Question 1

Which of these will cause posterior epistaxis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Posterior epistaxis typically arises from branches of the sphenopalatine artery and is associated with older age and uncontrolled hypertension. The other options more commonly cause anterior bleeding.

Question 2

Which part of the ear is related to body balance?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Balance is mediated by the vestibular apparatus: the semicircular canals sense rotational movements and the vestibule (utricle and saccule) senses linear acceleration and gravity. The cochlea is for hearing.

Question 3

What is the diagnosis based on the symptoms presented?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The classic symptom set for tonsillitis includes a sore throat, painful swallowing, fever, swollen, erythematous tonsils, often with exudates, and tender anterior cervical nodes—distinguishing it from diffuse pharyngitis, tongue inflammation (glossitis), or tonsilloliths.

Question 4

Patients with sensorineural hearing loss will have?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Sensorineural loss reduces the sensitivity of both air and bone conduction to a similar extent on audiometry, without an air–bone gap.

Question 5

Inflammation of the oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The oval-shaped pads at the back of the throat are the palatine tonsils; their inflammation is called tonsillitis.

Question 6

Where are olfactory receptors found?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Olfactory receptors for the sense of smell reside in the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity, i.e., the nose.

Question 7

How many bones are in the ear?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Each ear contains three auditory ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes.

Question 8

The largest paranasal air sinus is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal air sinuses; the ethmoid and sphenoid are smaller, and the azygos vein is not a sinus.

Question 9

Bleeding from the nose is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A nosebleed is termed epistaxis. Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa; asphyxia is suffocation, and apnoea is cessation of breathing.

Question 10

What infection causes the parotid gland to become enlarged?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mumps (a paramyxovirus) commonly causes parotitis, leading to swelling and tenderness of the parotid glands.

Question 11

Which tonsils are part of Waldeyer's lymphatic ring?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Waldeyer's ring comprises the palatine, lingual, and nasopharyngeal (adenoid) tonsils, among others; therefore all listed tonsils are part of the ring.

Question 12

Acute hemorrhage (bleeding) from the nasal cavity is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bleeding from the nasal cavity is called epistaxis. Hemoptysis is coughing up blood, hematemesis is vomiting blood, and rhinorrhea is watery nasal discharge.

Question 13

Tonsillectomy is indicated in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tonsillectomy is indicated for recurrent/chronic tonsillitis with complications such as rheumatic involvement. It is not done during acute tonsillitis, for aphthous ulcers, or for physiological (normal) enlargement.

Question 14

The most common cause of anterior epistaxis is associated with?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Anterior epistaxis most commonly originates from Kiesselbach’s plexus on the anterior nasal septum, known as Little’s area.

Question 15

Most common postoperative complication of tonsillectomy is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Post-tonsillectomy bleeding, especially secondary hemorrhage, is the most frequent and dangerous complication compared with infection, palatal palsy, or uvular injury.

Question 16

Which of these may be a symptom of tonsillitis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tonsillitis typically presents with sore throat, halitosis from bacterial debris, and systemic signs such as fever; therefore all listed symptoms apply.

Question 17

Medical management of epistaxis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Epistaxis is treated with vasoconstrictors and local measures; cotton pledgets soaked with topical adrenaline are used, and bleeding points can be cauterized with silver nitrate or electrocautery. Therefore all listed methods are part of management.

Question 18

Most cases of tonsillitis occur in which age group?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tonsillitis is most common in children, with peak incidence in early school-age years (about 5–10 years). Therefore, the majority of cases occur in the 10 and under group.

Question 19

The site of epistaxis are all except-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Common epistaxis sites include Little’s (Kiesselbach) anteriorly, Woodruff’s plexus posteriorly, and the posterosuperior area near the sphenopalatine artery. The middle meatus is primarily a drainage pathway and is not a typical source of epistaxis.

Question 20

Nasal polyps are commonly associated with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Nasal polyps are frequently linked with chronic rhinosinusitis and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease; they commonly coexist with asthma (Samter triad).

Question 21

Which of the following surgical procedure is used to correct otosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Otosclerosis fixes the stapes, causing conductive hearing loss; the corrective surgery is stapedectomy with prosthesis placement.

Question 22

What is the treatment of choice for a 6-year-old child with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, mouth breathing, failure to grow, high arched palate, and impaired hearing?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Findings indicate adenoid hypertrophy causing nasopharyngeal obstruction and otitis media with effusion leading to hearing loss; definitive management is adenoidectomy with ventilation tubes (grommets).

Question 23

Bleeding in the ear canal is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ear bleeding can present as bloody otorrhea; the general term for ear discharge is otorrhea. Epistaxis is nosebleed, hematoma is a blood collection, and hemolysis is RBC destruction.

Question 24

A client is to have a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy to remove a large, invasive pituitary tumor; through which incision site will the surgery be performed?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy accesses the pituitary through the sphenoid sinus via the nasal cavity; the incision is made through the nose.

Question 25

In which condition does hearing improve in a noisy environment?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hearing that improves in noisy surroundings (paracusis Willisii) is characteristic of conductive hearing loss due to otosclerosis; sensorineural causes like Meniere's or cochlear damage do not show this.

Question 26

What is the result of a labyrinthectomy performed to treat Meniere's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Labyrinthectomy removes the inner ear labyrinth, eliminating vestibular input and sacrificing cochlear function in that ear, resulting in permanent hearing loss.

Question 27

Which of the following closes and seals off the lower airway during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: During swallowing, the epiglottis folds over the laryngeal inlet to prevent aspiration into the lower airway. Alveoli are for gas exchange, the larynx is the organ itself, the uvula closes the nasopharynx, and vocal cords approximate but do not seal the airway like the epiglottis.

Question 28

In which organ can you locate the semicircular canals?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The semicircular canals are part of the inner ear’s vestibular apparatus responsible for balance.

Question 29

Which describes the order of the auditory ossicles, from outer to inner?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: From the tympanic membrane outward to inward, the ossicles are malleus, then incus, then stapes (at the oval window).

Question 30

Hair follicle in the external auditory canal are seen in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hair follicles and ceruminous/sebaceous glands are present only in the lateral cartilaginous portion of the external auditory canal; the medial bony portion lacks them.

Question 31

There are three semi-circular canals. What are their functions?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The semicircular canals are part of the vestibular apparatus and detect head rotation to maintain balance and equilibrium; hearing is mediated by the cochlea, not the semicircular canals.

Question 32

Which gland is affected by mumps?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mumps typically causes viral parotitis, leading to swelling and tenderness of the parotid salivary glands.

Question 33

Inflammation of middle ear in children is related to malfunctioning of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Otitis media in children commonly results from Eustachian tube dysfunction; their tube is shorter and more horizontal, leading to poor ventilation and drainage of the middle ear.

Question 34

Which ossicle is referred to as the 'head of malleus' in the human ear?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The 'head of malleus' is a part of the malleus ossicle that articulates with the body of the incus; therefore the ossicle is the malleus.

Question 35

Which sense organ helps us balance our body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The vestibular apparatus in the inner ear controls balance and equilibrium.

Question 36

What is choanal atresia?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Choanal atresia is a congenital blockage of the posterior nasal choanae, causing obstruction between the nasal cavity and nasopharynx.

Question 37

Which complications can apply to both cleft lip and cleft palate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Feeding problems occur with both cleft lip and cleft palate. Recurrent ear infections and speech delay are primarily associated with cleft palate, not isolated cleft lip; esophageal reflux is not a typical shared complication. “Weight gain” is not a complication (poor weight gain would be).

Question 38

The organ of Corti is located in which part of the ear?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The organ of Corti, the sensory organ for hearing, is located in the cochlear duct (scala media) of the cochlea. External and middle ear lack sensory hair cells; semicircular canals contain cristae for balance.

Question 39

What is the name of the instrument used to examine the ear canal?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An aural speculum is inserted into the external auditory canal for examination; the other instruments are used for gynecologic, oral, or nasal procedures.

Question 40

Which of the following is the most common surgical procedure for chronic otitis media?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: For chronic otitis media with effusion, the most frequently performed surgical treatment is myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion, making myringotomy the most common procedure.

Question 41

How many bones make up the ear ossicles?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The ear ossicles are three small bones in the middle ear—the malleus, incus, and stapes.

Question 42

The nose opens at the upper end of a pair of which internal structures?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The posterior openings of the nasal cavity (choanae) communicate with the nasopharynx, the upper part of the pharynx, not the larynx or trachea.

Question 43

Which nerve is responsible for salivary secretion?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The chorda tympani (branch of the facial nerve) carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion, stimulating salivary secretion from the submandibular and sublingual glands.

Question 44

Where does the nasal canal open?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The posterior openings of the nasal cavities (choanae) open into the nasopharynx.

Question 45

The patient came into the emergency department with complain of sore throat and pain in the neck. During inspection of throat, the nurse explains the patient that your tonsils are large and it touches the uvula. On grading scale of tonsil, it shows?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tonsil grading: +1 visible, +2 halfway to uvula, +3 touching the uvula, +4 "kissing" each other at midline. Touching the uvula corresponds to Grade +3.

Question 46

During examination of the tympanic membrane, the nurse observed prominent landmarks are caused by negative ear pressure due to obstructed Eustachian tube or chronic otitis media. The condition of tympanic membrane is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Eustachian tube obstruction creates negative middle-ear pressure, pulling the tympanic membrane inward and accentuating landmarks—classic for a retracted tympanic membrane.

Question 47

Mucous-lined, air-filled cavities that surround the nasal cavity and perform the same air-processing functions of filtration, moistening, and warming?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Paranasal sinuses are mucosa-lined, air-filled spaces surrounding the nasal cavity that aid in filtration, humidification, and warming of inspired air.

Question 48

What organ is known as the Voice Box?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The larynx houses the vocal cords and is responsible for phonation; thus it is called the voice box.

Question 49

What is the medical device used to look into the ears?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An otoscope is the instrument used to examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane. The others are for auscultation, microscopic viewing, or viewing distant objects.

Question 50

Which of the following is not a typical feature of Ménière’s disease?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ménière’s disease classically presents with episodic vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, and nonpulsatile tinnitus with aural fullness. Pulsatile tinnitus is not typical and suggests a vascular etiology.

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