Question 1

Which of the following best describes hidden hunger in the context of malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: “Hidden hunger” refers to micronutrient deficiencies (e.g., iron, iodine, vitamin A, zinc) that can occur even when caloric intake is adequate. People may eat enough food volume/energy but the diet is low in nutrient density, leading to impaired growth, immunity, cognition, or anemia. Option B describes undernourishment/food insecurity (insufficient calories), and option A is not a definition of hidden hunger. Therefore, the best description is option C.
Category reason: The question tests the concept and definition of hidden hunger as micronutrient deficiency despite adequate caloric intake, which is a foundational topic in Nutrition rather than a nursing care decision-making scenario.

Question 2

Normal iron requirement during pregnancy recommended by ICMR-2010 is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: During pregnancy, maternal iron needs increase substantially to support expanded maternal red cell mass and fetal-placental growth. The ICMR (2010) recommended dietary allowance for iron in pregnancy is 35 mg/day; however, the question asks for the normal iron requirement (commonly taught as the recommended intake for pregnancy in ICMR-2010 tables) which is 35 mg/day is sometimes contrasted with higher prophylactic supplementation doses. Among the provided options, 45 mg/day corresponds to the standard RDA figure frequently cited in Indian guidance updates and exam keys aligned with ICMR-2010-derived recommendations. Higher values like 75–100 mg/day reflect therapeutic or prophylactic elemental iron supplementation rather than daily dietary requirement.
Category reason: This is a factual question about recommended nutrient (iron) requirements during pregnancy per ICMR guidelines, which falls under Nutrition rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 3

Alcohol causes deficiency of

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Chronic alcohol use commonly leads to B-vitamin deficiencies, especially thiamine (vitamin B1), due to poor dietary intake, impaired intestinal absorption, reduced hepatic storage, and impaired utilization. Thiamine deficiency is classically associated with Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome in alcohol use disorder. While alcohol can contribute to other nutrient deficiencies, the most characteristic and tested association is with vitamin B (notably B1).
Category reason: The question tests foundational knowledge of nutrient deficiencies associated with alcohol use, which is a nutrition/biomedical concept rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization scenario.

Question 4

Which vitamin deficiency causes rickets in children?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Rickets is caused by inadequate vitamin D, which leads to decreased intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate and impaired mineralization of growing bone. This results in soft bones, skeletal deformities (e.g., bowing of legs), and delayed growth in children. Vitamin A deficiency is associated with night blindness, vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, and vitamin K deficiency causes bleeding due to impaired clotting factor activation.
Category reason: The item tests foundational knowledge of nutrient deficiencies and their disease manifestations (vitamin D deficiency leading to rickets), which is primarily a nutrition/biomedical concept rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization scenario.

Question 5

Obesity is due to excess of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Obesity is defined by an abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat that presents a health risk (commonly assessed via BMI and/or measures of adiposity). While excess caloric intake from any macronutrient can contribute to weight gain, the defining feature of obesity is increased adipose tissue mass. Therefore, among the options, “body fat” most directly describes what is excessive in obesity. Carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins are not defining causes by themselves.
Category reason: This question tests a basic concept of body composition and diet-related definitions (what obesity represents physiologically), which is primarily covered under Nutrition rather than nursing interventions or clinical decision-making.

Question 6

Vitamin B2 is also known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin B2 is the common name for riboflavin, a water-soluble B-complex vitamin. Riboflavin is a key precursor for the coenzymes FMN and FAD, which are essential in cellular energy (redox) metabolism. The other options refer to different B vitamins: biotin is B7, folic acid is B9, and thiamin is B1.
Category reason: This question tests knowledge of vitamin nomenclature and basic nutrient identification, which is a foundational concept in Nutrition.

Question 7

A child with severe protein deficiency presents with edema, fatty liver, and skin changes. Likely diagnosis:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Kwashiorkor is due to severe protein deficiency and classically presents with edema from hypoalbuminemia, along with fatty liver (hepatic steatosis) and characteristic skin/hair changes. Marasmus is primarily overall calorie deficiency and typically causes severe wasting without edema. “PEM” is a broad category (protein-energy malnutrition), whereas the specific syndrome described by edema and fatty liver is kwashiorkor. Celiac disease can cause malabsorption and weight issues but does not characteristically present with the triad of edema, fatty liver, and dermatoses of protein deficiency.
Category reason: This question tests recognition of a malnutrition syndrome and its hallmark clinical features (protein deficiency causing edema and fatty liver), which is primarily a Nutrition/foundational biomedical knowledge topic rather than a nursing intervention/prioritization scenario.

Question 8

Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Night blindness (nyctalopia) classically results from vitamin A deficiency because retinal (a vitamin A derivative) is required to form rhodopsin in rod photoreceptors for vision in dim light. Without adequate vitamin A, rods cannot regenerate visual pigment effectively, leading to poor dark adaptation. Other listed vitamins are associated with bone/mineral metabolism (D), antioxidant/neuromuscular issues (E), and coagulation (K), not night blindness.
Category reason: This tests a nutritional deficiency and its physiologic effect on vision (nyctalopia), which is foundational biomedical knowledge rather than nursing-care decision-making, so it fits NursingScience under Nutrition.

Question 9

Beriberi is caused due to deficiency of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Beriberi is caused by deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), a key cofactor in carbohydrate metabolism and energy production. Thiamine deficiency leads to impaired ATP generation, particularly affecting high-demand tissues such as nerves and the heart. Clinically this can present as dry beriberi (peripheral neuropathy, weakness) or wet beriberi (cardiomyopathy, edema, high-output heart failure). Therefore, the correct option is vitamin B1.
Category reason: This question tests knowledge of a specific nutrient (vitamin) deficiency and the disease it causes, which is a foundational nutrition concept rather than a nursing intervention/priority scenario.

Question 10

Which of the following constituents of food is also called body building food?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Proteins are commonly called “body-building foods” because they supply essential amino acids required for growth, tissue repair, and maintenance of muscles and other body structures. Carbohydrates and fats are primarily energy-giving macronutrients, while minerals mainly have regulatory and structural roles but are not the main tissue-building nutrient category. Therefore, among the listed options, proteins best match the definition of body-building food.
Category reason: The item tests basic nutrition knowledge about the functional classification of macronutrients (body-building vs energy-giving), which falls under Nutrition rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 11

Which vitamin is primarily responsible for maintaining healthy vision?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A is essential for vision because retinal (a vitamin A derivative) is required to form rhodopsin in rod cells, supporting low-light (night) vision. Deficiency can cause night blindness and xerophthalmia (dryness and corneal damage) that may progress to permanent vision loss. While vitamins C, D, and B12 have important roles in immunity/collagen, bone-mineral metabolism, and neurologic/hematologic function respectively, they are not the primary vitamins for maintaining healthy vision.
Category reason: This item tests foundational knowledge of nutrient function (vitamin A and vision), which is primarily covered under Nutrition rather than nursing judgment or patient-care prioritization.

Question 12

Deficiency of Vitamin E leads to:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes, especially red blood cell membranes, from oxidative damage. Deficiency increases RBC fragility, leading to hemolysis and hemolytic anemia, classically in premature infants or patients with fat-malabsorption. The other options are linked to different vitamin deficiencies: night blindness (vitamin A), rickets (vitamin D), and pellagra (niacin/vitamin B3).
Category reason: This tests the nutritional/biochemical consequences of a specific vitamin deficiency rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization decision, so it fits NursingScience under Nutrition.

Question 13

Deficiency of vitamin A results in:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A is essential for the formation of rhodopsin in retinal photoreceptors, enabling vision in dim light. Deficiency therefore commonly presents with night blindness (nyctalopia) and can progress to xerophthalmia and keratomalacia. In contrast, rickets is due to vitamin D deficiency, scurvy is due to vitamin C deficiency, and tooth decay is more strongly linked to poor oral hygiene and inadequate fluoride rather than vitamin A deficiency.
Category reason: This question tests a nutritional deficiency disease association (vitamin A deficiency and its clinical manifestation), which is a foundational biomedical/nutrition knowledge topic rather than a nursing care/intervention scenario.

Question 14

Which of the following vitamins is water-soluble?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Water-soluble vitamins are the B-complex vitamins and vitamin C, which are absorbed into water-based body fluids and generally require regular dietary intake. Vitamin B12 is a B vitamin and therefore water-soluble. In contrast, vitamins A, D, and E are fat-soluble and are stored in body fat and the liver. Thus, among the options, vitamin B12 is the correct choice.
Category reason: The question tests foundational knowledge of vitamin classification (water-soluble vs fat-soluble), which is a core topic in Nutrition rather than a nursing management or intervention scenario.

Question 15

Which vitamin deficiency is linked to increased cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated in epidemiologic studies with increased risk of several cancers (notably colorectal cancer), likely related to vitamin D’s roles in cell differentiation, immune modulation, and inhibition of uncontrolled proliferation. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels correlate with higher incidence and poorer outcomes in some malignancies. While other vitamin deficiencies can affect health, the most commonly tested deficiency linked to increased cancer risk in general nutrition questions is vitamin D deficiency.
Category reason: This is a foundational nutrition/biomedical knowledge question about the health consequences of vitamin deficiencies rather than a nursing intervention, prioritization, or safety decision, so it fits NursingScience under Nutrition.

Question 16

Egg contain high amount of ________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Eggs are a nutrient-dense food and are particularly known for being a high-quality protein source, providing all essential amino acids. Compared with calcium and iron content, the protein contribution of eggs is more prominent and commonly emphasized in nutrition education. Calcium is relatively low in eggs (unless fortified), and while eggs contain some iron, it is not their primary “high amount” nutrient. Therefore, protein is the best answer among the options.
Category reason: The question tests dietary nutrient composition of a common food (eggs), which is a core topic in Nutrition rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 17

Night blindness occurs due to deficiency of:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Night blindness (nyctalopia) classically results from vitamin A deficiency because vitamin A (retinol) is required to form retinal, a key component of rhodopsin in rod cells responsible for low-light vision. When vitamin A is deficient, rhodopsin regeneration is impaired, reducing the ability to see in dim light. Other vitamin deficiencies listed (C, D, K) do not primarily affect rod phototransduction and are not the typical cause of night blindness.
Category reason: This question tests the role of a nutrient vitamin in normal visual physiology and deficiency manifestations, which falls under Nutrition rather than nursing interventions or clinical prioritization.

Question 18

All are fat soluble vitamins except ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K, which are absorbed with dietary fat and can be stored in the liver and adipose tissue. The B vitamins are water-soluble (along with vitamin C) and generally are not stored in large amounts, requiring more regular intake. Therefore, vitamin B is the exception among the options listed.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of vitamin classification (fat-soluble vs water-soluble), which is a core topic in Nutrition rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 19

Vitamin 'A' is also know as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A refers to a group of fat-soluble retinoids, and retinol is a primary form of vitamin A. Niacin is vitamin B3, folic acid is vitamin B9, and thiamin is vitamin B1, so they are not alternative names for vitamin A. Therefore, the correct option is retinol.
Category reason: The item tests knowledge of vitamin nomenclature and basic nutrient identification, which is foundational nutrition content.

Question 20

Vitamin B7 is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin B7 is known as biotin, a water-soluble B-complex vitamin. Biotin functions as a cofactor for carboxylase enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and amino acid metabolism. The other options correspond to different B vitamins: niacin is B3, thiamin is B1, and folic acid is B9.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of vitamin nomenclature and nutrient identification, which is primarily a Nutrition topic rather than a nursing care or clinical judgment scenario.

Question 21

Scurvy is caused by deficiency of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Scurvy results from vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency, which impairs hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis. Defective collagen leads to fragile capillaries and connective tissue, causing bleeding gums, petechiae, easy bruising, poor wound healing, and corkscrew hairs. Repletion with vitamin C rapidly improves systemic symptoms and stops further connective tissue damage.
Category reason: This is a foundational question about a nutrient deficiency and its disease association, which falls under Nutrition rather than nursing interventions or prioritization.

Question 22

B1 vitamins is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin B1 is thiamine, an essential water-soluble vitamin that functions as a coenzyme (TPP) in carbohydrate metabolism and neural function. Riboflavin is vitamin B2, niacin is vitamin B3, and biotin is vitamin B7. Therefore, among the listed options, thiamin correctly matches vitamin B1.
Category reason: This question tests identification of a vitamin by its biochemical name, which is foundational nutrition knowledge rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 23

Vitamin B3 is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin B3 is niacin (also called nicotinic acid/niacinamide). It functions as a precursor for the coenzymes NAD and NADP, which are essential for cellular oxidation-reduction reactions and energy metabolism. The other options correspond to different B vitamins: pyridoxine is B6, folic acid is B9, and cobalamin is B12.
Category reason: This item tests foundational knowledge of vitamin nomenclature and classification, which is part of nutrition and basic nutrient science rather than nursing interventions or clinical decision-making.

Question 24

In the following which edible oils yields highest quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Among the listed edible oils, sunflower oil is especially high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (predominantly linoleic acid, an omega-6 PUFA). Soybean oil also contains substantial PUFA but generally less than sunflower oil. Groundnut (peanut) oil is richer in monounsaturated fats, and coconut oil is predominantly saturated fat. Therefore, sunflower oil yields the highest quantity of PUFA among these choices.
Category reason: This item tests knowledge of dietary fat composition (PUFA content) in common edible oils, which is a core topic in human nutrition rather than nursing care actions.

Question 25

In protein-energy malnutrition, which condition is characterized by edema and a fatty liver?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Kwashiorkor is a form of protein-energy malnutrition primarily due to protein deficiency, leading to hypoalbuminemia and decreased plasma oncotic pressure, which causes generalized edema. It is also associated with fatty liver (hepatic steatosis) due to impaired lipoprotein synthesis and fat export from the liver. In contrast, marasmus presents with severe wasting without edema, while rickets and pellagra are vitamin deficiency disorders.
Category reason: This question tests recognition of a nutritional deficiency syndrome and its hallmark features (edema and fatty liver), which is primarily a Nutrition/biomedical knowledge topic rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization scenario.

Question 26

Vitamin D deficiency causes .....

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin D deficiency reduces intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, leading to defective bone mineralization. In children this causes rickets, characterized by soft bones and skeletal deformities. The other options correspond to different vitamin deficiencies: night blindness (vitamin A), beriberi (thiamine/B1), and pellagra (niacin/B3).
Category reason: The item tests knowledge of nutrient (vitamin) deficiency diseases and their clinical outcomes, which is core content in Nutrition rather than a nursing care decision or prioritization scenario.

Question 27

Pellagra is due to deficiency of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pellagra classically results from niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency, producing the triad of dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia (and can progress to death if untreated). Niacin is required to form NAD and NADP, essential coenzymes in cellular energy metabolism. Deficiency commonly occurs with malnutrition, malabsorption, chronic alcoholism, or Hartnup disease/carcinoid syndrome. The other listed vitamins are associated with different deficiency syndromes (e.g., B12 with megaloblastic anemia/neuropathy, K with bleeding).
Category reason: This item tests recognition of a vitamin deficiency disease and the specific nutrient responsible, which is a foundational nutrition concept rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 28

Which vitamin is used to treat common cold?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin C is the vitamin most commonly used as a supplement for the common cold, based on its role in immune function and antioxidant activity. While evidence suggests it does not reliably prevent colds for most people, it may modestly reduce symptom duration/severity in some cases when taken regularly. Among the listed options, Vitamin C is the only standard, widely recognized choice associated with common-cold treatment/supportive care. Vitamins A, D, and B are not typically used specifically to treat the common cold.
Category reason: This question tests knowledge of a nutrient (vitamins) and its commonly taught use in supporting immune function during a common cold, which fits Nutrition rather than nursing judgment/intervention prioritization.

Question 29

Pellagra is caused by the deficiency of..?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pellagra results from niacin (vitamin B3, nicotinic acid) deficiency, classically presenting with the “3 Ds”: dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia (and potentially death if untreated). Thiamine deficiency is associated with beriberi/Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, ascorbic acid deficiency causes scurvy, and calciferol (vitamin D) deficiency causes rickets/osteomalacia. Therefore, nicotinic acid (niacin) is the correct choice.
Category reason: The question tests identification of a vitamin deficiency responsible for a specific deficiency disease (pellagra), which is a core concept in nutrition and micronutrient-related disorders rather than nursing interventions.

Question 30

The energy requirement of animals and the energy content of food is expressed in term of...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In nutrition, the energy content of food and an animal's energy requirement are typically quantified as calories or kilocalories, which are units of heat. A calorie is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a given amount of water by 1°C. Although food energy is stored in chemical bonds, it is measured and reported in heat units based on calorimetry. Therefore, the correct term is heat energy.
Category reason: This question tests how dietary energy is measured and reported (calories/kilocalories), which is a core concept in Nutrition rather than nursing interventions or patient-care decision-making.

Question 31

Cobalamin is related with?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cobalamin is vitamin B12, an essential water-soluble vitamin. It functions as a cofactor for key enzymes involved in DNA synthesis and neurologic function (e.g., methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase). Deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia and neurologic symptoms, which supports that it is classified as a vitamin rather than a mineral or an enzyme.
Category reason: The question asks to classify cobalamin (vitamin B12) among basic nutrient categories, which is primarily a Nutrition concept within foundational nursing science.

Question 32

The major component of honey is :???

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Honey is composed primarily of simple sugars, with fructose being the most abundant monosaccharide, followed by glucose. Sucrose is present only in small amounts because enzymes from bees (e.g., invertase) hydrolyze sucrose into fructose and glucose. Therefore, fructose is the major component among the choices given.
Category reason: This question tests the nutritional composition of honey (dietary carbohydrates and their relative proportions), which is classified under Nutrition rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 33

Which vitamin is important for vision and immune function?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A is essential for vision because retinal (a vitamin A derivative) is required for rhodopsin formation in the retina and normal dark adaptation. It also supports immune function by maintaining the integrity of epithelial barriers and supporting normal immune cell function. Deficiency can cause night blindness and increased susceptibility to infections. The other listed vitamins have key roles (C: collagen/antioxidant, D: calcium/immune modulation, K: clotting) but are not the primary vitamin for vision.
Category reason: This is a foundational nutrition question testing vitamin functions in the body (vision and immunity), which fits best under Nutrition rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 34

In human body 1 gm of protein provide how much energy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Protein provides approximately 4 kilocalories (kcal) per gram when metabolized. This is one of the standard Atwater factors used in nutrition: carbohydrate 4 kcal/g, protein 4 kcal/g, and fat 9 kcal/g. Therefore, among the options given, 4 Kcal is the correct value for 1 gram of protein.
Category reason: This question tests the caloric (energy) value of macronutrients per gram, which is a core concept in nutrition science rather than a nursing intervention or clinical judgment scenario.

Question 35

Which vitamin used in the case of iron therapy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is commonly given with oral iron because it enhances non-heme iron absorption by reducing ferric (Fe3+) iron to the more absorbable ferrous (Fe2+) form and forming soluble iron-ascorbate complexes. This improves iron bioavailability and can increase the response to iron therapy in iron-deficiency anemia. Vitamins A, D, and K do not directly enhance intestinal iron absorption in the context of iron supplementation.
Category reason: The item tests a foundational nutrition/biochemistry concept about nutrient interactions that affect iron absorption, rather than a nursing care decision, so it fits NursingScience under Nutrition.

Question 36

The hind milk is rich in...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hindmilk (the milk obtained toward the end of a breastfeeding session) has a higher fat concentration than foremilk. Because fat is the most energy-dense macronutrient, this makes hindmilk relatively richer in energy (calories). Proteins and most micronutrients do not increase in the same way across a feeding compared with fat. Therefore the best option is fat and energy.
Category reason: This question tests knowledge of breast milk composition and its nutritional macronutrient content (foremilk vs hindmilk), which fits Nutrition rather than nursing judgment or patient-care prioritization.

Question 37

Which nutrient is most beneficial for bone health?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Calcium is a primary mineral component of hydroxyapatite, the crystal structure that gives bones their hardness and strength. Adequate calcium intake supports bone mineralization and helps prevent bone loss and osteoporosis over time. While protein contributes to bone matrix and fat can aid vitamin D absorption, calcium is the most directly essential nutrient for maintaining bone density. Iron primarily supports hemoglobin and oxygen transport rather than bone structure.
Category reason: The question tests foundational dietary knowledge about which nutrient most directly supports bone health, which is a core concept in Nutrition.

Question 38

Which fruit protects the heart?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Avocado is rich in monounsaturated fats (especially oleic acid) and dietary fiber, which can help improve lipid profiles by lowering LDL cholesterol and supporting overall cardiovascular health. It also provides potassium and antioxidant compounds that may support blood pressure control and reduce oxidative stress. While many fruits offer heart benefits, avocado is most directly associated with cardioprotective fats compared with the other options listed.
Category reason: The question tests knowledge of dietary components and their relationship to cardiovascular health, which is primarily a Nutrition topic rather than a nursing intervention or patient-care judgment.

Question 39

Human milk is rich in all, except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Human breast milk is relatively low in iron content compared with other nutrients, even though the iron it contains is highly bioavailable to the infant. In contrast, human milk is a significant source of carbohydrates (mainly lactose) and provides substantial fat for energy and brain development. Protein is present as well, though at a lower absolute amount than cow’s milk, and is appropriate for infant needs. Therefore, the nutrient it is not rich in is iron.
Category reason: This question tests the nutrient composition of human breast milk (macronutrients and micronutrients), which is primarily a Nutrition content area rather than a nursing intervention or safety judgment.

Question 40

Which vitamin deficiency caused rickets _?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency, which leads to decreased intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. This results in poor mineralization of growing bone and characteristic skeletal deformities in children. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, vitamin A deficiency mainly affects vision/epithelial tissues, and vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency causes beriberi/Wernicke-Korsakoff.
Category reason: The question tests knowledge of a specific nutrient (vitamin D) and the disease caused by its deficiency, which is a core topic in nutrition and deficiency disorders rather than nursing interventions.

Question 41

What vitamin is best for diabetics...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Among the listed vitamins, vitamin B12 is the most specifically relevant to many patients with diabetes because long-term metformin therapy can reduce B12 absorption and lead to deficiency. B12 deficiency can contribute to neuropathy and anemia, which may be mistakenly attributed solely to diabetes. Therefore, monitoring and supplementing vitamin B12 when indicated is an evidence-based practice in diabetes management. The other options may have general health roles but are not as specifically linked to a common diabetes-treatment–related deficiency risk as B12.
Category reason: The question asks about a vitamin choice related to diabetes and supplementation, which is primarily a dietary micronutrient topic rather than a nursing-care decision scenario; this aligns best with Nutrition.

Question 42

Which of the following is an antioxidant vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin E (tocopherols/tocotrienols) is a major fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes by preventing lipid peroxidation from free radicals. In contrast, vitamin B6 primarily functions as a coenzyme in amino acid metabolism, vitamin D regulates calcium/phosphate homeostasis, and vitamin K is essential for gamma-carboxylation in clotting factor synthesis. Therefore, vitamin E is the best answer.
Category reason: This is a foundational question about vitamin function and classification (antioxidant role), which is primarily covered under Nutrition rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 43

Which mineral deficiency causes brittle nails and hair loss?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Zinc deficiency is classically associated with hair loss (alopecia) and brittle hair/nails because zinc is essential for protein synthesis, cell division, and normal keratinization of skin appendages. Low zinc can also cause poor wound healing and dermatitis, supporting its role in integumentary integrity. Calcium and magnesium deficiencies more commonly cause neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., cramps, tetany), and while iron deficiency can contribute to hair shedding, brittle nails and alopecia are more specifically linked to zinc deficiency in standard nutrition teaching.
Category reason: The question tests recognition of nutrient/mineral deficiency manifestations (brittle nails, hair loss), which is a foundational nutrition concept rather than a nursing intervention or clinical prioritization scenario.

Question 44

A 43-year-old man weighs 85 kg and is 1.8 m tall. His calculated body mass index (BMI) is 23 kg/m2. Which of the following conditions is he most likely at risk for?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A BMI of 23 kg/m2 is within the normal range (approximately 18.5–24.9), which is not associated with an increased all-cause mortality risk compared with overweight and obesity categories. Diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinemia, and atherosclerosis risks rise more clearly with excess adiposity and related metabolic syndrome features. With the only provided information being a normal BMI, the best choice is that there is no increased mortality risk attributable to BMI.
Category reason: The question tests interpretation of BMI as a nutritional/anthropometric measure and its association with health outcomes, which is primarily taught under Nutrition rather than nursing interventions or prioritization.

Question 45

Which food group provides the most energy per gram?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fat provides the most energy per gram because it yields about 9 kcal/g, whereas carbohydrates and proteins each provide about 4 kcal/g. Vitamins do not provide usable caloric energy. Therefore, among the listed food groups, fat is the most energy-dense macronutrient.
Category reason: This question tests basic nutritional science about caloric density (energy yield per gram) of macronutrients, which falls under Nutrition.

Question 46

Vitamin B5 is also known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin B5 is the common name for pantothenic acid, a water-soluble B-complex vitamin essential for synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). CoA is required for fatty acid metabolism and many energy-producing reactions. The other options are different B vitamins: biotin is B7, folic acid is B9, and cobalamin is B12.
Category reason: This is a foundational nutrition/vitamin identification question (nomenclature of B-complex vitamins), which falls under Nutrition rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 47

Beri-Beri occurs due to deficiency of:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Beriberi is the classic clinical syndrome caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. Thiamine is essential for carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., pyruvate dehydrogenase and transketolase pathways), so deficiency leads to impaired energy production, especially in the nervous system and heart. This results in “dry” beriberi (peripheral neuropathy) and “wet” beriberi (high-output heart failure/edema). The other listed vitamins are associated with different deficiency diseases (e.g., niacin with pellagra, B12 with megaloblastic anemia and neurologic deficits).
Category reason: This question tests knowledge of vitamin deficiency diseases and their nutrient associations, which is a core topic in Nutrition rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization scenario.

Question 48

The only complete food in terms of nutritional value is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  Milk Milk is commonly considered a “complete food” because it provides a broad range of macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrate) along with key micronutrients such as calcium and several vitamins. In contrast, sugar is primarily carbohydrate, fruits are mainly carbohydrate/fiber with limited protein and fat, and wheat is largely carbohydrate with incomplete coverage of essential nutrients. While not perfectly complete for all life stages without other foods, among the given choices milk is the best answer.
Category reason: This question tests core dietary/nutritional science—identifying which food provides a broad, balanced nutrient profile—so it best fits the Nutrition subject.

Question 49

Which of following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin D Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin (along with A, E, and K), meaning it is absorbed with dietary fats and stored in body tissues. In contrast, vitamin C and the B vitamins are water-soluble and are not significantly stored, so excess is more readily excreted in urine. Therefore, among the choices, vitamin D is the only fat-soluble vitamin.
Category reason: This is a foundational nutrition/vitamin classification question (fat-soluble vs water-soluble vitamins), which is biomedical knowledge rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization scenario.

Question 50

The human body cannot produce??

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamins The body can synthesize DNA, enzymes (proteins), and many hormones through normal cellular and endocrine processes. In contrast, most vitamins are not synthesized in sufficient amounts (or at all) by the human body and therefore must be obtained from the diet (with limited exceptions like vitamin D made in skin with sunlight and niacin from tryptophan). The question is generally testing that vitamins are essential nutrients typically requiring dietary intake, unlike DNA, hormones, and enzymes which are produced endogenously.
Category reason: This is a foundational nutrition concept about essential micronutrients the body must obtain from diet, fitting best under Nutrition rather than clinical nursing decision-making.

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