Question 1

The following digestive enzyme is present in gastric juice?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gastric juice contains pepsin (from pepsinogen) for protein digestion; trypsin and chymotrypsin are pancreatic enzymes and peptidases act mainly in the intestine.

Question 2

Which of the following is the most common type of Hirschsprung's disease?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hirschsprung disease is a congenital absence of enteric ganglion cells in the distal bowel, making the condition predominantly congenital rather than acquired.

Question 3

Which of the following passages best describes esophageal atresia?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Esophageal atresia is a congenital interruption of the esophagus, leaving a blind upper segment and no continuous passage to the stomach. Option C describes a tracheoesophageal fistula; A is tracheomalacia; D is GERD.

Question 4

In Hirschsprung's disease, the aganglionic segment most commonly occurs in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hirschsprung disease is congenital aganglionosis of the distal bowel, most commonly the rectosigmoid region beginning at the rectum; hence the aganglionic segment most commonly involves the rectum.

Question 5

Which part of the body is affected by typhoid?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi) primarily targets the intestinal lymphoid tissue, especially Peyer’s patches of the ileum, causing enteric symptoms and complications.

Question 6

Screening test for Hirschsprung's disease?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Anorectal manometry (electromanometry) is used as the screening test for Hirschsprung disease by demonstrating absence of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex; the definitive test is rectal suction biopsy.

Question 7

The confirmatory diagnostic test for Hirschsprung's disease is ______?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The definitive diagnosis for Hirschsprung disease is made by rectal suction biopsy showing absence of ganglion cells. Invertogram is for anorectal malformations; CT and nasoenteric tube are not confirmatory tests for Hirschsprung.

Question 8

A newborn has dribbling after feeds. He has respiratory distress and froths at the mouth. Diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Newborn with drooling/frothy saliva and respiratory distress after feeds is classic for esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula causing aspiration and inability to handle secretions.

Question 9

A patient with cystic fibrosis is diagnosed with pancreatic insufficiency. As the nurse you know that the patient will not be lacking?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cystic fibrosis causes exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, reducing pancreatic enzymes amylase, lipase, and proteases. Pepsin is a gastric enzyme produced by the stomach, so it is not lacking due to pancreatic insufficiency.

Question 10

The part of digestive system not found in abdominal cavity is-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The rectum lies in the pelvic cavity, whereas the liver, small intestine, and bile ducts are located within the abdominal cavity.

Question 11

Double bubble sign in the X-ray suggestive of _________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The classic 'double bubble' on abdominal X-ray represents gas in the stomach and proximal duodenum with absent distal gas, which is characteristic of duodenal atresia (listed here as 'Double atresia'). Other options do not produce this specific sign.

Question 12

Which of the following statement about Hirschsprung disease is are true?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hirschsprung disease is congenital aganglionosis of the distal bowel with absence of ganglion cells in Auerbach (and Meissner) plexuses (A). It has increased association with Down syndrome (B) and can lead to Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (D). Long-segment/total colonic disease may extend into the small intestine (E). It is more common in males, not girls, so (C) is false.

Question 13

False statement regarding Hirschsprungs disease?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In Hirschsprung disease, recto‑sigmoid aganglionosis is common and diagnosis is by suction rectal biopsy; delayed passage of meconium is typical. On digital rectal exam there is usually explosive passage of stool (squirt sign), not absence—making option D false.

Question 14

“3C’s” (Coughing and choking during feeding and unexplained cyanosis) is associated with....?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The classic triad of coughing, choking during feeds, and cyanosis indicates tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia due to aspiration and inability of feeds to pass into the stomach.

Question 15

A Clinical condition in which "narrowing of the outlet of the stomach so that food cannot pass easily from it into the duodenum"?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pyloric stenosis is narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the gastric outlet, preventing gastric contents from passing easily into the duodenum. Intussusception is telescoping of bowel, Hirschsprung disease is aganglionic megacolon, and GERD is reflux.

Question 16

Hirschprungs disease has been seen is association with the following except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hirschsprung disease is often syndromic and associated with conditions such as Down syndrome and Mowat-Wilson syndrome, which include microcephaly and intellectual disability. Autism is not a recognized association.

Question 17

Nurse was going through the file of a child who is admitted with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. All among the following except one can be seen in the file?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis presents with an olive-like epigastric mass, projectile non-bilious vomiting, and a string sign on imaging. Radiating pain to the left shoulder is not a feature of pyloric stenosis.

Question 18

Vomiting caused by Pyloric stenosis generally not bile stained because?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In pyloric stenosis the obstruction is proximal to the duodenal papilla where bile enters; therefore vomitus is non‑bilious.

Question 19

Gasless abdomen on X-Ray is seen in what type of trachea esophageal fistula?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A gasless abdomen occurs when there is no connection between the trachea and the distal esophagus, so air cannot reach the stomach—seen with esophageal atresia with a proximal TEF. Distal or double TEF provide a route for air to the stomach, producing gas.

Question 20

In Hirschsprungs disease, in colon where Aganglionic segment is located?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In Hirschsprung disease the distal colon and rectum lack enteric ganglion cells; functional obstruction at this distal aganglionic segment causes proximal dilation (megacolon).

Question 21

Surgery for Hirschprungs disease all except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Swenson, Duhamel, and Soave are classic pull-through operations for Hirschsprung disease. Altemeier’s procedure is a perineal rectosigmoidectomy for rectal prolapse, not for Hirschsprung disease.

Question 22

All of following are clinical feature of a congenital hypertrophied pyloric stenosis in children are except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis presents with nonbilious projectile vomiting, visible gastric peristalsis, and dehydration. Simple regurgitation is typical of GERD, not pyloric stenosis, so it is the exception.

Question 23

Which one of the following life threatening congenital anomalies in the newborn presents with polyhydramnios, aspiration pneumonia, excessive salivation and difficulty in passing a nasogastric tube?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula causes inability to swallow amniotic fluid leading to polyhydramnios; newborn has excessive drooling, coughing/aspiration, and an NG/OG tube cannot be passed into the stomach.

Question 24

Most usual biochemical abnormality in congenital hypertropic pyloric stenosis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Projectile vomiting of gastric HCl causes metabolic alkalosis; volume depletion activates RAAS leading to renal potassium loss and hypokalemia.

Question 25

All of the following are characteristics of Hirschsprung's disease except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Telescoping of intestine refers to intussusception, not Hirschsprung disease. Hirschsprung presents with abdominal distension and may have bile-stained vomiting and explosive stools.

Question 26

Which explanation is most accurate when the nurse teaches a client about intussusception of the bowel?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Intussusception is defined as telescoping of one segment of intestine into an adjacent distal segment. Other options describe volvulus, adhesions, and hernia.

Question 27

In a children, herniation of the abdominal organ through a wide open umbilicus is termed as-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Exomphalos (omphalocele) is herniation of abdominal viscera through the umbilical ring; gastroschisis occurs lateral to the umbilicus, Hirschsprung’s is aganglionosis, and hiatal hernia involves the diaphragm.

Question 28

Appendix is a part of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The vermiform appendix is attached to the cecum, which is part of the large intestine.

Question 29

Pepsin is the example of .........?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pepsin is a digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins; it is a protease.

Question 30

A tubular structure that joins the pharynx to the stomach is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach; trachea and larynx are parts of the airway, cricoid cartilage is part of the larynx, and crania refers to the skull.

Question 31

A tubular structure that joins the pharynx to the stomach is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach; trachea and larynx are respiratory structures, and cricoid cartilage is a laryngeal cartilage.

Question 32

The dome-shaped full of gas part of the stomach called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The gas-filled dome at the superior portion of the stomach is the fundus.

Question 33

The duct which connects the neck of gall bladder to the common hepatic duct is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cystic duct connects the neck of the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct; together they form the common bile duct. The hepatic duct drains the liver, the bile duct is the resulting common bile duct, and the pancreatic duct is unrelated.

Question 34

Dilated part of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and the small intestine called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The stomach is the dilated sac of the GI tract located between the esophagus and the duodenum (first part of the small intestine).

Question 35

A tubular structure that joins the pharynx to the stomach is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. The trachea leads to the lungs, the larynx and cricoid cartilage are parts of the airway, and the crania refers to the skull.

Question 36

Dilated part of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and small intestine called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The stomach is the dilated muscular sac situated between the esophagus and the small intestine. Colon and rectum are parts of the large intestine; jejunum is a segment of the small intestine; esophagus is proximal to the stomach.

Question 37

The most tubular part of stomach is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pylorus (pyloric canal) is the narrow tubular segment of the stomach leading into the duodenum; other regions are more sac-like.

Question 38

The dome shaped full of gas part of stomach is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The fundus is the dome-shaped superior portion of the stomach under the diaphragm that commonly contains a gas bubble. The antrum and pylorus are distal parts, the body is central, and the cardiac orifice is an opening.

Question 39

The greater curvature of the stomach provides space for the attachment of __________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The greater curvature is the attachment site for the greater omentum, while the lesser curvature attaches the lesser omentum; mesenteries are for intestines and visceral peritoneum simply covers organs.

Question 40

What does the liver store?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The liver stores several vitamins (notably A, D, K, and B12) and minerals; it does not store blood cells. While it stores glucose as glycogen, the option given is broadly 'carbs,' making vitamins the best single answer.

Question 41

Which among the following is the longest?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The small intestine is the longest GI segment (~6–7 meters), longer than the large intestine (~1.5 m), esophagus (~25 cm), or stomach.

Question 42

Insufficient intrinsic factor commonly occurs in elderly adults. It causes inadequate absorption of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Intrinsic factor from gastric parietal cells is required for vitamin B12 (cobalamin) absorption in the terminal ileum; its deficiency leads to B12 malabsorption.

Question 43

What is inflammation of the appendix called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The suffix -itis means inflammation; inflammation of the appendix is called appendicitis.

Question 44

What is the appendix?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The appendix is a narrow, wormlike structure attached to the cecum and is considered a vestigial organ, not a gland, vessel, or bone.

Question 45

Ileum is located in which intestine?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The ileum is the distal segment of the small intestine (following the jejunum), not part of the large intestine, liver, or rectum.

Question 46

Digestion in small intestine occurs in ..........?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pancreatic bicarbonate and bile alkalinize the duodenal contents (pH ~7.5–8.5), and digestive enzymes of the small intestine function optimally in an alkaline medium.

Question 47

What is phototherapy used for?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Phototherapy converts unconjugated bilirubin into water‑soluble isomers for excretion, treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice).

Question 48

Jaundice occurs due to accumulation of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Jaundice is yellow discoloration from elevated bilirubin levels (hyperbilirubinemia). Urea and creatinine relate to renal function; ketone bodies to ketoacidosis.

Question 49

The bile is produced through?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bile is synthesized by hepatocytes in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

Question 50

Most common site of carcinoma pancreas is-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma most commonly arises in the head of the pancreas (about two-thirds of cases).

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The following digestive enzyme is present in gastric juice?

Which of the following is the most common type of Hirschsprung's disease?

Which of the following passages best describes esophageal atresia?

In Hirschsprung's disease, the aganglionic segment most commonly occurs in?

Which part of the body is affected by typhoid?

Screening test for Hirschsprung's disease?

The confirmatory diagnostic test for Hirschsprung's disease is ______?

A newborn has dribbling after feeds. He has respiratory distress and froths at the mouth. Diagnosis?

A patient with cystic fibrosis is diagnosed with pancreatic insufficiency. As the nurse you know that the patient will not be lacking?

The part of digestive system not found in abdominal cavity is-?

Double bubble sign in the X-ray suggestive of _________?

Which of the following statement about Hirschsprung disease is are true?

False statement regarding Hirschsprungs disease?

“3C’s” (Coughing and choking during feeding and unexplained cyanosis) is associated with....?

A Clinical condition in which "narrowing of the outlet of the stomach so that food cannot pass easily from it into the duodenum"?

Hirschprungs disease has been seen is association with the following except?

Nurse was going through the file of a child who is admitted with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. All among the following except one can be seen in the file?

Vomiting caused by Pyloric stenosis generally not bile stained because?

Gasless abdomen on X-Ray is seen in what type of trachea esophageal fistula?

In Hirschsprungs disease, in colon where Aganglionic segment is located?

Surgery for Hirschprungs disease all except?

All of following are clinical feature of a congenital hypertrophied pyloric stenosis in children are except?

Which one of the following life threatening congenital anomalies in the newborn presents with polyhydramnios, aspiration pneumonia, excessive salivation and difficulty in passing a nasogastric tube?

Most usual biochemical abnormality in congenital hypertropic pyloric stenosis?

All of the following are characteristics of Hirschsprung's disease except?

Which explanation is most accurate when the nurse teaches a client about intussusception of the bowel?

In a children, herniation of the abdominal organ through a wide open umbilicus is termed as-?

Appendix is a part of?

Pepsin is the example of .........?

A tubular structure that joins the pharynx to the stomach is?

A tubular structure that joins the pharynx to the stomach is?

The dome-shaped full of gas part of the stomach called?

The duct which connects the neck of gall bladder to the common hepatic duct is called?

Dilated part of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and the small intestine called?

A tubular structure that joins the pharynx to the stomach is?

Dilated part of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and small intestine called?

The most tubular part of stomach is?

The dome shaped full of gas part of stomach is called?

The greater curvature of the stomach provides space for the attachment of __________?

What does the liver store?

Which among the following is the longest?

Insufficient intrinsic factor commonly occurs in elderly adults. It causes inadequate absorption of?

What is inflammation of the appendix called?

What is the appendix?

Ileum is located in which intestine?

Digestion in small intestine occurs in ..........?

What is phototherapy used for?

Jaundice occurs due to accumulation of?

The bile is produced through?

Most common site of carcinoma pancreas is-?

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