Question 1

Stomach is a _______ shaped?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In human anatomy, the stomach is classically described as J-shaped; since J-shaped is not listed, the correct choice is None of these.

Question 2

The abdominal cavity can be divided into?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Standard anatomical division uses two vertical midclavicular lines and two horizontal lines (subcostal and transtubercular) to form 9 regions.

Question 3

Lower jaw bone is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The lower jaw is the mandible. Maxilla is the upper jaw; ethmoid and sphenoid are cranial bones; the zygomatic bone forms the cheek.

Question 4

Which muscle titled as visceral muscles?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Smooth muscle is termed visceral muscle because it is found in the walls of internal organs and functions involuntarily.

Question 5

The four vertebrae fused together to form a small triangular bone called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The coccyx is formed by the fusion of typically four coccygeal vertebrae, creating a small triangular bone at the base of the vertebral column.

Question 6

Brachiocephalic veins pass through?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The right and left brachiocephalic veins lie and join within the superior mediastinum to form the superior vena cava.

Question 7

The levator ani does not include?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The levator ani is composed of the pubococcygeus (including the levator prostatae in males), the puborectalis, and the iliococcygeus. The coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) is a separate muscle of the pelvic diaphragm and is not part of the levator ani.

Question 8

Which one of the following organs is retroperitoneal?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pancreas is secondarily retroperitoneal, whereas the stomach, jejunum, and spleen are intraperitoneal organs.

Question 9

Weight of Pancrease is _________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The adult pancreas typically weighs about 70–100 g; an accepted single best estimate is approximately 80 g.

Question 10

Axillary lymph nodes are arranged in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: They are commonly classified into six groups: anterior (pectoral), posterior (subscapular), lateral (humeral), central, apical, and interpectoral (Rotter) nodes.

Question 11

Location of spleen in abdomen is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The spleen lies in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, specifically in the left hypochondriac region beneath ribs 9–11.

Question 12

Thoracic duct, trachea, and esophagus are present in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Among the four mediastinal compartments, the thoracic duct and esophagus both lie in the posterior mediastinum, while the trachea extends from the superior mediastinum down to its bifurcation at T4–T5. Hence, these structures together are best located within the posterior mediastinum region.

Question 13

The key muscle in axilla is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pectoralis minor is the key landmark of the axilla; it divides the axillary artery into three parts and serves as an anatomical reference point.

Question 14

The fibula articulates with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The fibula articulates with the tibia at the proximal and distal tibiofibular joints; it does not articulate with the femur or the calcaneus.

Question 15

Inferior mediastinum lies between sternal angle and?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The inferior mediastinum is the portion of the mediastinum located below the transverse thoracic plane at the sternal angle and extending inferiorly to the diaphragm.

Question 16

Blood supply to the skin of abdominal cavity?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The skin of the anterior abdominal wall receives its main blood supply from the superior and inferior epigastric arteries, with contributions from lower intercostal and lumbar branches.

Question 17

Which one of the following organs has no lymphatic drainage?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Among the listed choices, lungs, trachea, and stomach are well-known to have rich lymphatic drainage to regional nodes; the heart has a well-developed lymphatic drainage system in standard exam references.

Question 18

In which areas is the deep fascia well defined?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Deep fascia is a dense connective tissue layer that is particularly thick and well-developed in the neck and limbs, where it forms strong compartments, septa, and retinacula; it is thin or poorly defined in the eyelids, the head (face), and much of the trunk.

Question 19

Which gland is the largest?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The liver is the largest gland in the human body (about 1.5 kg), larger than the pancreas, the salivary glands, or the pituitary.

Question 20

In the lower part of the hip bone, what is the large opening called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The large opening formed by the pubis and ischium in the inferior pelvis is the obturator foramen. The acetabulum is the socket for the femoral head; the obturator internus is a muscle; the pubic ramus is a bony segment; and the pelvic brim is the edge of the pelvic inlet.

Question 21

What is the thin serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and clothes the viscera called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The peritoneum is the serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic walls (parietal layer) and covering the viscera (visceral layer). The mesentery, omenta, and mesoappendix are peritoneal folds, not the membrane itself.

Question 22

All are retroperitoneal organs except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The spleen is an intraperitoneal organ, whereas the duodenum (2nd–4th parts), the kidneys, and the pancreas (except the tail) are retroperitoneal; thus the spleen is the exception.

Question 23

A special term refers to the anterior surface of the hand, known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The specific anatomical term for the anterior surface of the hand is palmar. Caudal means toward the tail, cephalic means toward the head, plantar refers to the sole of the foot, and ventral means anterior generally, but not specific to the hand.

Question 24

Which is the largest cavity in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The abdominal cavity is the largest single cavity, housing most digestive organs and occupying the majority of the abdominopelvic space.

Question 25

Kidneys from the level?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Anatomically, the kidneys lie retroperitoneally from T12 to L3 (the right is slightly lower), corresponding to the 12th thoracic to the 3rd lumbar vertebrae.

Question 26

What is the tongue classified as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The tongue is a muscular structure composed of multiple tissues that performs integrated functions (taste, speech, and swallowing), meeting the definition of an organ.

Question 27

All the following statements concern inguinal hernia except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Inguinal hernias are classified by their relation to the inferior epigastric vessels (direct = medial, indirect = lateral). The statement mentions the superior epigastric arteries, which are not the landmark for inguinal hernias; this is the exception. The other statements describe typical features of a direct inguinal hernia in elderly men with weak abdominal muscles and a wide neck.

Question 28

Breasts are suspended by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The breasts are supported by Cooper’s ligaments, fibrous connective tissue that maintains structural support.

Question 29

The thoracic cage is made up of all of the following except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The thoracic cage consists of the sternum, 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages, and the 12 thoracic vertebrae. The clavicle is part of the pectoral girdle, not the thoracic cage.

Question 30

How many facial bones are there?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The human face has 14 bones: the mandible and vomer (unpaired), plus paired maxillae, zygomatic bones, nasal bones, lacrimal bones, palatine bones, and inferior nasal conchae.

Question 31

The organ of the thoracic cavity that is present in the middle mediastinum, posterior to the body of the sternum between the 2nd and 6th costal cartilages and anterior to the 5th to the 8th thoracic vertebrae is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The described position—the middle mediastinum, behind the sternum from the 2nd–6th costal cartilages and in front of T5–T8—matches the pericardial sac containing the heart.

Question 32

Location of the spleen in the abdomen is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The spleen lies in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen in the left hypochondrium beneath ribs 9–11.

Question 33

A thin, muscular, and tendinous septum that separates the chest cavity above from the abdominal cavity below is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The diaphragm is a thin musculotendinous partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. The rectus sheath, the rectus abdominis, and the linea alba are abdominal wall structures, and the pericardium encloses the heart.

Question 34

The layer of muscles present beneath the internal oblique muscles and whose fibers run horizontally forward is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The muscle deep to the internal oblique, with fibers running horizontally, is the transversus abdominis (listed as Transverse).

Question 35

Transversus abdominis muscle is supplied by all except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The transversus abdominis is innervated by the anterior rami of the lower six thoracic nerves (T7–T12) and by L1 via the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves. It is not supplied by the second lumbar nerve (L2).

Question 36

The anterior abdominal wall is made up of except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall include the skin, superficial fascia, muscles with their investing deep fascia, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat, and the peritoneum. There is no cartilaginous membrane in this wall.

Question 37

Which system complements the circulatory system and involves the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The lymphatic system returns interstitial fluid to the bloodstream and includes lymphoid organs such as the spleen, which filters the blood and supports immune function.

Question 38

This nerve arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus. In the forearm this nerve supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and also accompanies the ulnar artery. In the hand it supplies the medial side of the hand (little and ring fingers). Name the nerve?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The ulnar nerve arises from the medial cord (C8–T1), innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris and part of the FDP in the forearm, travels with the ulnar artery, and provides sensory supply to the medial hand, including the little finger and half of the ring finger.

Question 39

Which muscle divides the axillary artery into three parts?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The axillary artery is divided by the pectoralis minor muscle into three parts: proximal (first), posterior (second), and distal (third).

Question 40

The term applied to a sheath or band of fibrous connective tissue that lies beneath the skin or forms an investment for muscles and various organs of the body is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fascia is a sheet or band of dense, fibrous connective tissue beneath the skin that surrounds and invests muscles, vessels, and organs. The other options are specific structures (rectus sheath, linea alba), subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis), or bone-to-bone connectors (ligament).

Question 41

The neck of the bladder lies inferiorly and rests on the upper surface of what?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In male anatomy, the bladder neck sits directly on top of the prostate gland; the other options are unrelated endocrine glands located elsewhere.

Question 42

Muscle that extends along the entire length of the anterior abdominal wall?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The rectus abdominis is a paired vertical strap muscle extending from the pubis to the xiphoid process and costal cartilages, spanning the entire anterior abdominal wall. The obliques and the transversus form the lateral walls.

Question 43

Which one of the following is correct regarding the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The duodenal bulb (first part) lies at approximately the L1 vertebral level in the supine position. The duodenum is about 25 cm long, and only most—but not all—parts are retroperitoneal.

Question 44

Which of the following is not part of the abdominal wall?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The abdominal wall consists of skin, fascia, abdominal muscles, and the parietal peritoneum. The pleural membrane lines the thoracic cavity around the lungs, not the abdomen, so it is not part of the abdominal wall.

Question 45

Which branch of science deals with the study of the normal structure, shape, size, and location of the various parts of the body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Anatomy studies the structure and organization of body parts; physiology is the study of function, oncology is the study of cancer, and otolaryngology is a specialty (ENT).

Question 46

Which branch of the thoracoacromial artery supplies the deltoid muscle?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The thoracoacromial artery gives off four branches: pectoral, deltoid, acromial, and clavicular. The deltoid branch runs in the deltopectoral groove and supplies the deltoid muscle.

Question 47

All are branches of the brachial artery except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Brachial artery branches include the profunda brachii (deep artery), the nutrient artery to the humerus, and the superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries. The radial collateral artery is a branch of the profunda brachii, not a direct branch of the brachial; there is no superior radial collateral from the brachial.

Question 48

The umbilicus is a scar representing the site of attachment of the umbilical cord in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The umbilicus lies on the midline fibrous raphe of the anterior abdominal wall, the linea alba.

Question 49

The potential space between the parietal and visceral layers, which is, in effect, the inside space of the balloon, is called the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum is the peritoneal cavity (peritoneal space). The peritoneum is the membrane itself, while mesenteries and omenta are peritoneal folds; the pleural cavity is in the thorax.

Question 50

What does the human skull consist of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The skull has 22 bones in total—8 cranial and 14 facial bones.

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