Question 1

What is the term for the absence of the eye lens?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Aphakia specifically means absence of the crystalline lens. Phakia indicates presence of the lens; presbyopia is age-related loss of accommodation; cataract is lens opacity, not absence.

Question 2

What is the inflammation of the cornea called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Inflammation of the cornea is called keratitis; conjunctivitis involves the conjunctiva, scleritis the sclera, and trachoma is a chronic infectious conjunctivitis.

Question 3

The client with color blindness will most likely have problems distinguishing which of the following colors?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Most color blindness is red–green deficiency, making red difficult to distinguish; among the options, red is the best answer.

Question 4

In following which gland secretes tears-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tears are produced by the lacrimal glands located in the superolateral orbit. These exocrine glands secrete the aqueous component of the tear film that lubricates, nourishes, and protects the ocular surface. Sweat and sebaceous glands serve thermoregulation and sebum production, respectively, and the pituitary does not produce tears.

Question 5

Photosensitive layer of eye is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The retina contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) that convert light into neural signals, making it the photosensitive layer of the eye. The sclerotic (sclera) is the tough, protective outer coat and is not light-sensitive. The cornea is a transparent, avascular structure that refracts light but does not detect it. Therefore, the correct answer is the retina.

Question 6

Which of the following disorder of eyes caused by UV radiations?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Chronic ultraviolet-B exposure causes photo-oxidative damage and protein aggregation in the crystalline lens, leading to cataract formation. Epidemiologic data show higher cataract prevalence with increased sunlight exposure, and UV-blocking eyewear lowers risk. Glaucoma is primarily related to intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage, not UV exposure. Pupil dilation is a transient physiologic response, and retinal defects are not the classic chronic outcome of routine UV exposure.

Question 7

The lens found in human body is-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The human crystalline lens is biconvex, meaning it bulges outward on both anterior and posterior surfaces. This shape allows it to converge incoming light rays to focus images on the retina. The ciliary muscle adjusts lens curvature for accommodation. Biconcave describes the shape of red blood cells, not the eye’s lens.

Question 8

Transparent part of eye is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cornea is the transparent, avascular anterior portion of the fibrous tunic that allows light to enter the eye and contributes most of the eye’s refractive power. The retina is neural tissue that is translucent but not a transparent external surface. The sclera is opaque and forms the white of the eye. The iris is pigmented and regulates pupil size, not transparent.

Question 9

The light sensitive part of the eye is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye containing photoreceptors (rods and cones) that convert light into neural impulses. The cornea and lens primarily focus incoming light. The iris and pupil regulate the amount of light entering the eye. Therefore, the light-sensitive structure is the retina.

Question 10

In which part of the body blood is not present?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cornea is an avascular tissue; it contains no blood vessels. It receives oxygen and nutrients primarily from the tear film and aqueous humor, and waste products diffuse out similarly. In contrast, the brain, medulla, and diaphragm are all highly vascularized to meet their metabolic needs. Therefore, blood is not present in the cornea.

Question 11

Pink eye is also Known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pink eye refers to inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin mucous membrane covering the sclera and inner eyelids, hence the term conjunctivitis. It commonly presents with redness, irritation, tearing, and discharge. Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea, glossitis involves the tongue, and dermatitis is inflammation of the skin, so these do not match the term pink eye.

Question 12

Which part of the eye is donated?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Eye donation primarily refers to corneal transplantation. The cornea can be harvested shortly after death and transplanted to restore vision in corneal opacity or dystrophies. The retina is neural tissue and is not transplanted; the lens is typically replaced with an artificial intraocular lens; and iris transplantation is not standard practice. Therefore, the correct donated part is the cornea.

Question 13

Which structure of eye is the most sensitive but contains no blood vessel?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cornea is avascular, receiving nutrients from the tear film and aqueous humor, and thus contains no blood vessels. It is densely innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve, making it one of the most sensitive tissues in the body. The retina and iris are vascularized, and the pupil is merely an opening, not a tissue.

Question 14

Blepharitis is the Inflammation of the ______?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blepharitis refers to inflammation of the eyelid margins. It commonly results from bacterial colonization, seborrheic dermatitis, or meibomian gland dysfunction and presents with redness, crusting, and ocular irritation. Management focuses on eyelid hygiene with warm compresses and, when indicated, topical antibiotics or anti-inflammatory agents.

Question 15

Which Vitamin is needed for the formation of a lightsensitive pigment in the retina?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A is the precursor of 11-cis-retinal, which combines with opsin to form rhodopsin, the light-sensitive pigment in rod cells. Adequate vitamin A is essential for dark adaptation and night vision. Deficiency leads to impaired rhodopsin regeneration, causing night blindness and xerophthalmia.

Question 16

Receptors for colour vision are?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Color vision is mediated by cone photoreceptors in the retina, which contain photopigments sensitive to short, medium, and long wavelengths. Rods are responsible for scotopic (low-light) vision and do not convey color information. Bipolar and ganglion cells are interneurons and output neurons, respectively, that transmit visual signals but are not the primary color receptors.

Question 17

Bull's eye retinopathy is seen in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bull’s-eye maculopathy is the classic retinal toxicity pattern from chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine exposure, due to damage to the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors in the parafoveal region. Methanol poisoning primarily causes optic neuritis and central visual loss, not bull’s-eye changes. Ethambutol causes optic neuropathy, and corticosteroids are associated with cataracts, glaucoma, and central serous chorioretinopathy. Therefore, chloroquine is the correct association.

Question 18

The study of eyes is known as _______?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eye. Osteology studies bones, ornithology studies birds, and oncology focuses on cancers. Therefore, the correct term for the study of eyes is ophthalmology.

Question 19

The white area of the eye called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The sclera is the opaque, white, fibrous outer coat of the eyeball that maintains globe shape and protects internal ocular structures. The iris is the colored part of the eye, and the pupil is the central opening that regulates light entry. The eyelid is an external structure that covers and protects the eye but is not the white area.

Question 20

What is a common symptom of allergic conjunctivitis in children?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Allergic conjunctivitis typically presents with bilateral eye redness, intense itching, watery or stringy discharge, and chemosis due to histamine-mediated inflammation. Photophobia can occur but is less characteristic, while ptosis and diplopia are not typical features of conjunctivitis. Therefore, eye redness and itching best represent the common symptom profile in children with allergic conjunctivitis.

Question 21

Which part of the body helps us to see?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vision is mediated by the eyes, where the cornea and lens focus light onto the retina. Photoreceptors (rods and cones) transduce light into neural signals that are processed and sent via the optic nerve to the brain. The ears are responsible for hearing and balance, and the nose is for olfaction, not vision.

Question 22

Inflammation of the eyelid is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blepharitis specifically refers to inflammation of the eyelid margins, often involving the eyelash follicles and associated glands. Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva, keratitis is inflammation of the cornea, and neuritis is inflammation of a nerve (e.g., optic neuritis). Therefore the correct term for eyelid inflammation is blepharitis.

Question 23

Which part is used in eye donation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In routine eye donation, the cornea is the primary tissue retrieved for corneal transplantation (keratoplasty) to restore vision in recipients with corneal opacities or failure. The cornea can be harvested and preserved for transplant even when the whole globe is not used. Retina and lens are not typically transplanted from cadaveric donation in standard eye-bank practice, and “whole eye” is not the usual donated component for vision-restoring transplant.

Question 24

Which part of human body that has no supply of blood ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cornea is avascular (has no blood vessels) to maintain transparency for vision. It receives oxygen primarily from the air/tear film and nutrients from the aqueous humor and limbal vessels at the periphery. In contrast, the iris is vascular and fingers have extensive blood supply. The pupil is simply an opening in the iris, not a tissue with its own blood supply.

Question 25

Glaucoma is a disorder of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Glaucoma is an eye disease characterized by progressive optic nerve damage, most commonly associated with elevated intraocular pressure from impaired aqueous humor outflow. It leads to characteristic visual field loss (often starting peripherally) and can result in blindness if untreated. Therefore, it is a disorder of the eyes, not the kidneys, skin, or heart.

Question 26

Study of Eyes is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ophthalmology is the medical specialty concerned with the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eye and visual system. Myology refers to the study of muscles, odontology refers to the study of teeth, and pulmonology focuses on the respiratory system/lungs. Therefore, the correct term for the study of eyes is ophthalmology.

Question 27

Rods and cones are part of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Rods and cones are photoreceptor cells located in the retina of the eye. Rods mediate vision in low light and peripheral vision, while cones are responsible for color vision and high visual acuity in bright light. Therefore, they are structures of the eye, not the ear or other organs.

Question 28

Which gland of the eye produces tears?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tears are produced by the lacrimal gland, located in the superolateral aspect of the orbit, and the fluid is spread across the cornea with blinking. This tear film lubricates the eye, provides nutrients to the cornea, and contains antimicrobial components such as lysozyme. The vitreous is a gel filling the posterior segment, the iris controls pupil size, and aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary body rather than a tear-producing gland.

Question 29

Human eyes is like a ________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The human eye functions similarly to a camera by focusing incoming light through a lens onto a light-sensitive surface (the retina), analogous to a camera lens focusing light onto film or a digital sensor. The iris and pupil regulate the amount of light entering the eye like a camera aperture. The retina converts light into neural signals, similar to how a sensor captures an image for processing.

Question 30

The short-sightedness of the eye is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Short-sightedness (near-sightedness) is myopia, where distant objects appear blurry because images focus in front of the retina. This typically occurs due to an elongated eyeball or excessive refractive power of the cornea/lens. Amblyopia is reduced vision from abnormal visual development, glaucoma is optic neuropathy often linked to elevated intraocular pressure, and cataract is lens opacification—none specifically define short-sightedness.

Question 31

Colour of eye depends upon the pigment present in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Eye color is determined primarily by the amount and distribution of melanin pigment in the iris stroma and anterior border layer. The cornea is transparent, the pupil is simply an opening, and the retina’s pigments do not determine perceived eye color. Therefore, the correct choice is the iris (spelled as "Irish" in the options).

Question 32

The colour of the eyes is due?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Eye color is determined by the amount and distribution of melanin pigment in the iris stroma and epithelium. The pupil is just an opening that appears black due to light absorption in the eye. The cornea is transparent, and the sclera is the white outer coat, so neither determines eye color.

Question 33

Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with night blindness?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Night blindness (nyctalopia) is classically linked to vitamin A deficiency because retinol is required to form retinal (11-cis-retinal), a key component of rhodopsin in rod photoreceptors. Without adequate vitamin A, rods cannot adapt well to low-light conditions, leading to impaired dim-light vision. Other listed vitamins are associated with different deficiency syndromes (e.g., B12 with neuropathy, C with scurvy, D with bone/mineral disorders) rather than night blindness.

Question 34

Ophthalmology is the study of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ophthalmology is the medical specialty concerned with the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eye and visual system. It includes evaluation and treatment of eye conditions, including medical and surgical management. Therefore, the correct choice is the study of the eyes.

Question 35

Which of the below disease affects the eyes?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Glaucoma is an eye disease characterized by progressive optic nerve damage, most commonly associated with elevated intraocular pressure. It can lead to peripheral vision loss and irreversible blindness if untreated. In contrast, otosclerosis affects the middle ear causing conductive hearing loss, tonsillitis affects the tonsils/throat, and diarrhoea is a gastrointestinal symptom.

Question 36

Thickness of cornea is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Central corneal thickness in a normal adult is about 520–550 micrometers (approximately 0.52–0.55 mm). Therefore, 540 microns is the best match among the options. The other choices (5 mm, 10 mm, 3 cm) are orders of magnitude larger than the true corneal thickness and are anatomically implausible.

Question 37

What is the weight of A human eye?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An adult human eyeball weighs approximately 7–8 grams on average, but many medical education references round this to about 10 grams as a commonly taught approximate value. Among the provided options, 10 grams is the closest accepted approximation. The larger values (20 g and 30 g) substantially exceed typical anatomical measurements for the globe, and 7.5 grams is more specific but less commonly used as the standard rounded figure in MCQs.

Question 38

Trachoma is an infectious disease of the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Trachoma is a chronic infectious conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis that primarily affects the eyes. Recurrent infection leads to conjunctival scarring, entropion, and trichiasis, which can abrade the cornea. Over time this can result in corneal opacity and preventable blindness, confirming the eye as the affected organ system.

Question 39

Trachoma is a disease of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Trachoma is a chronic infectious conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis that primarily affects the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye. Recurrent infection leads to scarring of the eyelid and inward turning of lashes (trichiasis), which can abrade the cornea. This progressive damage can result in corneal opacity and blindness, confirming it is an eye disease.

Question 40

What is the main function of the lacrimal gland?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The lacrimal gland’s primary role is to secrete the aqueous (watery) component of the tear film, which lubricates and protects the cornea and conjunctiva. Tears also help flush away debris and contain antimicrobial factors (e.g., lysozyme) that reduce infection risk. Aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary body, eye movement is controlled by extraocular muscles and cranial nerves, and pupil dilation is controlled by autonomic innervation of the iris dilator muscle.

Question 41

.......... is the only human body part that can be transplanted without any incompatibility?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cornea is avascular (lacks blood vessels), so it is relatively immune-privileged and triggers much less immune response than solid organs. Because there is minimal exposure to circulating immune cells and antibodies, corneal grafts often do not require ABO matching and may need less systemic immunosuppression compared with liver or kidney transplants. In contrast, liver and kidney are highly vascular and require careful donor-recipient compatibility and immunosuppression. Tongue transplantation is not a standard transplant with predictable incompatibility rules.

Question 42

Conjunctivitis is a disease of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin mucous membrane covering the sclera and lining the inside of the eyelids. Because this structure is part of the eye, conjunctivitis is an ocular condition. It commonly presents with redness, irritation, tearing, and discharge depending on cause (viral, bacterial, or allergic). Therefore, the correct option is Eye.

Question 43

Blepharitis is the Inflammation of the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blepharitis refers to inflammation of the eyelid margins, often involving the bases of the eyelashes and associated glands (meibomian glands). It commonly presents with red, irritated, crusted lids and may be related to bacterial colonization, seborrheic dermatitis, or meibomian gland dysfunction. Iris, retina, and cornea inflammations have different names (iritis/uveitis, retinitis, and keratitis, respectively). Therefore, the correct structure is the eyelids.

Question 44

How is clouding of the lens of the eye called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Clouding (opacification) of the eye’s natural crystalline lens is called a cataract and typically causes painless, gradual blurring of vision and glare. Astigmatism refers to irregular corneal/lens curvature causing distorted focus, not lens opacity. Myopia and hyperopia are refractive errors due to focusing of light in front of or behind the retina, respectively, without lens clouding.

Question 45

Which part of the eye is affected by cataract disease?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A cataract is an opacity (clouding) of the eye’s crystalline lens, which interferes with light transmission to the retina. This leads to painless, progressive blurring of vision, glare, and reduced contrast sensitivity. The retina and optic nerve are not the primary structures affected in cataract; they are involved in other disorders (e.g., retinal detachment, glaucoma/optic neuropathy).

Question 46

Presence of two or more pupillary openings in a single iris is characteristic of which condition?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Polycoria is defined as the presence of two or more pupillary openings within the same iris. Aniridia refers to partial or complete absence of the iris, and corectopia is displacement of a single pupil from its normal central position. Coloboma is a congenital defect causing a keyhole or notch-like iris defect rather than multiple distinct pupil openings.

Question 47

Which of the following lens is used to correct myopia?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Myopia (nearsightedness) occurs when images focus in front of the retina, commonly due to an elongated eyeball or excessive refractive power. A concave (diverging) lens spreads incoming light rays, moving the focal point backward onto the retina. Convex lenses converge light and are used for hyperopia, while cylindrical lenses correct astigmatism.

Question 48

A patient has to undergo endonasal surgery for posterior ethmoidal air cells Which nerve could be involved?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The posterior ethmoidal air cells lie adjacent to the orbital apex, where the optic nerve runs in close relation to the posterior ethmoid/sphenoid region. In particular, the posterior ethmoid (including Onodi cells when present) can closely abut or even surround the optic canal, putting the optic nerve at risk during endonasal surgery. Trochlear and oculomotor nerves are more related to the cavernous sinus/superior orbital fissure region rather than the posterior ethmoid air cells. The ophthalmic nerve (V1) supplies sensation but is not the classic high-risk nerve specifically tied to posterior ethmoid air cell surgery compared with the optic nerve.

Question 49

What is the cleanest part of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Among the options, the eye is typically considered the "cleanest" because the ocular surface is continuously bathed and flushed by tears. Tears contain antimicrobial components (e.g., lysozyme, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins) and help mechanically remove debris and microbes via blinking and drainage through the nasolacrimal system. In contrast, the tongue and hands have high microbial colonization due to constant exposure and contact with environmental surfaces.

Question 50

In eye donation, which one of the following parts of donor's eye is utilized?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In routine eye donation for transplantation, the cornea is the primary tissue harvested and used for corneal grafting (keratoplasty) to restore vision in corneal blindness. The cornea is avascular, which reduces rejection risk and makes it suitable for preservation and transplant. Iris, lens, and retina are not typically the standard tissues utilized in common eye donation programs for vision-restoring transplantation.

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