Question 1

A client has developed a vitamin C deficiency. Which of the following symptoms might the nurse most likely see with this condition?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) impairs collagen synthesis, leading to fragile capillaries and poor connective-tissue integrity. This commonly causes swollen/bleeding gums, periodontal disease, and loosening of teeth, along with easy bruising and poor wound healing. The other options better match different deficiencies or nonspecific GI/CNS symptoms rather than the classic mucosal/gingival bleeding of scurvy.
Category reason: This question tests knowledge of clinical manifestations of a nutrient (vitamin C) deficiency, which falls under Nutrition rather than nursing prioritization or interventions.

Question 2

What is a calorie?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A calorie is a unit of energy, reflecting the energy available from food when metabolized. It is not a marker of “healthiness,” because foods with the same calorie content can differ widely in nutrient density (protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals). The other options confuse calories with ingredients or overall nutritional quality rather than energy content.
Category reason: This question tests the definition of calories as an energy measure in foods, which is a core concept in Nutrition.

Question 3

Who needs 2,000 calories a day?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Estimated daily energy needs depend mainly on body size and activity level. A common reference intake of about 2,000 kcal/day aligns with many moderately active adult women of average body weight. Many adult men, especially at 200 lb and active, generally require more than 2,000 kcal/day, so that option is less appropriate. “Every adult” is incorrect because calorie needs vary widely with sex, age, body mass, and activity.
Category reason: This item tests knowledge of typical daily caloric requirements based on body weight and activity level, which is a core Nutrition concept rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization task.

Question 4

A hard and fast rule of weight loss is that cutting 500 calories a day leads to dropping 1 pound a week.?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A deficit of about 3,500 kcal is commonly used as an estimate for losing ~1 lb of body weight. Reducing intake by 500 kcal/day over 7 days creates an approximate 3,500 kcal weekly deficit, so it’s generally expected to average around 1 lb/week. While individual results vary due to metabolic adaptation, water balance, and activity changes, the rule is a widely accepted guideline for approximating weight change.
Category reason: This item tests a foundational nutrition/energy-balance concept (calorie deficit to expected weight change) rather than a nursing intervention or clinical judgment scenario, so it fits Nutrition under NursingScience.

Question 5

Which nutrient is the building block of your body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Proteins supply amino acids that are required to build and repair body tissues, including muscle, skin, enzymes, and many hormones. Carbohydrates primarily provide energy (glucose) rather than serving as the main structural material. Fats are important for energy storage, cell membranes, and insulation, but they are not the primary “building blocks” for most body tissues.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of macronutrient roles in the body, specifically which nutrient supports tissue building and repair, which is a core concept in Nutrition.

Question 6

What are substances found in food that your body needs for survival, development, energy and growth? (Hint: There are 6 of them!)?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The stem defines the broad category of essential substances in food required for life, growth, and energy. The six major classes are carbohydrates, proteins, fats (lipids), vitamins, minerals, and water. Vitamins and minerals are only two of these classes, so they are incomplete as answers. Therefore the most inclusive and accurate term is the one that encompasses all six classes.
Category reason: This question tests basic dietary components required by the body, which is a core concept in Nutrition.

Question 7

What is our main source of energy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: They are the body’s primary and preferred fuel source for most tissues, especially the brain and red blood cells. They are rapidly broken down into glucose, which is used to generate ATP for immediate energy needs. While proteins can be used for energy, their main role is building and repairing tissues, and water provides no calories.
Category reason: This item tests basic dietary macronutrient roles and energy sources, which is primarily a Nutrition concept rather than a nursing intervention or clinical judgment scenario.

Question 8

Weak eyesight is due to deficiency of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A is required to form retinal (a component of rhodopsin) in rod cells, which is essential for normal vision, especially in dim light. Deficiency commonly causes night blindness and can progress to xerophthalmia, corneal dryness/ulceration, and broader visual impairment. The other listed vitamins are not primary causes of vision loss when deficient.
Category reason: This is a foundational question about a nutrient deficiency and its physiologic effect on vision, which fits best under Nutrition rather than nursing interventions or clinical prioritization.

Question 9

Pulse proteins are deficient in following amino acid-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pulses (legumes) are relatively low in sulfur-containing essential amino acids, primarily methionine (and often cysteine), making it the limiting amino acid in many pulse proteins. Cereals tend to be comparatively low in lysine, which is why combining cereals with pulses improves overall protein quality via mutual amino acid complementation. This concept is a core principle of dietary protein quality assessment and planning, especially in predominantly plant-based diets.
Category reason: This question tests knowledge of limiting amino acids and protein quality in common foods, which is a nutrition/biochemistry concept rather than a nursing care intervention.

Question 10

Which of the following is a good source of protein?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Animal meats are high in complete protein, providing essential amino acids needed for tissue repair, immune function, and muscle maintenance. Fruits (apple) and starchy foods (rice, potato) are primarily carbohydrate sources and contain relatively small amounts of protein. Therefore, among the options, this choice is the best dietary protein source.
Category reason: This question tests identification of macronutrient sources in foods, which is a core concept in Nutrition rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 11

The disease caused by deficiency of proteins is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Protein deficiency leads to hypoalbuminemia, which decreases plasma oncotic pressure and causes edema—classic for kwashiorkor. It is primarily a protein malnutrition state, often with relatively adequate calories compared with protein. Marasmus is mainly total calorie (energy) deficiency with severe wasting rather than edema, making it less specific for isolated protein deficiency. Ulcer and anemia are not the characteristic primary disease entities caused specifically by dietary protein deficiency.
Category reason: This item tests recognition of a classic nutritional deficiency disease (protein malnutrition vs energy malnutrition), which fits best under Nutrition rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 12

Which of following is not a characteristic feature of pellagra-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pellagra results from niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency and is classically defined by the “3 Ds”: dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia (and can progress to death if untreated). Neurologic involvement is primarily cognitive/psychiatric rather than sensorineural hearing loss. Therefore, hearing impairment is not considered a characteristic feature in the classic presentation.
Category reason: This item tests recognition of a vitamin-deficiency syndrome and its hallmark clinical manifestations, which falls under Nutrition rather than nursing process or patient-care decision-making.

Question 13

11 Which of the following vitamins cannot be found from a plant source?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin B12 is produced by microorganisms and is naturally found in animal-derived foods (and some fortified products), rather than in unfortified plant foods. Therefore, strictly plant-based diets typically require B12-fortified foods or supplementation to prevent deficiency. In contrast, vitamins A (as provitamin carotenoids), E, and B1 are widely available from plant sources.
Category reason: This question tests dietary sources of vitamins and nutrition science rather than nursing interventions or clinical prioritization.

Question 14

Daily requirement of folic acid for pregnant woman is-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pregnancy increases folate needs due to rapid cell division and expansion of maternal red blood cell mass. Adequate folate intake before conception and during early pregnancy reduces the risk of neural tube defects in the fetus. Typical nursing/biochemistry exam standards cite a higher daily requirement in pregnancy (about 0.5 mg) compared with non-pregnant adults.
Category reason: This question tests a recommended micronutrient requirement in pregnancy, which is core content of human nutrition rather than nursing prioritization or interventions.

Question 15

Nutrition can be defined as-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Nutrition is the science concerned with the intake of food, the nutrients it contains, and how these nutrients are utilized by the body to maintain health and prevent disease. A complete definition must link food to physiological function and health outcomes, not just growth or dietary planning. The other options are narrower subsets (growth/development, dietary management) or are vague and non-standard as a definition.
Category reason: This is a foundational definition question about what nutrition means as a scientific discipline, which fits the NursingScience subject of Nutrition rather than a patient-care decision-making NCLEX domain.

Question 16

Which mineral deficiency causes brittle nails & hair loss?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Zinc is essential for normal keratinization, protein synthesis, and cell division in hair follicles and nail matrix. Deficiency commonly presents with alopecia, brittle nails, and dermatitis, reflecting impaired epithelial tissue maintenance and wound healing. Calcium and magnesium deficiencies more typically cause neuromuscular symptoms, while iron deficiency is classically linked to anemia and may cause nail changes but is less characteristic than zinc for combined brittle nails with hair loss in this context.
Category reason: This item tests a nutrient/mineral deficiency associated with integumentary findings (hair and nails), which is primarily a foundational nutrition/biochemistry knowledge question rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization scenario.

Question 17

Which Vitamin is lost during polishing of rice?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Polishing removes the outer bran and germ layers of rice, which are the main storage sites for several B vitamins. Loss of this micronutrient from diets reliant on polished rice predisposes to deficiency states such as beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. In contrast, the other listed vitamins are not characteristically concentrated in the rice bran/germ in a way that makes polishing the classic cause of deficiency.
Category reason: This is a nutrient-deficiency question about how food processing affects vitamin content, which falls under Nutrition.

Question 18

3D's (diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis) are the characteristic of which deficiency disorder?(GMCH 2022)?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The triad of diarrhea, dermatitis (often photosensitive), and dementia is classic for pellagra, which results from deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3) or its precursor tryptophan. Niacin is required to form NAD/NADP for cellular redox reactions, so deficiency predominantly affects high-turnover tissues like skin and gastrointestinal mucosa and also the nervous system. Untreated pellagra can progress to the “4th D,” death. The other listed B-vitamin deficiencies have different hallmark findings (e.g., thiamine—Wernicke-Korsakoff/beriberi; riboflavin—cheilosis/glossitis; biotin—dermatitis/alopecia without the full 3D triad).
Category reason: This tests recognition of a vitamin deficiency syndrome (pellagra) and its classic clinical features, which is nutritional/biochemical knowledge rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization scenario.

Question 19

To overcome diabetes, a person can increase the intake of ________ and reduce the intake of _________.?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Dietary carbohydrates have the most direct and immediate effect on postprandial blood glucose, so reducing carbohydrate intake can improve glycemic control. Replacing some carbohydrate calories with healthy fats (especially unsaturated fats) can help lower glycemic excursions and may improve insulin sensitivity and lipid profile when total calories are appropriate. Very low-fat, high-carbohydrate patterns tend to worsen glucose spikes, while increased fat quality can support better metabolic control. Overall diabetes management also includes portion control, weight management, physical activity, and individualized medical nutrition therapy.
Category reason: This item tests dietary macronutrient modification for glycemic control, which is primarily a nutrition/medical nutrition therapy concept rather than a nursing intervention scenario.

Question 20

The percentage of carbohydrates out of total daily calorie consumption is ...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: General dietary guidance for macronutrient distribution typically places carbohydrates as the largest contributor to total daily energy intake, commonly around the mid-range of 45–65% of calories. Among the provided choices, 60% best fits this standard recommended range. The other options (30%, 10%, 5%) are far below usual recommendations and would represent very low-carbohydrate patterns rather than general daily intake guidance.
Category reason: This question asks about recommended macronutrient (carbohydrate) contribution to daily caloric intake, which is a foundational diet and macronutrient distribution concept in Nutrition.

Question 21

The recommended daily caloric intake for sedentary older men, active adult women and children is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Dietary guidance commonly uses 2,000 kcal/day as a reference intake because it approximates the needs of many moderately sized individuals with lower-to-moderate activity levels. Sedentary older men, active adult women, and children often have energy requirements around this midpoint compared with higher needs in very active adults. The other choices align more with higher (e.g., 2400–2800 kcal) or lower (e.g., 1600 kcal) typical daily needs depending on body size and activity.
Category reason: This question tests knowledge of recommended caloric intake ranges, which is a foundational dietary and energy-requirement concept within Nutrition rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 22

This Nutrient is needed for a healthy immune system and strong connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: It is essential for collagen synthesis, which supports the integrity of connective tissue (skin, gums, blood vessels) and wound healing. It also supports immune function by aiding leukocyte activity and providing antioxidant protection during inflammatory responses. Deficiency leads to impaired collagen formation with bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and increased infection susceptibility.
Category reason: This question tests knowledge of a dietary nutrient’s roles in immunity and connective tissue integrity, which is primarily a Nutrition topic.

Question 23

Neural tube defects (NTD) commonly result from deficiency of:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Neural tube closure occurs very early in embryogenesis, and inadequate folate disrupts DNA synthesis and methylation needed for rapid cell division. This increases the risk of defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. Periconceptional supplementation reduces incidence, which is why folate is recommended before conception and during early pregnancy.
Category reason: This question tests a nutrient deficiency and its association with a congenital malformation, which is primarily a foundational nutrition concept rather than a nursing intervention scenario.

Question 24

Kwashiorkor is caused by deficiency of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Kwashiorkor is a form of severe acute malnutrition characterized primarily by inadequate dietary protein intake, often with relatively sufficient calories from carbohydrates. Hypoalbuminemia from low protein leads to decreased oncotic pressure, causing generalized edema and a distended abdomen. It is also associated with fatty liver, skin/hair changes, and impaired immunity compared with simple calorie deficiency.
Category reason: This question tests knowledge of a specific nutrient deficiency causing a malnutrition syndrome, which falls under Nutrition.

Question 25

Which nutrient is most essential for wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: They provide amino acids needed for collagen synthesis, fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and overall tissue repair. Inadequate intake leads to delayed granulation, reduced tensile strength, and impaired immune function, increasing infection risk. While carbohydrates and fats supply energy and calcium supports bone-related processes, neither is as directly essential as protein for rebuilding damaged tissue.
Category reason: This question tests the role of specific nutrients in tissue repair and healing, which is a foundational concept in Nutrition rather than a nursing judgment/intervention scenario.

Question 26

Which is a water-soluble vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Water-soluble vitamins include the B-complex group and vitamin C, which are absorbed into body water and not stored extensively in adipose tissue. Excess amounts are generally excreted in urine, so regular dietary intake is needed. In contrast, vitamins A, D, and K are fat-soluble and are stored in the liver and body fat, increasing the risk of toxicity with chronic high intake.
Category reason: This tests basic nutrition knowledge about vitamin solubility classification (water-soluble vs fat-soluble), which falls under Nutrition.

Question 27

Iron-rich food includes:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Green leafy vegetables (e.g., spinach) are well-known dietary sources of non-heme iron and are commonly recommended to help prevent or manage iron deficiency. Milk is not iron-rich and can contribute to reduced iron intake when consumed in excess as a staple. Most fruits like banana and apple contain only small amounts of iron compared with iron-rich vegetables and other iron sources (meat, legumes, fortified cereals). Pairing non-heme iron foods with vitamin C improves absorption, while calcium can inhibit it.
Category reason: This item tests knowledge of dietary nutrient sources and basic nutrition principles rather than nursing interventions or prioritization.

Question 28

Amit, a 3 years old child is admitted in paediatric ward with diarrhoea, dementia and dermatitis. When his parents asks the doctor about cause of this symptoms, the doctor explains that these are due to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The triad of diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia is classic for pellagra, which results from niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency. Niacin is required for NAD/NADP-dependent redox reactions, so deficiency impairs energy metabolism in tissues with high turnover such as skin and gastrointestinal mucosa and affects the nervous system. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy (bleeding gums, petechiae, poor wound healing), not this triad. Trisomy 21 has characteristic dysmorphic features and developmental delay but does not cause the “3 D’s” presentation.
Category reason: This question tests recognition of a vitamin deficiency syndrome (pellagra) and links clinical features to a specific nutrient, which fits Nutrition within foundational biomedical nursing science.

Question 29

In children, scurvy may occur due to deficiency of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Scurvy results from impaired collagen synthesis due to lack of ascorbic acid, leading to fragile capillaries and defective connective tissue. Children can present with bleeding gums, petechiae, poor wound healing, bone pain, and impaired growth. Adequate dietary intake of fruits and vegetables prevents the condition and reverses symptoms with supplementation.
Category reason: This is a foundational question about a vitamin deficiency and its associated disease, which falls under Nutrition rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 30

A client asks why she needs folic acid. The nurse explains it helps prevent?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Folic acid is required for DNA synthesis and normal cell division during early embryogenesis. Adequate folate before conception and during the first trimester reduces failure of neural tube closure, lowering the risk of defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. Because the neural tube closes by about 4 weeks’ gestation, supplementation is emphasized preconceptionally and early in pregnancy. The other listed outcomes are not the primary, well-established prevention target of folate supplementation.
Category reason: This item tests a foundational nutrition concept (the preventive role of folic acid in pregnancy-related congenital anomalies) rather than a nursing action or prioritization, so it fits NursingScience under Nutrition.

Question 31

A child weighing

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: By standard pediatric anthropometric classification (e.g., Gomez), weight-for-age less than 60% is severe and 60–74% is moderate; with

Question 32

Which vitamin is fat-soluble?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with dietary fats and stored in liver and adipose tissue (A, D, E, K). This makes them more likely to accumulate and potentially cause toxicity with excessive supplementation compared with water-soluble vitamins. Vitamin D fits this fat-soluble group, whereas vitamin C and the B vitamins (B1, B12) are water-soluble and generally excreted in urine when in excess. Therefore, the only fat-soluble choice listed is vitamin D.

Question 33

Milk is a poor source of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Milk provides meaningful amounts of macronutrients and certain minerals, but it contains negligible ascorbic acid because vitamin C is water-soluble and not naturally abundant in bovine milk. In routine nutrition, milk is recognized as a strong source of calcium and contributes protein of high biologic value. Whole milk and many milk products also provide dietary fat (unless specifically skimmed). Therefore the nutrient most characteristically low in milk is vitamin C.

Question 34

Pellagra occurs due to deficiency of:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pellagra is caused by deficiency of vitamin B3, which is essential for forming the NAD/NADP coenzymes needed for cellular energy metabolism. When niacin is deficient, high-turnover tissues such as skin and gastrointestinal mucosa are particularly affected, producing the classic dermatitis and diarrhea. The neurologic manifestations (dementia) reflect impaired neuronal energy pathways. Thiamine deficiency instead classically causes beriberi/Wernicke-Korsakoff, and riboflavin deficiency causes cheilosis and corneal vascularization rather than pellagra.

Question 35

Deficiency of Vitamin C causes:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is required for collagen synthesis, so deficiency leads to defective connective tissue and fragile capillaries. This produces the classic scurvy findings of bleeding gums, petechiae/ecchymoses, poor wound healing, and corkscrew hairs. The other options map to different vitamin deficiencies: rickets to vitamin D, beriberi to thiamine (B1), and pellagra to niacin (B3). Therefore the only option consistent with vitamin C deficiency is scurvy.

Question 36

The reference Protein is ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Whole egg protein has historically been used as the standard because it is highly digestible and provides all essential amino acids in favorable proportions. Milk, meat, and fish are also high-quality complete proteins, but they are not classically used as the reference standard in basic nutrition comparisons. This question tests foundational nutrition concepts rather than clinical nursing decision-making.

Question 37

Flag sign is positive in......?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Kwashiorkor is characterized by inadequate dietary protein leading to hypoalbuminemia, edema, fatty liver, and changes in hair and skin pigmentation. Marasmus is predominantly calorie deficiency with severe wasting but typically lacks the prominent hair pigment banding pattern. Beriberi (thiamine deficiency) and scurvy (vitamin C deficiency) have different hallmark findings (neuropathy/cardiac failure and bleeding gums/petechiae, respectively), not flag sign hair changes.

Question 38

Which vitamin is lost during polishing of rice?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Polishing/milling rice removes these layers, markedly reducing thiamine content and leaving mostly the starchy endosperm. This loss is classically linked to thiamine deficiency risk and beriberi in populations relying on polished rice as a staple. The other options are not characteristically concentrated in rice bran in a way that makes polishing a classic cause of their deficiency.

Question 39

Vitamin A is also known as ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A refers to retinoids, with retinol being the primary dietary form important for vision (rhodopsin), epithelial integrity, and immune function. The other options are names of different vitamins: thiamine is vitamin B1, tocopherol is vitamin E, and cholecalciferol is vitamin D3. Therefore, the only option that correctly corresponds to vitamin A is retinol.

Question 40

How many calories are there in one gram of fat?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Because fat is the most energy-dense macronutrient, one gram yields 9 kilocalories. This value underpins calorie estimation in diet planning and interpreting nutrition labels. A common distractor is 4 kcal/g, which applies to carbohydrates and protein rather than fat.

Question 41

Calcium requirements during pregnancy in a day is ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: 1.5 gm Pregnancy increases maternal calcium needs to support fetal skeletal mineralization while maintaining maternal bone stores. Standard nursing/nutrition teaching in many exam references cites about 1.5 g/day as the recommended daily calcium requirement in pregnancy. This value best matches the commonly tested figure and fits typical antenatal dietary counseling targets. The higher gram options are more consistent with therapeutic supplementation scenarios rather than routine daily requirement. Therefore, the 1.5 g/day option is the best answer among the choices.

Question 42

Vitamin Which helps in Wound Healing is ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Deficiency impairs fibroblast function, delays granulation tissue formation, and increases capillary fragility leading to poor healing. It also supports immune function, helping reduce infection risk in healing wounds. In contrast, vitamin K mainly supports coagulation rather than collagen cross-linking and tissue regeneration.

Question 43

Vitamin D deficiency causes:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Deficiency leads to inadequate mineralization of the growing epiphyseal plates, causing skeletal deformities and growth disturbances classically seen in children. The other options correspond to different vitamin deficiencies: scurvy (vitamin C), beriberi (thiamine/B1), and pellagra (niacin/B3). Therefore the deficiency state most directly linked to low vitamin D is the bone disease described here.

Question 44

Which dietary component does the body most commonly use for energy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Carbohydrates are rapidly digested and absorbed, supporting continuous energy needs of tissues such as the brain and red blood cells. While fats provide a dense long-term energy store, they are not the most commonly used for quick, routine energy demands in typical metabolic conditions. Proteins are generally conserved for tissue building/repair and are used for energy mainly during prolonged fasting or inadequate carbohydrate intake.

Question 45

Amnio Acid defficient in wheat is ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Wheat, like most cereals, therefore provides incomplete protein quality unless complemented with lysine-rich foods. Legumes are lysine-rich and are classically paired with cereals to improve overall amino acid balance. In contrast, methionine tends to be relatively lower in many legumes rather than in cereals.

Question 46

The nutritional blindness is caused by the deficiency of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Deficiency therefore causes impaired dark adaptation (night blindness) and can progress to xerophthalmia, keratomalacia, and irreversible visual loss—classically termed nutritional blindness. The other listed vitamins have different hallmark deficiencies (e.g., vitamin D causes rickets/osteomalacia; vitamin K causes bleeding tendency) and do not primarily produce this visual syndrome. This makes the vitamin tied directly to vision physiology the best answer.

Question 47

Crackling or ulceration of the lips and angle of the mouth :-

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This presentation reflects epithelial inflammation and fissuring at the oral commissures rather than a dental deposit or periodontal discharge. Pyorrhea refers to purulent discharge from periodontal pockets, calculus is mineralized plaque on teeth, and sordes are crusts on the lips/teeth seen with dehydration or febrile illness rather than commissural fissures. Therefore the clinical description most specifically matches cheilosis.

Question 48

Highest source of vitamin A is seen in ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fish liver oil provides very high retinol content compared with plant foods, which contain provitamin A carotenoids that require conversion and therefore yield less active vitamin A per serving. Amla and guava are primarily rich in vitamin C rather than vitamin A. Green leafy vegetables do provide beta-carotene, but their vitamin A activity is typically lower than the concentrated preformed retinol in cod liver oil.

Question 49

High oxalate containing food items include :-

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Peanuts and chocolate are classic higher-oxalate items frequently cited in renal stone prevention guidance. Potato products (including chips) can also contribute meaningful oxalate depending on preparation and portion size, making them relevant in counseling. Because each listed item can be a significant oxalate source, the best answer is the inclusive choice.

Question 50

The most significant constituent of human breast milk by weight is ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This high water content provides adequate hydration for most healthy, exclusively breastfed infants without the need for supplemental water. While lactose (carbohydrate) is the main solid and fat contributes a large share of calories, neither exceeds water when considering total weight. Protein is present in smaller amounts compared with these other macronutrients.

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