Question 1

How many Chromosomes are there in the human beings?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Humans are diploid organisms, meaning most somatic cells contain two sets of chromosomes. The normal human karyotype has 46 chromosomes arranged as 23 pairs (22 pairs of autosomes plus 1 pair of sex chromosomes: XX or XY). Gametes (sperm and ova) are haploid and contain 23 chromosomes, but the question asks about human beings in general, implying somatic chromosome number. Therefore, 46 is the correct answer.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of the normal human karyotype and chromosome number, which is a core topic in Genetics rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 2

Hemophilia is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hemophilia A and B are classically inherited as X-linked recessive disorders. Because males have only one X chromosome, they are more likely to be affected when inheriting the mutated gene, while females are more commonly carriers due to having a second, usually normal X chromosome. Therefore statements about X-linked inheritance, female carrier status, and predominance in males are all correct, making "All of the above" the best answer.
Category reason: This item tests inheritance pattern (X-linked recessive) and sex-linked transmission, which is a core concept in Genetics rather than nursing interventions or prioritization.

Question 3

The preferred therapy in patients with maple syrup disease is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is due to an inherited deficiency of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex, causing accumulation of branched-chain amino acids and toxic metabolites. Liver transplantation provides functional enzyme activity and can prevent recurrent metabolic decompensations, making it the preferred definitive therapy in severe/classic MSUD. Dialysis or exchange transfusion may be used acutely to reduce toxins during metabolic crises, but they are not definitive long-term treatment. Sodium bicarbonate and phenobarbital do not address the underlying metabolic defect.
Category reason: This item tests knowledge of an inborn error of metabolism and its definitive treatment, which is primarily a genetics-based biomedical concept rather than a nursing care/priority scenario.

Question 4

Male sex chromosome is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In typical human sex determination, females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). The presence of the Y chromosome, particularly the SRY gene, initiates male gonadal development. Options like YY are not viable in humans, and XYY (47,XYY) is a sex chromosome aneuploidy but not the standard male karyotype.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of human chromosomal sex determination, which is a core topic in Genetics rather than clinical nursing decision-making.

Question 5

Which genetic disorder causes male infertility with absent vas deferens?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) is classically associated with CFTR gene mutations, which cause cystic fibrosis. In many males, CBAVD leads to obstructive azoospermia and infertility despite normal spermatogenesis. Down syndrome is not linked to absent vas deferens, Klinefelter’s causes primary testicular failure with small firm testes rather than vas deferens agenesis, and Turner’s affects phenotypic females.
Category reason: The item tests a genetic association (CFTR mutations and congenital absence of the vas deferens), which is foundational biomedical knowledge best categorized under Genetics rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 6

Sex chromosome found in females is in the form of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In typical human sex chromosome patterns, females most commonly have two X chromosomes (46,XX). Males typically have one X and one Y chromosome (46,XY). The option XXY represents Klinefelter syndrome (a male with an extra X), and XYX is not a standard karyotype notation for typical female sex chromosomes.
Category reason: This question tests basic inheritance and karyotype knowledge about human sex chromosomes, which is a core topic in Genetics rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 7

DNA is found in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In eukaryotic cells, DNA is primarily stored in the nucleus as chromosomal DNA. This is where genetic material is organized and replicated and where transcription begins. While small amounts of DNA also exist in mitochondria, among the provided choices the nucleus is the correct location.
Category reason: The question tests where genetic material (DNA) is located within cells, which is a core concept in genetics rather than a nursing intervention or clinical decision-making scenario.

Question 8

Who proposed the mutations theory in Evolution?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hugo de Vries proposed the mutation theory of evolution, emphasizing that new species can arise through sudden, heritable changes (mutations). This contrasted with purely gradual change as the only driver of evolutionary variation. Mendel is known for foundational inheritance laws, Dawkins for modern evolutionary theory (e.g., gene-centered view), and T.H. Morgan for chromosomal inheritance and linkage using Drosophila.
Category reason: The question tests foundational concepts about heredity and evolutionary change (mutation theory) and the scientists associated with these ideas, which falls under Genetics rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 9

What is the term for a gene that has multiple forms or alleles?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A gene that exists in multiple allelic forms within a population is described as polymorphic, reflecting genetic variation at that locus. Dominant and recessive describe inheritance patterns of alleles, not whether multiple alleles exist. “Monomorphic” would imply little to no allelic variation, the opposite of polymorphism. Therefore, the correct term is polymorphic gene.
Category reason: This question tests a foundational definition about allelic variation and polymorphism, which is a core concept in Genetics rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 10

Human have ______ of autosomes..

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Humans have 46 chromosomes total: 22 pairs of autosomes (44 autosomal chromosomes) plus 1 pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY). Autosomes are the non-sex chromosomes and are numbered 1 through 22. Therefore, the number of autosome pairs in humans is 22. Options listing higher pair counts are inconsistent with the normal human karyotype.
Category reason: This is a foundational question about human chromosome number and classification into autosomes versus sex chromosomes, which is studied in Genetics.

Question 11

Sex of baby depends on:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The ovum always contributes an X chromosome, while sperm can contribute either an X or a Y chromosome. Fertilization by an X-bearing sperm results in an XX (female) embryo, and fertilization by a Y-bearing sperm results in an XY (male) embryo. Therefore, the baby's genetic sex is determined by the sperm's sex chromosome.
Category reason: This item tests chromosomal sex determination (X vs Y contribution by gametes), which is a foundational inheritance concept within Genetics rather than a nursing intervention or patient-care decision.

Question 12

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each somatic (diploid) cell, arranged as 23 pairs. Of these, 22 pairs are autosomes and 1 pair are sex chromosomes (XX or XY). Gametes (sperm/egg) are haploid and contain 23 chromosomes, which combine at fertilization to restore 46.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge about human chromosome number and inheritance, which is a core concept in Genetics rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 13

Composition of male gene is...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In humans, typical chromosomal sex determination is based on the sex chromosomes: females are usually XX and males are usually XY. The presence of a Y chromosome (specifically the SRY gene region) initiates development of testes and male sexual differentiation pathways. Therefore, the standard composition for a male is XY.
Category reason: This question tests knowledge of human sex chromosome composition (XX vs XY), which is a core concept in Genetics rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 14

Colour blindness is an ______ linked recessive trait?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The most common inherited forms of color blindness (especially red-green color vision deficiency) are X-linked recessive. Because males have only one X chromosome (XY), a single recessive mutation on the X chromosome is enough to express the trait, making it more common in males. Females typically require mutations on both X chromosomes to be affected, so they are more often carriers. Therefore, the blank is best filled by “X chromosome.”.
Category reason: This question tests inheritance patterns and chromosomal linkage (X-linked recessive), which is a core concept in Genetics rather than patient-care decision-making.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a multiple allele system?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A multiple-allele system is when more than two alleles exist in the population for a single gene locus. The ABO blood group is determined by three alleles (IA, IB, and i), making it the classic example of multiple alleles. In contrast, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Huntington disease are typically taught as single-gene disorders with two allelic variants at a locus in individuals (normal vs mutant), not a multiple-allele series like ABO.
Category reason: This question tests the genetic concept of multiple alleles and uses ABO blood types as the example, which is a foundational Genetics topic rather than a nursing care/intervention decision.

Question 16

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are the macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information via sequences of nucleotides. DNA is the primary long-term storage molecule in most organisms, while RNA functions in gene expression and information transfer. Proteins mainly serve structural and enzymatic roles, and lipids primarily form cell membranes and store energy, not hereditary information.
Category reason: The question tests which class of biomolecules stores hereditary information, a core concept of Genetics rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 17

What genetic disorder is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An extra copy of chromosome 21 is trisomy 21, which causes Down syndrome. This is a chromosomal aneuploidy (most commonly due to nondisjunction) rather than a single-gene mutation. By contrast, cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia are autosomal recessive single-gene disorders, and Huntington's disease is autosomal dominant due to CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion.
Category reason: The question tests recognition of a chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21) and its associated genetic syndrome, which is a core concept in Genetics.

Question 18

Gene is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A gene is defined as a segment of DNA that contains the information to produce a functional product (usually a protein via mRNA, or a functional RNA). Histones are proteins that package DNA into chromatin; they are not part of the gene itself. RNA is produced from DNA during transcription, but the gene is not composed of RNA. Therefore, the best answer is that a gene is a segment of DNA.
Category reason: This question tests the basic definition of a gene and its relationship to DNA, RNA, and histones, which is a foundational concept in Genetics rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 19

The diagram that is used to predict possible genre types in an offspring is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A Punnett square is the standard genetics diagram used to predict the possible genotypes (and resulting phenotypes) of offspring from specific parental allele combinations. It lays out parental gametes on axes and shows all possible combinations in the offspring. A pedigree chart tracks inheritance patterns across generations, and a genogram maps family relationships/health history, but neither is primarily used to calculate predicted offspring genotype probabilities.
Category reason: This question tests foundational inheritance prediction using genetic tools (Punnett squares), which is a core topic in Genetics rather than clinical nursing decision-making.

Question 20

_____ is a rare genetic condition caused by mutations of certain genes that affect the amount of melanin your body produces that your hair and skin become white ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The description matches albinism, a genetic disorder in which mutations affecting melanin synthesis lead to reduced or absent pigment in the skin, hair, and often the eyes. Hemophilia is a clotting-factor deficiency causing bleeding, not hypopigmentation. Marfan syndrome is a connective tissue disorder with skeletal/cardiovascular features. Impetigo is a superficial bacterial skin infection and is not genetic.
Category reason: This item tests recognition of a hereditary condition due to gene mutations affecting pigment production, which is primarily a Genetics concept rather than a nursing intervention or safety decision.

Question 21

Which sequence correctly represents the hierarchy from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA/RNA, making it the smallest unit listed. Genes are segments of DNA composed of many nucleotides that encode functional products. Chromosomes are large DNA-protein structures containing many genes, so they are the largest level in this set.
Category reason: This question tests the organization of genetic material (nucleotide, gene, chromosome), which is a core concept in Genetics rather than clinical nursing decision-making.

Question 22

Lyons hypothesis for determination of Barr body is....?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: According to Lyon’s hypothesis, one X chromosome in each somatic cell becomes inactivated (lyonization) and condenses as a Barr body. Therefore, the number of Barr bodies equals the total number of X chromosomes minus 1 (X−1). For example, XX has 1 Barr body, XXX has 2, and XY has 0. Hence the correct expression is X−1.
Category reason: This question tests a core principle of X-chromosome inactivation and the genetic rule for calculating Barr bodies, which is a Genetics concept rather than a nursing intervention or clinical judgment item.

Question 23

Number of chromosomes in Zygote:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A human zygote forms when a haploid sperm (23 chromosomes) fertilizes a haploid ovum (23 chromosomes). The resulting cell is diploid, restoring the full chromosomal complement. Therefore, the zygote contains 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), which is the normal somatic chromosome number in humans.
Category reason: The question tests inheritance and chromosomal number after fertilization, which is a core concept in Genetics rather than nursing interventions or patient-care decision-making.

Question 24

Employment of hereditary principles in improvement of human race is___.

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Eugenics refers to the application of hereditary/genetic principles to improve the genetic quality of a human population by influencing reproduction. In contrast, euthenics focuses on improving individuals through environmental improvements (nutrition, sanitation, education) rather than heredity. Euphenics aims to improve phenotypic outcomes in individuals with genetic disorders (e.g., through medical treatment) without changing genes, and ethnology is the study of cultures/peoples.
Category reason: The stem asks for the term describing use of heredity principles to improve the human race, which is a core concept in Genetics rather than a nursing care/intervention scenario.

Question 25

Which of the following stores genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Genetic information in cells is stored primarily in DNA, which contains sequences of nucleotides that encode genes. These genes provide the instructions for making RNA and proteins, thereby determining inherited traits and guiding cellular function. Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are essential biomolecules but do not serve as the main repository of hereditary information in humans.
Category reason: The question asks which biomolecule stores hereditary (genetic) information, a core concept of Genetics focused on DNA as the genetic material.

Question 26

FEMALE CHROMOSOME IS?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In humans, female sex is typically associated with the XX sex chromosome complement, meaning the sex chromosome involved is the X chromosome. Males are typically XY, with the Y chromosome determining male sex development via the SRY gene. The numbers 22 and 23 refer to chromosome counts (22 pairs of autosomes and the 23rd pair being sex chromosomes), not a specific female chromosome. Therefore, the best answer is X.
Category reason: This question tests basic knowledge of sex chromosomes and human karyotype, which is a core topic in Genetics rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 27

Sex of the baby depends on whose chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In humans, the mother’s ovum always contributes an X chromosome, while the father’s sperm contributes either an X or a Y chromosome. An X-bearing sperm results in an XX (female) embryo, and a Y-bearing sperm results in an XY (male) embryo. Therefore, the baby’s sex is determined by which chromosome (X or Y) the father contributes at fertilization.
Category reason: This question tests inheritance of sex chromosomes (X and Y) and how they determine biological sex, which is a core concept in Genetics rather than nursing care decisions.

Question 28

Chromosome synapsis or bivalent formation occurs in___.

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Synapsis is the pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis, leading to formation of bivalents (tetrads). This pairing begins in the zygotene stage. Leptotene involves chromosome condensation, pachytene is when crossing over occurs after synapsis is established, and diplotene is when homologs begin to separate while remaining connected at chiasmata.
Category reason: The question tests stages of meiotic prophase I (synapsis/bivalent formation), which is a core concept in genetics and cell division rather than nursing interventions or patient care.

Question 29

X sperm fertilizer X egg what will be the result?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In humans, sex is determined by the sex chromosome contributed by the sperm. An X-bearing sperm fertilizing an X-bearing egg produces an XX zygote, which typically develops as female. Therefore, the result of X sperm + X egg is a female offspring.
Category reason: The question tests chromosomal sex determination (XX vs XY), which is a foundational concept in genetics rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 30

Sex of the baby depends on whose chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The mother’s ovum always contributes an X chromosome, while the father’s sperm contributes either an X or a Y chromosome. If an X-bearing sperm fertilizes the ovum, the fetus is XX (female); if a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes the ovum, the fetus is XY (male). Therefore, the father’s chromosome contribution determines the baby’s sex in typical chromosomal sex determination.
Category reason: This question tests basic inheritance of sex chromosomes (X and Y) and how parental gametes determine chromosomal sex, which is a Genetics concept rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 31

What is the basis unit of Heredity in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The gene is the basic unit of heredity because it is the functional segment of DNA that carries information for traits and can be transmitted from parents to offspring. Chromosomes are larger structures that contain many genes. DNA is the chemical molecule that genes are made of, but the unit that is inherited as a discrete factor is the gene. A cell is the basic unit of life, not the specific unit of heredity.
Category reason: The question tests foundational knowledge about inheritance and the basic hereditary unit, which is a core concept in Genetics rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 32

Male having Down's syndrome have sex chromosomes:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21 (an extra chromosome 21), not by a sex chromosome abnormality. Therefore, a male with Down syndrome typically has normal male sex chromosomes (XY) along with the additional autosome. Options like XXY (Klinefelter syndrome) and XYY represent different sex chromosome aneuploidies and are not the defining genetic change in Down syndrome.
Category reason: This question tests chromosomal/genetic basis of a condition (Down syndrome) and identification of sex chromosome complements, which is a Genetics topic rather than a nursing care/intervention decision.

Question 33

Which one is X-Linked dominant disorder?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Coffin-Lowry syndrome is classically inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern (often more severe in males, with affected females showing variable expressivity due to X-inactivation). In contrast, red-green colour blindness and haemophilia A/B are well-known X-linked recessive disorders. Therefore, among the listed options, Coffin-Lowry syndrome is the correct X-linked dominant condition.
Category reason: This question tests patterns of genetic inheritance (X-linked dominant vs X-linked recessive), which is core content in Genetics rather than nursing interventions or patient-care decision-making.

Question 34

Which chromosomes combination results in a baby girl?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In typical human sex determination, an XX karyotype corresponds to female sex development, while XY corresponds to male sex development due to the presence of the Y chromosome (SRY gene). A YY combination is not viable in humans because an X chromosome is required for essential genes. Therefore, the chromosome combination that results in a baby girl is XX.
Category reason: The item tests foundational inheritance/sex-determination concepts (sex chromosome combinations), which is primarily a genetics topic rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 35

Which is the start codon sequence?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In mRNA translation, the canonical start codon is AUG, which signals initiation of protein synthesis by recruiting the initiator tRNA. AUG codes for methionine (or formyl-methionine in prokaryotes), establishing the reading frame for subsequent codons. The other listed codons specify different amino acids and do not serve as the standard start signal.
Category reason: This question tests knowledge of the genetic code and translation initiation (start codon), which is a core concept in Genetics rather than nursing clinical decision-making.

Question 36

Which type of cell division results in four genetically distinct daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Meiosis is a reduction division that produces four haploid daughter cells, each containing half the chromosome number of the original diploid parent cell. During meiosis I and II, homologous chromosomes separate and then sister chromatids separate, resulting in four cells. Genetic recombination (crossing over) and independent assortment make the daughter cells genetically distinct. In contrast, mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell.
Category reason: The question tests understanding of how genetic information and chromosome number are handled during different types of cell division, which is a core concept in Genetics.

Question 37

Inheritance of RETINOBLASTOMA is mainly?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Retinoblastoma is most commonly associated with germline pathogenic variants in the RB1 tumor suppressor gene, which are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with incomplete penetrance. Although RB1 acts as a tumor suppressor requiring a “two-hit” mechanism at the cellular level, the familial predisposition is transmitted as autosomal dominant. Heritable cases often present earlier and can be bilateral or multifocal compared with sporadic cases.
Category reason: The question tests the inheritance pattern of a disease-causing gene (RB1) and mode of transmission, which is a core concept in Genetics rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 38

The synthesis of DNA by DNA polymerase occurs in the....

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3'-OH end of the growing DNA strand, so the new strand elongates in the 5' to 3' direction. This is because incoming dNTPs are incorporated by forming a phosphodiester bond with the 3'-OH group. Although the template is read in the 3' to 5' direction, the synthesized (daughter) strand grows 5' to 3'. Therefore, the correct direction of DNA synthesis is 5' to 3.
Category reason: This question tests a foundational principle of DNA replication (directionality of DNA polymerase activity), which is a core topic in Genetics rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 39

A change in the DNA sequence of an organism is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mutation A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA and is the direct term for an alteration in genetic code. Variation refers broadly to differences among individuals and can result from mutations but is not itself the specific event of sequence change. Replication is the process of copying DNA, and transcription is making RNA from DNA; neither term means a DNA sequence change.
Category reason: This question tests the definition of a DNA sequence change and core heredity concepts, which fall under Genetics rather than nursing care decisions.

Question 40

A disease caused by an autosomal primary nondisjunction is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Down’s syndrome Down syndrome most commonly results from autosomal nondisjunction leading to trisomy 21, typically occurring during maternal meiosis. This is an autosomal chromosomal aneuploidy due to a primary nondisjunction event. Turner syndrome (45,X) and Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) are sex chromosome nondisjunction disorders, not autosomal. Sickle cell anemia is due to a single-gene mutation in the beta-globin gene, not nondisjunction.
Category reason: This question tests the genetic mechanism (autosomal nondisjunction causing aneuploidy) underlying specific syndromes, which is primarily a Genetics concept rather than a nursing care/intervention decision.

Question 41

The genetic information is carried by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Nucleic acid Genetic information is stored and transmitted in the sequence of nucleotides in nucleic acids (DNA in most organisms, with RNA serving as genetic material in some viruses). Proteins and carbohydrates do not serve as the primary hereditary material because they lack a stable, directly copyable base-sequence code. The structure of DNA enables accurate replication and inheritance of genetic traits.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge about the molecule that stores hereditary information, which is a core concept in Genetics.

Question 42

The composition of male gene is....?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: XY In humans, biological sex is determined by sex chromosomes: females typically have XX and males typically have XY. The presence of the Y chromosome (specifically the SRY gene region) initiates development of male gonads and male phenotypic sex characteristics. Therefore, the standard chromosomal composition for a male is XY.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge of sex chromosome composition and inheritance patterns, which is a core concept in Genetics rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 43

The number of chromosome in human body is....?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: 23 Humans have 46 chromosomes in somatic (body) cells, organized as 23 pairs; thus the characteristic chromosome number is commonly expressed as 23 (pairs). Gametes (sperm/egg) contain 23 total chromosomes (haploid), which combine at fertilization to restore the diploid number of 46. Among the provided choices, 23 is the only value consistent with human chromosomal organization.
Category reason: This question tests foundational knowledge about human chromosome number and inheritance, which is a core topic in Genetics rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 44

Cri-du-chat is a?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Syndrome Cri-du-chat refers to a genetic syndrome caused by a deletion on the short arm of chromosome 5 (5p-). It presents with a characteristic high-pitched “cat-like” cry in infancy along with developmental delay and dysmorphic features. Because it is a constellation of findings due to a chromosomal abnormality, it is classified as a syndrome rather than an enzyme or a single disease entity.
Category reason: This is a question about a named chromosomal deletion condition (5p deletion), which is a core topic in Genetics rather than nursing care/interventions.

Question 45

Which of the following statements regarding the discovery of DNA structure is correct? 1. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the double helical structure of DNA. 2. The model explained how genetic information is replicated and passed on to the next generation. 3. Watson and Crick proposed the model based solely on their experimental research.?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: 1 and 2 only Statement 1 is correct: Watson and Crick published the double-helix model in 1953. Statement 2 is also correct because complementary base pairing in provides a clear mechanism for DNA replication and inheritance. Statement 3 is incorrect because their model relied heavily on others’ data (e.g., X-ray diffraction and Chargaff’s rules), not solely on their own experimental research.
Category reason: This question tests historical and conceptual understanding of DNA structure and inheritance mechanisms, which falls under Genetics rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 46

Turner's syndrome is caused by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: X monosomy Turner syndrome is classically caused by monosomy X (45,X), meaning complete or partial absence of one X chromosome in a phenotypic female. The other options are autosomal trisomies: 21 (Down syndrome), 18 (Edwards syndrome), and 13 (Patau syndrome). Therefore, X monosomy is the correct chromosomal abnormality for Turner syndrome.
Category reason: This is a question about chromosomal abnormalities (aneuploidy) and their syndromic associations, which is core content in Genetics rather than nursing interventions or clinical prioritization.

Question 47

Hereditary symptoms are moved in the descendant of creatures by....?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Chromosome Hereditary traits are transmitted from parents to offspring through genes, which are organized on chromosomes within the cell nucleus. Chromosomes carry DNA and ensure genetic information is replicated and passed on during cell division and reproduction. Lysosomes and ribosomes have cellular functions (digestion and protein synthesis) but do not transmit heredity, and plasma is not the genetic carrier.
Category reason: This question tests the biological basis of inheritance (how traits are passed to descendants), which is a core concept in Genetics rather than nursing care decisions.

Question 48

Cat eye syndrome is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Partial trisomy 22 Cat eye syndrome is classically associated with a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 22, leading to partial trisomy/tetrasomy of 22q11.2. This chromosomal abnormality is linked to the characteristic ocular coloboma (“cat-eye” appearance) along with other congenital anomalies. The other trisomies listed (13, 18, 21) correspond to distinct syndromes (Patau, Edwards, Down) rather than cat eye syndrome.
Category reason: This question tests identification of a congenital syndrome based on its chromosomal abnormality, which is a core Genetics topic rather than a nursing intervention/prioritization scenario.

Question 49

The genetic makeup of an organism is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Genotype Genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an organism—the set of alleles it carries at one or more loci. In contrast, phenotype is the observable expression of those genes influenced by environment. An allele is a variant form of a gene, and a trait is a characteristic that can be influenced by genotype and environment.
Category reason: This item tests basic definitions in heredity (genotype vs phenotype/allele/trait), which is a core concept in Genetics rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 50

A couple seeks genetic counseling because their first child was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Neither parent has symptoms of the disease. They ask the nurse about the likelihood that their next child will also have cystic fibrosis. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder. When both parents are asymptomatic carriers (heterozygous), each pregnancy independently carries a 25% probability of producing an affected child (homozygous recessive), a 50% probability of producing a carrier child, and a 25% probability of producing an unaffected non-carrier. The probability does not change based on prior outcomes because each conception is genetically independent.

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How many Chromosomes are there in the human beings?

Hemophilia is?

The preferred therapy in patients with maple syrup disease is?

Male sex chromosome is?

Which genetic disorder causes male infertility with absent vas deferens?

Sex chromosome found in females is in the form of?

DNA is found in?

Who proposed the mutations theory in Evolution?

What is the term for a gene that has multiple forms or alleles?

Human have ______ of autosomes..

Sex of baby depends on:

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Composition of male gene is...?

Colour blindness is an ______ linked recessive trait?

Which of the following is an example of a multiple allele system?

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

What genetic disorder is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Gene is?

The diagram that is used to predict possible genre types in an offspring is known as?

_____ is a rare genetic condition caused by mutations of certain genes that affect the amount of melanin your body produces that your hair and skin become white ?

Which sequence correctly represents the hierarchy from smallest to largest?

Lyons hypothesis for determination of Barr body is....?

Number of chromosomes in Zygote:

Employment of hereditary principles in improvement of human race is___.

Which of the following stores genetic information?

FEMALE CHROMOSOME IS?

Sex of the baby depends on whose chromosomes?

Chromosome synapsis or bivalent formation occurs in___.

X sperm fertilizer X egg what will be the result?

Sex of the baby depends on whose chromosomes?

What is the basis unit of Heredity in living organisms?

Male having Down's syndrome have sex chromosomes:

Which one is X-Linked dominant disorder?

Which chromosomes combination results in a baby girl?

Which is the start codon sequence?

Which type of cell division results in four genetically distinct daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell?

Inheritance of RETINOBLASTOMA is mainly?

The synthesis of DNA by DNA polymerase occurs in the....

A change in the DNA sequence of an organism is called?

A disease caused by an autosomal primary nondisjunction is?

The genetic information is carried by?

The composition of male gene is....?

The number of chromosome in human body is....?

Cri-du-chat is a?

Turner's syndrome is caused by?

Hereditary symptoms are moved in the descendant of creatures by....?

Cat eye syndrome is?

The genetic makeup of an organism is called?

A couple seeks genetic counseling because their first child was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Neither parent has symptoms of the disease. They ask the nurse about the likelihood that their next child will also have cystic fibrosis. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

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