the basic unit of life?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cell is the smallest living structure capable of performing all life processes; atoms and water are chemical entities, and the chemical level is below the cellular level.

Question 49

What is the most sophisticated method of acquiring knowledge?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Scientific research is a systematic, empirical, and controlled approach to generating knowledge, making it more rigorous and sophisticated than intuition, trial and error, or reasoning alone.

Question 50

What is the primary aim of basic research?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Basic research seeks to expand theoretical understanding and refine principles without immediate practical application; applied research addresses decisions or immediate problems.

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