Question 1

In presence of the following cofactor, pyruvate carboxylase converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pyruvate carboxylase requires ATP and uses CO2 (as bicarbonate), with biotin as the coenzyme. Of the options, the correct required pair is CO2 and ATP.

Question 2

The carbohydrate reserved in human body is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Humans store carbohydrates as glycogen in liver and muscle. Starch and inulin are plant storage polysaccharides, and glucose is the circulating monosaccharide, not the storage form.

Question 3

The distinguishing test between monosaccharides and disaccharide is.....?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Barfoed’s test distinguishes monosaccharides from disaccharides by their ability to reduce copper(II) ions in acidic medium rapidly (monosaccharides react within ~2 minutes), whereas disaccharides react more slowly. Bial’s is for pentoses, Seliwanoff’s for ketoses vs aldoses, and hydrolysis is not the classic distinguishing test.

Question 4

What is the cause of scurvy?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Scurvy results from vitamin C deficiency, which impairs proline/lysine hydroxylation in collagen synthesis, causing defective collagen formation.

Question 5

Albumin is a type of __________ protein?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Albumin is a simple globular protein without a nonprotein (prosthetic) group; therefore it is not conjugated or derived.

Question 6

Proteins are held together by __________ bond?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide (amide) bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups. Glycosidic bonds join sugars; a triple bond is unrelated.

Question 7

Esters of long chain fatty acids and long chain alcohols are called ____________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Waxes are esters formed from long‑chain fatty acids and long‑chain alcohols. Fats are triacylglycerols (fatty acids esterified to glycerol); glycerol and hydrocarbons are not esters.

Question 8

LDL (Low density lipo protein) is also known as ____________ protein?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: LDL carries cholesterol to peripheral tissues and contributes to atherosclerosis, hence it is termed the "bad" lipoprotein.

Question 9

The general formula of monosaccharides is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Monosaccharides have the empirical formula (CH2O)n, which corresponds to CnH2nOn.

Question 10

A pentose sugar is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ribulose is a five-carbon (pentose) ketose. Dihydroxyacetone is a triose, erythrose is a tetrose, and glucose is a hexose.

Question 11

The sugar found in DNA is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: DNA contains deoxyribose as its pentose sugar, whereas RNA contains ribose; xylose and ribulose are not components of nucleic acids.

Question 12

The sugar found in RNA is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: RNA contains ribose sugar; DNA contains deoxyribose. Ribulose and erythrose are different sugars not found in RNA.

Question 13

Starch is a?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Starch is a polymer of glucose units, classifying it as a polysaccharide.

Question 14

An essential amino acid in man is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Methionine is an essential amino acid for humans; aspartate, tyrosine, and serine are nonessential (tyrosine is conditionally essential only when phenylalanine is limited).

Question 15

The amino acid with a non polar side chain is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Valine has a hydrophobic aliphatic side chain and is nonpolar, whereas serine, threonine, and asparagine have polar side chains (hydroxyl or amide groups).

Question 16

Casein, the milk protein is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Casein is a phosphoprotein with phosphate groups esterified to serine residues, forming calcium caseinate micelles in milk.

Question 17

The degradative processes are categorized under the heading of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Degradative processes that break down molecules and often release energy are classified as catabolism; anabolism is biosynthetic, and metabolism includes both.

Question 18

The monosaccharide units are linked by 1→α4 glycosidic linkage in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Maltose consists of two glucose units joined by an α-1,4 glycosidic bond. Sucrose is linked α1↔β2, while cellulose and cellobiose have β-1,4 linkages.

Question 19

Mucopolysaccharides are?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) are heteropolysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide units containing amino sugars and uronic acids.

Question 20

All proteins contain the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Proteins are polymers built from the same set of 20 standard amino acids, although many other amino acids exist in nature.

Question 21

Tertiary structure of a protein describes?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tertiary structure refers to the overall three-dimensional folding of a single polypeptide chain; primary structure is the amino acid order. While disulfide bonds help stabilize tertiary structure and loops are local features, the best single description is the ways of protein folding.

Question 22

Denaturation of proteins results in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Protein denaturation disrupts secondary/tertiary structure mainly by breaking hydrogen and other noncovalent bonds. The primary structure and peptide bonds remain intact, and denaturation may be reversible or irreversible; therefore the consistently correct result is destruction of hydrogen bonds.

Question 23

The cholesterol molecule is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cholesterol is a sterol based on the four-ring steroid nucleus (cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene), not a benzene or quinoline derivative nor a straight-chain acid.

Question 24

Mucopolysaccharides are?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) consist of repeating disaccharide units (amino sugar + uronic acid), making them heteropolysaccharides, not proteins, amino acids, or homopolysaccharides.

Question 25

Which of the following is disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lactose and sucrose are disaccharides; glucose is a monosaccharide.

Question 26

........ catalyse the reaction of transfer of a group is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Methylases transfer a methyl group to a substrate, exemplifying transferase activity. Protease and arginase are hydrolases; transpeptidases are not the prototypical group-transfer example.

Question 27

Protein portion of Enzyme is called ...........?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The protein component of an enzyme without its cofactor is the apoenzyme; holoenzyme = apoenzyme + cofactor; prosthetic group is the tightly bound cofactor.

Question 28

Alpha helix is spring like structure in which 1st Amino Acid attached with ....... Amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In an alpha helix, hydrogen bonding occurs between the carbonyl oxygen of residue i and the amide hydrogen of residue i+4; thus the first amino acid bonds with the fifth.

Question 29

A sugar is called aldose when it contains __________ group?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Aldoses are carbohydrates whose carbonyl group is an aldehyde; ketoses contain a ketone. Carboxyl and amide groups do not define sugar classes.

Question 30

The break down of complex molecule to simpler one is called ________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Catabolism is the metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones; anabolism builds complex molecules.

Question 31

Haemoglobin has?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hemoglobin is a tetramer of four polypeptide subunits (2 α and 2 β), exhibiting quaternary protein structure.

Question 32

In mammals, the major fat in adipose tissues is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Adipocytes primarily store energy as triacylglycerols; phospholipids, cholesterol, and sphingolipids are mainly membrane components.

Question 33

The pentose sugar present mainly in the heart muscle is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lyxose is the pentose reported to be present predominantly in heart muscle; ribose is ubiquitous in nucleic acids, while arabinose and xylose are primarily plant sugars.

Question 34

A simple protein found in the nucleoproteins of the sperm is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Protamine are simple, highly basic proteins that replace histones in sperm nuclei and are components of nucleoproteins.

Question 35

Carr-Price reaction is used to detect?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Carr-Price reaction (SbCl3 giving a blue color) is a qualitative test for vitamin A/carotenoids.

Question 36

Example of hydrolases is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hydrolases catalyze bond cleavage using water; amylases hydrolyze starch. The others are transferases/ligases (aminotransferases, synth(et)ase, kinase).

Question 37

Amino Acid is building blocks of protein having charge depends upon on?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The net charge of an amino acid at a given pH is determined primarily by the ionizable side chain (R group), which can be acidic, basic, or neutral.

Question 38

________ contains hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom of Alkane chain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An alcohol is an R–OH compound with a hydroxyl group attached to a saturated carbon atom. Ethers are R–O–R', amines contain an amino group (–NH2), and aldehydes have a –CHO group.

Question 39

The two common polysaccharides are starch and ____________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Glycogen is a common polysaccharide; the other choices are monosaccharides.

Question 40

When two molecules of glucose are combined together is called __________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Two glucose monomers combine via an alpha-1,4 glycosidic bond to form the disaccharide maltose.

Question 41

The plasma membrane of a human cell is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Human plasma membranes are phospholipid bilayers. Pili occur in bacteria, not human cells; the membrane is not a carbohydrate bilayer nor a single layer.

Question 42

Enzymes, which are produced in inactive form in the living cells, are called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Inactive precursor forms of enzymes are termed proenzymes (zymogens) and become active after specific proteolytic activation. Apoenzyme is the protein part of an enzyme, lysozyme and papain are specific enzymes.

Question 43

An example of Phosphoprotein present in egg yolk is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ovovitellin is a phosphoprotein of egg yolk, whereas ovalbumin, ovoglobulin, and avidin are proteins of egg white and not phosphoproteins.

Question 44

An example of a hydroxy fatty acid is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ricinoleic acid is a 12-hydroxy fatty acid found in castor oil; the others lack a hydroxyl group.

Question 45

The fatty acid present in cerebrosides is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cerebrosides (myelin glycosphingolipids) characteristically contain very long-chain saturated fatty acids such as lignoceric acid (and its 2‑hydroxy form). The other options are not typical.

Question 46

Retinoic acid participates in the synthesis of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Retinoic acid (vitamin A acid) regulates gene expression for epithelial differentiation and is essential for glycoprotein synthesis; visual pigments rhodopsin/iodopsin require retinal, not retinoic acid.

Question 47

Niacin can be synthesized in human beings from?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Niacin (vitamin B3) is synthesized endogenously from the essential amino acid tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway; other listed amino acids are not precursors.

Question 48

Niacin deficiency can occur in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hartnup disease causes defective transport of neutral amino acids, including tryptophan, leading to reduced synthesis of niacin from tryptophan and a pellagra-like niacin deficiency.

Question 49

The bond between two amino acid is ........?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Amino acids link via a peptide (amide) bond formed between the carboxyl group of one and the amino group of another. Glycosidic bonds join sugars; ester bonds are typical in lipids; H-H bond is irrelevant.

Question 50

Enzyme catalyzed reaction in which transfer/addition of Hydrogen occur is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Addition or transfer of hydrogen corresponds to reduction; enzymes catalyzing such reactions are reductases (oxidoreductases).

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In presence of the following cofactor, pyruvate carboxylase converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate?

The carbohydrate reserved in human body is?

The distinguishing test between monosaccharides and disaccharide is.....?

What is the cause of scurvy?

Albumin is a type of __________ protein?

Proteins are held together by __________ bond?

Esters of long chain fatty acids and long chain alcohols are called ____________?

LDL (Low density lipo protein) is also known as ____________ protein?

The general formula of monosaccharides is?

A pentose sugar is?

The sugar found in DNA is?

The sugar found in RNA is?

Starch is a?

An essential amino acid in man is?

The amino acid with a non polar side chain is?

Casein, the milk protein is?

The degradative processes are categorized under the heading of?

The monosaccharide units are linked by 1→α4 glycosidic linkage in?

Mucopolysaccharides are?

All proteins contain the?

Tertiary structure of a protein describes?

Denaturation of proteins results in?

The cholesterol molecule is?

Mucopolysaccharides are?

Which of the following is disaccharide?

........ catalyse the reaction of transfer of a group is?

Protein portion of Enzyme is called ...........?

Alpha helix is spring like structure in which 1st Amino Acid attached with ....... Amino acid?

A sugar is called aldose when it contains __________ group?

The break down of complex molecule to simpler one is called ________?

Haemoglobin has?

In mammals, the major fat in adipose tissues is?

The pentose sugar present mainly in the heart muscle is?

A simple protein found in the nucleoproteins of the sperm is?

Carr-Price reaction is used to detect?

Example of hydrolases is?

Amino Acid is building blocks of protein having charge depends upon on?

________ contains hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom of Alkane chain?

The two common polysaccharides are starch and ____________?

When two molecules of glucose are combined together is called __________?

The plasma membrane of a human cell is?

Enzymes, which are produced in inactive form in the living cells, are called?

An example of Phosphoprotein present in egg yolk is?

An example of a hydroxy fatty acid is?

The fatty acid present in cerebrosides is?

Retinoic acid participates in the synthesis of?

Niacin can be synthesized in human beings from?

Niacin deficiency can occur in?

The bond between two amino acid is ........?

Enzyme catalyzed reaction in which transfer/addition of Hydrogen occur is?

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