Question 1

Which of the following is an example of an analgesic?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is an analgesic-antipyretic. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic, insulin is a hormone for glycemic control, and diazepam is a benzodiazepine anxiolytic/sedative.

Question 2

What condition are Bisacodyl tablets used to treat?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative used to relieve constipation.

Question 3

What type of medication is aspirin classified as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). While it has analgesic and antipyretic effects, its primary drug class is NSAID; antiemetic is incorrect.

Question 4

Which antibiotic causes a flu-like syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Rifampicin is known to cause an intermittent dosing-related flu-like syndrome (fever, chills, myalgias).

Question 5

Which drug is the drug of choice for rheumatoid arthritis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Among the listed options, gold salts are the classic disease-modifying therapy specifically used for rheumatoid arthritis, whereas aspirin and cortisone provide symptomatic relief and azathioprine is reserved for refractory cases due to toxicity.

Question 6

Pantoprazole (Pantop) is used to treat which condition?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used for acid-related disorders such as GERD and peptic ulcer disease, not for infection, pain, or diarrhoea.

Question 7

Which of the following is not used for infection?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Paracetamol is an analgesic/antipyretic and has no antimicrobial activity, whereas ofloxacin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin are antibiotics used to treat infections.

Question 8

The appearance of bone marrow depression is the characteristic side effect of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Chloramphenicol is well known for causing bone marrow suppression, including dose-related reversible depression and rare aplastic anemia; the other antibiotics are not characteristically associated with this effect.

Question 9

Heart rate is decreased by ____?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Propranolol is a nonselective beta-blocker that reduces heart rate (negative chronotropy). Dopamine and adrenaline typically increase heart rate.

Question 10

Amlodipine is a .................. Drug?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension, making it an antihypertensive agent; it is not a diuretic, anxiolytic, or antiepileptic.

Question 11

Study of the drug called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The scientific discipline that studies drugs, their actions and effects is Pharmacology.

Question 12

What is ketamine injection used for?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used for induction and procedural sedation (causing sleep/unconsciousness). It is not used to treat fever; while it has analgesic properties, its primary injection use is anesthesia/sedation.

Question 13

Medicines that relieve pain are called ______?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Drugs used to relieve pain are analgesics; antifungals and antivirals treat infections, and anticellulars is not a pain-relief class.

Question 14

Which of the following drugs is used to treat HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Zidovudine (AZT) is an antiretroviral NRTI used in HIV therapy; cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant, ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic, and Acivir (acyclovir) treats herpes viruses, not HIV.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a sedative?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Alprazolam, midazolam, and clonazepam are benzodiazepines with sedative effects; hydroxyzine is a sedating antihistamine. Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker used for cardiovascular conditions and is not a sedative.

Question 16

Which corticosteroid is preferred for its lower mineralocorticoid effect?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Methylprednisolone has lower mineralocorticoid (salt-retaining) activity than prednisolone, so it is preferred when minimizing mineralocorticoid effects.

Question 17

All of the following are part of the treatment of lithium toxicity except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lithium has no specific antagonist. Management focuses on stopping lithium, volume resuscitation to enhance renal clearance, and hemodialysis for severe toxicity; ion-exchange resins may be used adjunctively.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding Maraviroc?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Maraviroc is an oral CCR5 antagonist that blocks HIV gp120 interaction with the host CCR5 receptor. It does not target CXCR4 and does not bind the viral transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 (that is enfuvirtide). Because CCR5 plays a role in leukocyte trafficking, its blockade can impair immune surveillance.

Question 19

MDT is used for the treatment of what?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: MDT (multidrug therapy) specifically refers to the WHO-recommended regimen of rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine for leprosy.

Question 20

What does rapid infusion of insulin cause?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Insulin rapidly shifts potassium into cells by stimulating Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, lowering serum potassium and causing hypokalemia.

Question 21

Anticipatory nausea and vomiting occur?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Anticipatory chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is a conditioned response that occurs prior to receiving chemotherapy, triggered by cues associated with previous treatments.

Question 22

A drug that can be used to treat hypertension in a diabetic patient is ________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: ACE inhibitors (e.g., captopril) and ARBs (e.g., losartan) are preferred in diabetics for renal protection, and calcium channel blockers (e.g., amlodipine) are also acceptable antihypertensives. Thus all listed drugs can be used.

Question 23

Low-osmolar ORS composition?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: WHO low-osmolarity ORS contains 75 mmol/L sodium with a total osmolarity of 245 mOsm/L.

Question 24

Excess of vitamin K in a newborn causes which of the following conditions, except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Excess vitamin K in newborns can cause hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, and GI upset such as vomiting. Bleeding tendencies are associated with vitamin K deficiency, not excess.

Question 25

The main drug of choice to treat asthma is...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: First-line therapy for acute asthma relief is bronchodilation, typically with inhaled short-acting beta2-agonists. Antibiotics are not routine, anticholinergics are adjuncts, and muscle relaxants are not indicated.

Question 26

Drug contraindicated in haemophilia?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet aggregation, increasing bleeding risk; it is contraindicated in hemophilia. The other listed drugs do not impair coagulation similarly.

Question 27

DDAVP stands for-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: DDAVP is desmopressin, a synthetic analogue of vasopressin whose full name is 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin.

Question 28

Currently, no effective medicine is available to cure CF, but doctors can prescribe medicines that help slow the progression of the disease. Which of these types of medicine can do this?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In cystic fibrosis, bronchodilators improve airflow, antibiotics treat/reduce pulmonary infections, and mucolytics thin mucus for clearance—collectively slowing disease progression.

Question 29

Best for treatment of Exercise induced asthma?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Short-acting beta-agonists (e.g., salbutamol) taken shortly before exercise are first-line to prevent and treat exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Montelukast can help as an alternative prophylactic, while ipratropium and low-dose ICS are not preferred for acute EIB prevention.

Question 30

Sodium content in mmol/L in WHO oral rehydration solution is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The original WHO ORS formulation contains sodium 90 mmol/L (glucose 111 mmol/L). Therefore the correct sodium content is 90 mmol/L.

Question 31

A mother expose to antiepileptic drug sodium valproate during first trimester, which of the abnormalities may be seen in newborn?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Sodium valproate is teratogenic, especially in the first trimester, increasing risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida due to folate antagonism.

Question 32

Which B-vitamin may be useful in lowering cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Niacin (vitamin B3) decreases hepatic VLDL synthesis, lowering LDL and triglycerides and increasing HDL; used to lower cholesterol.

Question 33

Paracetamol is an ...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is an analgesic and antipyretic used to reduce fever; it is not an antibiotic, antiemetic, or antitussive.

Question 34

Which drug dilates the blood vessels and used to lower blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vasodilators relax vascular smooth muscle, reducing systemic vascular resistance and lowering blood pressure. Vasoconstrictors increase BP; mydriatics and miotics affect pupil size, not systemic BP.

Question 35

Treatment of insulin overdose is-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Insulin overdose causes acute hypoglycemia; immediate treatment is rapid IV glucose, typically 50% dextrose. Normal saline and oral hypoglycemics are inappropriate.

Question 36

Which of the constipation- following drug induce?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Both anticholinergics and opioids reduce GI motility, causing constipation; NSAIDs can also cause constipation as a possible adverse effect. Therefore all listed drug classes may induce constipation.

Question 37

The most commonly used agent for the treatment of undescended testes is-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: HCG is used to stimulate Leydig cells to increase testosterone and promote testicular descent in cryptorchidism; progesterone and thyroxin are not indicated, and testosterone is less commonly used.

Question 38

Codeine syrup is used for?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Codeine is an opioid with antitussive properties; codeine-containing syrups suppress the cough reflex.

Question 39

Proton Pump Inhibitors: Identify the odd one out?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pantoprazole, lansoprazole, and rabeprazole are proton pump inhibitors; fluconazole is an azole antifungal, not a PPI.

Question 40

Odd One Out: Azoles - Broad spectrum antifungal agents?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole are azole antifungal agents; omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor for acid-related disorders, not an antifungal.

Question 41

Odd One Out — Inhaled Corticosteroids (asthma)?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist taken orally, not an inhaled corticosteroid. Budesonide, fluticasone, and beclomethasone are inhaled corticosteroids used for asthma control.

Question 42

Odd One Out: Bisphosphonates - Inhibit bone resorption and reduce the risk of fractures?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, not a bisphosphonate. Zoledronic acid, alendronate, and risedronate are bisphosphonates that inhibit bone resorption.

Question 43

Odd One Out: Intravenous anesthetics - administered intravenously for general anesthesia?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Sevoflurane is a volatile inhalational anesthetic, whereas propofol, ketamine, and midazolam are administered intravenously.

Question 44

Odd One Out — Benzodiazepines: Provide sedation, amnesia, and anxiolysis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Midazolam, lorazepam, and diazepam are benzodiazepines; nitrous oxide is an inhalational anesthetic, not a benzodiazepine.

Question 45

Odd One Out: Antithyroid Medications - Used to treat hyperthyroidism by inhibiting thyroid hormone production?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement used for hypothyroidism, not an antithyroid drug. Methimazole, propylthiouracil, and carbimazole inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis to treat hyperthyroidism.

Question 46

Odd One Out: Non-sedating Antihistamines -?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Promethazine is a first-generation antihistamine that is sedating; the others (cetirizine, desloratadine, fexofenadine) are second-generation, minimally sedating/non-sedating agents.

Question 47

Odd One Out: Long-acting Insulins - Provide basal insulin coverage with an extended duration of action?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin; detemir, glargine, and degludec are long-acting basal insulins.

Question 48

Odd One Out: Barbiturates - Induce anesthesia and provide sedation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Midazolam is a benzodiazepine, not a barbiturate. Thiopental and phenobarbital are barbiturates.

Question 49

Odd One Out: Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Raloxifene, tamoxifen, and clomiphene are SERMs; anastrozole is an aromatase inhibitor, not a SERM.

Question 50

Ethanol is commonly used as an antidote for which type of poisoning?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ethanol competitively inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase, preventing metabolism of methanol to toxic formic acid; thus it is an antidote for methanol (and ethylene glycol) poisoning.

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