Question 1

Cranial nerves supplying eyes are?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Extraocular movements are controlled by cranial nerves III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), and VI (abducens). CN V is mainly sensory to the face and orbit, and CN VII supplies the muscles of facial expression, not extraocular muscles.

Question 2

Is myopia a human eye disorder that can be corrected by using a lens?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In myopia, light is focused in front of the retina; diverging (concave) lenses move the focal point backward onto the retina to restore clear distance vision.

Question 3

On exposure to light, rhodopsin forms?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Light converts 11-cis-retinal in rhodopsin to all-trans-retinal (rhodopsin bleaching), initiating phototransduction.

Question 4

The client with color blindness is most likely to have problems distinguishing which of the following colors?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The most common color vision deficiency is red–green color blindness, which leads to difficulty distinguishing red hues from other colors.

Question 5

Which instrument is used to measure intraocular pressure (IOP)?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Intraocular pressure is measured by tonometry using a tonometer. A torch provides light, an ophthalmoscope examines the fundus, and the Snellen chart tests visual acuity.

Question 6

How much does a human eye weigh?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The average adult human eyeball weighs about 7.5 grams.

Question 7

What is the weight of the human eye?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An adult human eyeball has a mass of around 7–8 grams; 8 g is the closest option.

Question 8

What is the only part of the human body that has no blood supply?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cornea is avascular; it receives oxygen and nutrients from the tear film and aqueous humor rather than blood vessels.

Question 9

What is abnormal sensitivity to light known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Abnormal light sensitivity is termed photophobia. Hydrophobia is fear of water (rabies), diplopia is double vision, and aphasia is language impairment.

Question 10

Which of the following fluids is present in the posterior chamber of the eye?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The posterior chamber (between the iris and lens) contains aqueous humor; vitreous humor is found in the vitreous chamber behind the lens.

Question 11

The first sign of xerophthalmia is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Night blindness is the earliest symptom of vitamin A deficiency, but the earliest ocular sign is Bitot's spots; corneal ulceration occurs later.

Question 12

Keratomalacia refers to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Keratomalacia is softening/melting (liquefaction) of the cornea due to severe vitamin A deficiency. Dryness of conjunctiva/cornea (xerosis) and Bitot spots are different findings.

Question 13

In the human eye, where does the greatest refraction occur-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Most of the eye’s refractive power is at the air–cornea interface due to the largest change in refractive index, so greatest refraction occurs as light enters the cornea from air.

Question 14

Blepharitis is the inflammation of the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blepharitis derives from blepharo- meaning eyelid; it is inflammation of the eyelid margins.

Question 15

What device is used to test vision accuracy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Snellen chart is the standard tool to assess visual acuity (vision accuracy).

Question 16

Which of the following are risk factors for macular degeneration in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Age is the strongest and defining risk factor for age-related macular degeneration, with risk rising markedly after 60. Eye strain from screen use is not a recognized risk factor.

Question 17

What is the diagnosis of the eye condition characterized by conjunctival necrosis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The description matches necrosis of the conjunctiva; therefore the diagnosis is conjunctival necrosis rather than a vitamin deficiency or conjunctival calcification.

Question 18

Which finding is most characteristic of exophthalmos in a patient diagnosed with Graves' disease?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Exophthalmos is defined as abnormal outward protrusion of the eyeball, a hallmark of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Other findings may occur but are not the defining feature.

Question 19

Which extrinsic muscle of the eye is not supplied by the oculomotor nerve?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: All listed rectus muscles are innervated by the oculomotor nerve (CN III), whereas the superior oblique is innervated by the trochlear nerve (CN IV).

Question 20

Which part of the human body has no blood supply?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cornea is avascular and receives nutrients and oxygen from tears and aqueous humor; nails, hair follicles, and teeth have vascularized supporting tissues.

Question 21

Retinal is a component of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Retinal (11-cis-retinal, vitamin A aldehyde) is the chromophore that combines with opsin to form rhodopsin in rod photoreceptors.

Question 22

A value of 20/80 on visual acuity means that the patient can see at ____ feet what normal people see at ____ feet?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In Snellen visual acuity, the first number is the testing distance (20 ft) and the second is the distance a person with normal vision could read the same line. Thus 20/80 means the person sees at 20 ft what normal vision sees at 80 ft.

Question 23

Which condition is caused by elevated intraocular pressure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure that can damage the optic nerve.

Question 24

Which eye disorder is characterized by cloudy vision?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cataracts involve clouding of the lens, producing cloudy or blurred vision. Glaucoma causes peripheral vision loss from increased IOP, macular degeneration affects central vision, retinal detachment causes sudden curtain-like loss, and hyphema is anterior chamber bleeding.

Question 25

Which of the following glands secrete tears?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tears are produced by the lacrimal (lachrymal) glands of the eye; pituitary, thyroid, and pancreas are endocrine glands with unrelated secretions.

Question 26

Which symptom is not associated with glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A curtain/veil over the vision is classic for retinal detachment, not glaucoma. Glaucoma commonly presents with halos around lights, blurred or foggy vision, and may include eye pain in acute angle-closure.

Question 27

Which structure of the eye is helpful in changing the thickness of the lens?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The ciliary body (ciliary muscle) alters lens curvature via zonular fibers during accommodation, changing lens thickness. The sclera is a protective outer coat, and the iris regulates pupil size.

Question 28

Which cavity is described by the anatomical features including the lacrimal gland, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The lacrimal gland, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct are components of the lacrimal apparatus located within the orbit, identifying the orbital cavity.

Question 29

Glaucoma is a disease connected with which organ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Glaucoma is an eye disorder characterized by increased intraocular pressure leading to optic nerve damage.

Question 30

Blepharitis is the inflammation of which body part?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blepharitis derives from blepharo- (eyelid) and -itis (inflammation), meaning inflammation of the eyelids.

Question 31

Cataracts result in opacity of the crystalline lens. Which of the following best explains the functions of the lens?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The crystalline lens refracts incoming light to focus it precisely on the retina for clear vision; cataract opacity disrupts this focusing. Eye movement is controlled by extraocular muscles, and the lens does not control retinal stimulation or magnify small objects as its primary function.

Question 32

Which of the following diseases is characterized by clouding of the eye's lens?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A cataract is lens opacity leading to clouding of vision; glaucoma involves elevated intraocular pressure, while kyphosis and scoliosis are spinal deformities.

Question 33

What is the function of the eye in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The eye is the sensory organ for sight; vision is its primary function. Taste, breathing, and smell involve the tongue, lungs/respiratory system, and nose/olfactory system respectively.

Question 34

What is the study of eyes called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine dealing with the eyes; odontology refers to teeth and osteology to bones.

Question 35

The message from the eye is sent to the brain through which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Visual signals from the retina are transmitted to the brain via cranial nerve II, the optic nerve. The auditory nerve is for hearing, the olfactory nerve for smell, and the spinal cord is not the direct pathway for vision.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a characteristic of nystagmus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Nystagmus is described by its direction, plane, amplitude, and degree (grading). Pupil reaction pertains to the pupillary light reflex and is not a characteristic used to describe nystagmus.

Question 37

What is the term for the inability of the eyes to move together in a coordinated manner?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Strabismus is misalignment of the eyes leading to failure of coordinated binocular movement.

Question 38

Which gland produces tears?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tears are produced by the lacrimal (lachrymal) glands. Sebaceous glands secrete sebum and sweat glands produce sweat.

Question 39

Which of the following is the name of this surgical procedure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Among the options, only cataract surgery is an eye procedure; the others involve obstetrics, general surgery, or orthopedics.

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of issues in the eyes?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Among the options, only 'Eyes' directly represents the organ where eye issues occur; the others are unrelated organs or general tissues.

Question 41

What is the shape of the lens found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The human crystalline lens is convex on both anterior and posterior surfaces, making it biconvex, which allows it to focus light onto the retina.

Question 42

Which area, also known as the blind spot of the human body, is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The optic disc is where the optic nerve exits the eye and contains no photoreceptors, creating the physiologic blind spot.

Question 43

Which nerve transmits messages from the eyes to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The optic nerve (cranial nerve II) carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain.

Question 44

Which disease presents the cat's eye reflex?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Amaurotic cat's eye reflex (leukocoria) is a classic sign of retinoblastoma due to light reflecting off the intraocular tumor.

Question 45

Which disease presents with barrel gun vision?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Barrel or tunnel vision indicates loss of peripheral visual fields, classically seen in advanced glaucoma.

Question 46

What muscle is used to blink the eye?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blinking is produced by the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle; orbicularis oris moves the lips, and 'palpebral lateral' is not the correct muscle name.

Question 47

Bitemporal hemianopia is a characteristic feature of which condition?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bitemporal hemianopia results from compression of the optic chiasm, classically due to a pituitary tumor, causing loss of temporal visual fields in both eyes.

Question 48

What does a positive red reflex in a patient indicate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A positive red reflex indicates a clear visual axis with unobstructed media and intact retina; it is a normal finding. Opacities like cataract would diminish or alter the reflex.

Question 49

Which surgical procedure involves removal of the eyeball?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Enucleation is the surgical removal of the entire eyeball. Keratectomy and keratomileusis involve corneal reshaping/removal, and refractive lens exchange replaces the eye’s lens.

Question 50

Which is the innermost layer of the eye?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The retina forms the inner neural layer of the eye; the sclera and cornea are parts of the outer fibrous layer.

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