Question 1

Number of thoracic veretbrae?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This region corresponds to the rib-bearing segment of the spine, with thoracic vertebrae articulating with ribs to form the thoracic cage. The count aligns with 12 pairs of ribs and the conventional segmentation: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, followed by sacrum and coccyx. The other options represent incorrect vertebral counts for the thoracic region in normal anatomy.

Question 2

Strongest muscles in human body are found in ;?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The masseter (along with temporalis and medial pterygoid) produces very high bite force due to its large physiological cross-sectional area and favorable lever mechanics at the temporomandibular joint. Thigh muscles are among the largest by mass (e.g., quadriceps, gluteals) but this question’s conventional exam answer targets peak force at a joint rather than size or endurance. Hands and neck muscles are not typically the site of the body’s maximal force production.

Question 3

Longest tendon in our body is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Since options A and B are two names for the same anatomical structure, both statements are correct. The patellar tendon is large and clinically important but is not considered the longest. Therefore the best answer is the option acknowledging that A and B refer to the same tendon.

Question 4

Which bone has no medullary cavity?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The scapula is a flat bone composed of two compact bone tables with spongy (trabecular) bone between them rather than a tubular shaft. In contrast, the femur, tibia, and radius are long bones and therefore have a medullary cavity within the diaphysis. This structural difference is why flat bones are not described as having a medullary cavity like long bones do.

Question 5

The Bone connecting rib is .?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The sternum provides an anterior attachment only for true ribs via costal cartilage rather than direct bony rib-to-sternum articulation. The scapula and clavicle are components of the pectoral girdle and do not serve as rib attachment points. Therefore, the vertebrae are the bone structure that connects with the ribs.

Question 6

Shape of heart is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This conical form explains the distinct apex beat location used in surface anatomy and clinical examination. The overall external contour is not oval or butterfly-like, and “pear-shaped” is more commonly used for certain organs (e.g., gallbladder) rather than the heart’s standard gross description. Therefore, the best single description among the options is the conical shape.

Question 7

Thyroid gland is present in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Clinically, this location explains why thyroid enlargement can be visible as a neck swelling and may cause compressive symptoms such as dysphagia or dyspnea. The other regions listed do not contain the thyroid; while ectopic thyroid tissue can occur, the normal anatomy tested on exams is the neck location. This makes the neck the single best answer.

Question 8

Posterior fontanel close at ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The posterior fontanel is small at birth and typically closes early, around 6–8 weeks and up to about 2–3 months. This makes the 2–3 month range the best match among the choices. Much later ages (e.g., 4–5 months) are more consistent with delayed closure and are not the usual expected milestone for the posterior fontanel.

Question 9

Weight of prostate gland is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The question asks for a single “weight,” which is typically tested as the standard average adult value rather than a minimal baseline. Values like 40–50 g are more consistent with enlargement (e.g., benign prostatic hyperplasia) rather than normal anatomy. Therefore the best exam answer among the provided choices is the average value given here.

Question 10

Example of ellipsoid joint is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The radiocarpal joint at the wrist is the classic example, with an oval articular surface fitting into an elliptical cavity. In contrast, the shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint permitting multiaxial rotation, and the ankle is a hinge joint primarily allowing dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. The knee is a modified hinge joint rather than an ellipsoid joint.

Question 11

Location for the cervical anesthesia?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The C5 level is a standard landmark in anatomy-based questions about cervical region anesthesia/analgesia localization. Levels like C7 are lower and may not provide the intended cervical dermatomal coverage, while C4 is higher and raises greater concern for proximity to the phrenic nerve (C3–C5) and potential respiratory compromise. Therefore, the mid-cervical choice best fits the usual anatomic localization asked in such MCQs.

Question 12

Which of the following cell components is a gel-like substance containing different salts, water, and proteins?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This environment supports metabolic reactions and allows intracellular transport and structural organization. In contrast, the cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer barrier, the cell wall is a rigid external support structure, and the nucleus primarily contains genetic material and nucleoplasm rather than the general gel-like interior of the cell. Therefore the described gel-like substance best matches the cytoplasm.

Question 13

The inner surface of a kidney has a deep notch called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This region transmits the renal artery, renal vein, lymphatics, nerves, and the ureter, making it anatomically distinctive as a deep notch. The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped collecting structure located within the kidney near this region but is not the notch itself. The medulla and pyramids are internal tissue regions involved in urine concentration, not surface indentations.

Question 14

A structure composed of two or more tissue is termed?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This matches the stem directly because it emphasizes the combination of tissues into a functional anatomical unit (e.g., epithelium, connective tissue, muscle, and nerves). An organ system is a higher level of organization, consisting of multiple organs coordinating for broader functions. A serous membrane is a specific type of membrane tissue arrangement, and “complex tissue” is not the standard term for this level of anatomical organization in human biology.

Question 15

Bone without medullary cavity is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Femur, fibula, and humerus are classic long bones and have a distinct medullary cavity in the shaft. The clavicle is an atypical long bone; it ossifies primarily intramembranously and does not have a well-developed medullary cavity like other long bones. Therefore it is the best choice among the listed options.

Question 16

Diaphragmatic hernia can occur through all the following except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The posterolateral defect (Bochdalek), corresponding to the costovertebral trigone, and the esophageal hiatus are classic sites where herniation can occur. In contrast, the caval opening is a tight fibrous ring within the central tendon that transmits the inferior vena cava and is not a typical pathway for herniation. Therefore, this option is the exception among the listed openings/areas.

Question 17

The weight of brain is about _____?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: 3–1.5 kg, and exam questions usually round this to about 1.5 kg. This makes the 1½ kg estimate the closest approximation among the choices. The 1 kg option is too low for an average adult brain, while 2 kg is above typical normal adult values. The 0.5 kg choice is far below expected adult brain weight and would be more consistent with much smaller/infant values.

Question 18

The smallest bone in human body is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The stapes is the smallest and lightest ossicle and interfaces with the oval window, making it uniquely small compared with other skeletal bones. Tarsals are the ankle/foot bones and are relatively large. “capal” appears to intend “carpal,” which are wrist bones and are also much larger than the middle-ear ossicles.

Question 19

Cranium of human contain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: It is formed by 8 bones: frontal (1), parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital (1), sphenoid (1), and ethmoid (1). Counts like 14 refer to the facial skeleton (viscerocranium), not the cranium itself. Therefore, the option matching the standard anatomical composition of the cranium is the one with 8 bones.

Question 20

Largest part of brain is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: It contains the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter responsible for higher functions like cognition, sensation, and voluntary motor control, explaining its large size. The cerebellum is substantial but smaller and primarily coordinates movement and balance. The medulla and pons are parts of the brainstem and are much smaller, focusing on vital autonomic functions and relay pathways rather than bulk brain volume.

Question 21

Which of the following is not a part of the inominate bone?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The sacrum is a separate bone formed by fused sacral vertebrae and makes up the posterior part of the pelvis. While it articulates with the ilium at the sacroiliac joints, it is not a component of the innominate bone. A common confusion is equating “pelvis” with “hip bone,” but the pelvis includes additional bones beyond the innominate.

Question 22

The middle layer of meanings is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The middle layer is the arachnoid, a delicate membrane that bridges over sulci and encloses the subarachnoid space where cerebrospinal fluid circulates. Dura mater is thicker and more external, providing tough protection and forming dural venous sinuses. Choroid plexus is not a meningeal layer; it is specialized tissue within the ventricles that produces cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 23

Most common bone fracture site in neonate..?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The thin, pliable calvarial bones and open sutures in neonates predispose to linear fractures rather than depressed fractures, and these are often seen over the parietal bones. Temporal bone fractures are less typical in uncomplicated neonatal trauma and more concerning for high-energy mechanisms or associated basilar injury. Frontal and occipital bones are less commonly the primary site compared with the broad, exposed parietal bones.

Question 24

Bone marrow biopsy site in infant?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Larger central sites (e.g., sternum) are avoided in small children due to higher risk of injury to underlying structures. The iliac crest is preferred in older children/adults, but it is not offered here; among the listed choices, the tibia is the standard infant site. Femur and skull are not routine marrow biopsy sites in infants due to access and safety concerns.

Question 25

The superior chamber of the heart are called the ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The right side receives systemic venous blood and the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, and both then pass blood through the AV valves to the lower pumping chambers. The lower chambers that generate most of the ejection pressure are the ventricles, making that a common distractor. The other options are not standard anatomical names for heart chambers.

Question 26

As “moleiras” dos bebês são chamadas de?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Essas estruturas permitem moldagem no parto e acomodam o rápido crescimento cerebral nos primeiros meses de vida. “Suturas” são as linhas fibrosas de união entre ossos, mas não descrevem especificamente os “pontos moles” centrais palpáveis. Cartilagens e ligamentos não são as estruturas anatômicas responsáveis por essas aberturas membranosas no crânio neonatal.

Question 27

Mammary gland in mammals are modified?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: They develop along the mammary ridge and share ductal/secretory architecture typical of modified sweat glands, with secretion adapted for milk production. Sebaceous glands are holocrine oil glands associated with hair follicles and do not form milk-secreting lobuloalveolar units. Salivary and lacrimal glands are exocrine glands of the head region with different developmental origins and functions.

Question 28

Which of these is not a pair of salivary glands?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: “Submucosal” refers to the layer beneath a mucous membrane and to minor submucosal glands in various regions, not one of the three major paired salivary glands. The other options listed are all recognized major salivary gland pairs with named ducts and characteristic locations in the oral region. Therefore the only option that is not a (major) pair of salivary glands is the submucosal choice.

Question 29

Controlar of cell is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: By controlling transcription and the production of RNA, it ultimately governs protein synthesis and most metabolic activities. Mitochondria mainly generate ATP, the Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins, and the endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes/processing proteins and lipids—none of these primarily control genetic regulation. Therefore, the structure responsible for overall cellular control is the nucleus.

Question 30

Layers of the scalp (SCALP) are?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The fourth layer is a potential space of loose areolar tissue that allows mobility of the scalp over the calvaria and provides a plane for spread of infection/hematoma. This layer is clinically significant because emissary veins traverse it, creating a pathway for infection to spread intracranially. The option matches the “L” component of the SCALP mnemonic and is therefore the best single answer.

Question 31

How many pairs of true ribs does a normal human rib cage contain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In humans, ribs 1 through 7 meet this criterion, making 7 pairs of true ribs. Ribs 8–10 are “false” ribs because they attach indirectly through the cartilage of rib 7, and ribs 11–12 are “floating” ribs with no anterior sternal attachment. Therefore the count of true ribs is limited to the first seven pairs.

Question 32

What is the average weight of liver?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: 1.5 kg Average adult liver weight is commonly taught as about 1.4–1.6 kg, varying with sex and body size. The option closest to this standard anatomic reference value best fits the question asking for an average. 1 kg and 1.2 kg are more consistent with smaller body habitus or underestimation rather than the typical adult mean. 2 kg is generally above average and would be more suggestive of a large body size or hepatomegaly rather than a normal average.

Question 33

Which joint is a hinge joint?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The humeroulnar articulation of the elbow is the classic hinge joint enabling bending and straightening of the forearm. In contrast, the hip and shoulder are ball-and-socket joints allowing multiaxial motion including rotation and circumduction. The atlantoaxial joint is a pivot joint specialized for rotational movement of the head ("no" motion) rather than flexion-extension.

Question 34

Right lung has ___ lobes?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The right lung is divided by the horizontal and oblique fissures into superior, middle, and inferior lobes, totaling three. This anatomic arrangement is clinically relevant for describing breath sounds, aspiration patterns, and lobar pneumonias. A common distractor is two, which applies to the left lung (superior and inferior lobes) because it accommodates the cardiac notch and lingula.

Question 35

Thylakoids occur inside ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: These structures are located within chloroplasts, arranged as stacks called grana surrounded by stroma. Mitochondria instead contain cristae, which are folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane for oxidative phosphorylation. Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum are involved in protein/lipid processing and transport, not photosynthesis.

Question 36

Which bone is the largest and strongest in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The thigh bone transmits forces between the hip and knee during standing, walking, and running, so it has the greatest mass and thick cortical structure to resist bending and compression. The upper-arm bone is large but does not bear body weight to the same extent. The shin bone is also weight-bearing, but it is not as large or overall robust as the thigh bone, and the kneecap is a small sesamoid bone focused on leverage rather than maximal size.

Question 37

----- is chief in development of higher animals?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An internal skeleton also protects vital organs and enables efficient locomotion with articulated joints. By contrast, an exoskeleton limits size and requires molting for growth, which is less suited to very large, highly mobile vertebrates. Germ layers (endoderm and ectoderm) are fundamental to embryonic development but do not specifically explain the structural advancement characteristic of higher animals compared with internal skeletal support.

Question 38

Small intestine is divided into?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This three-part division is a standard gross anatomy classification used to describe location, function, and common pathology patterns (e.g., duodenal ulcers vs ileal Crohn disease). Options listing fewer parts omit major segments, while more parts reflect nonstandard sub-segmentations rather than the primary anatomical divisions. Therefore, the best answer is the three-part division.

Question 39

Tailbone is called...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: It consists of several small fused coccygeal vertebrae located inferior to the sacrum. The tibia and fibula are long bones of the lower leg, not part of the vertebral column. The sacrum is the large fused bone superior to the coccyx, so it is close in location but not the tailbone itself.

Question 40

What is the long extension of a nerve cell called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Neurons have specialized processes for receiving versus transmitting electrical signals. The axon is typically the single long process that carries action potentials away from the cell body toward other neurons, muscles, or glands. Dendrites are usually shorter, branching structures specialized for receiving input, while the soma is the cell body that houses the nucleus and metabolic machinery. A synapse is the junctional site of communication between cells rather than an extension of the neuron itself.

Question 41

Spinal anaesthesia is given at?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In adults, the conus typically ends around L1–L2, so a lower interspace is selected to access the subarachnoid space where CSF is present. The L3–L4 interspace is a standard, safe landmark used for spinal needle insertion (with L4 often identified at the level of the iliac crests). Higher levels such as L1–L2 increase the chance of approaching the cord, whereas lower levels like L4–L5 can also be used but are not the classic single best answer when one is required.

Question 42

Sella turcica is a part of which bone?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This location is a key landmark of the middle cranial fossa and is intimately related to nearby neurovascular structures such as the cavernous sinus. Because it is a defined bony feature of the sphenoid, options describing vault bones (parietal, frontal) do not fit. The palatine bone contributes to the hard palate and nasal cavity, not the central cranial base depression that contains the pituitary.

Question 43

Which of the following glands secrete tears?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This secretion helps maintain corneal clarity and provides antimicrobial protection (e.g., via lysozyme). The pituitary, thyroid, and pancreas are endocrine organs that secrete hormones rather than producing tears. Therefore, the gland responsible for secreting tears is the lacrimal (spelled here as “Lachryamal”) gland.

Question 44

Which organ is houses with in the Cranial cavity?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The listed organs are located in other body cavities: lungs and heart in the thoracic cavity, stomach in the abdominal cavity, and kidneys in the retroperitoneal space of the abdomen. Since none of the options names the brain, no listed organ belongs in the cranial cavity. A common test trap is confusing “cranial” with “thoracic” due to proximity, but cranial strictly refers to the skull vault.

Question 45

Which bone forms the forehead?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This bone also contributes to the superior margins of the orbits and contains the frontal sinuses, matching the anatomic region described. By contrast, the occipital bone forms the posterior skull, and the temporal bones are lateral at the sides of the cranium. The sphenoid is a central skull-base bone and does not form the visible forehead surface.

Question 46

What is the largest organ in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The integumentary system covers the entire external surface, giving it the greatest total area and making it the largest organ overall. It also serves essential functions such as barrier protection, thermoregulation, sensation, and vitamin D synthesis, consistent with an organ-level classification. A common distractor is the liver, which is the largest internal organ, but it is not larger than the body’s total skin surface.

Question 47

Name the major artery of head and neck?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: It gives multiple named branches (e.g., facial, maxillary, superficial temporal) that supply most extracranial tissues. The thyrocervical trunk mainly supplies the neck/shoulder region as a branch of the subclavian artery rather than being the primary head-and-neck artery. Colic and suprarenal arteries supply the colon and adrenal glands, respectively, making them anatomically unrelated.

Question 48

Which year two carpal bones are radiologically seen in the wrist x-ray of most of the children?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In most children, two carpal bones (typically capitate and hamate) are visible on wrist radiographs by around 2 years of age. Earlier ages commonly show fewer reliably ossified carpals, making them less consistent as the “most children” benchmark. Later ages have more than two carpals visible, so they do not fit the question’s specific count.

Question 49

Which of the following bones is not the part of axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage (ribs and sternum) and primarily provides central support and protection for vital organs. The clavicle is part of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle, which belongs to the appendicular skeleton. In contrast, the sternum and vertebrae are core axial components, and the skull is entirely axial. Therefore, the clavicle is the only option listed that is not part of the axial skeleton.

Question 50

The anatomical term for the" breastbone "is...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This definition uniquely matches the sternum, which includes the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The sacrum is part of the posterior pelvis, and the patella is the kneecap, so they do not relate to the chest. The clavicle is a collarbone and is adjacent to, but not synonymous with, the breastbone.

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