Question 1

Principles of primary health care includes all except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Primary health care emphasizes community involvement, intersectoral collaboration, and the use of appropriate, locally adaptable technology. It is not primarily coordinated by doctors; rather, it relies on a multidisciplinary, community-centered approach. Therefore, “mainly coordinated by doctors” is not a principle of PHC.

Question 2

Which suggestion by the nurse is most appropriate to help a parent reduce anxiety about their 8-month-old infant?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Calm, consistent interaction supports bonding and soothes anxiety; limiting contact or prolonged separation can worsen distress.

Question 3

Jessie, a young man with newly diagnosed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is being discharged from the hospital. The nurse knows that teaching regarding prevention of AIDS transmission has been effective when the client?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Understanding sexual transmission and safe practices is central to preventing HIV spread.

Question 4

The IMNCI target group is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: IMNCI (Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses) addresses young infants and children under five years of age.

Question 5

The nurse is discussing the appropriate amount of milk intake with the parents of an 18-month-old child. It is important to stress that the child?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Milk intake should be limited to 16–24 oz (3–4 cups) daily to prevent iron deficiency anemia and promote solid food consumption.

Question 6

'Quarantine': which level of prevention?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Quarantine restricts the movement of contacts during the incubation period to prevent transmission and to allow early detection—an intervention in the early stage of disease, classified as secondary prevention.

Question 7

Which client is at the greatest risk of developing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The greatest risk is in postmenopausal women, especially with a sedentary lifestyle and smoking—both accelerate bone loss. An older male who drinks alcohol is at risk but less so than an older sedentary female smoker.

Question 8

A couple asks the nurse about the risks of several birth control methods. The most appropriate response by the nurse would be?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Combined oral contraceptives increase the risk of thromboembolic and cardiovascular events, especially in smokers (particularly those over the age of 35). Other options are inaccurate: Norplant removal may be difficult, Depo-Provera has notable side effects, and IUDs do not protect against infection.

Question 9

A recovering alcoholic asked the nurse, "Will it be okay for me to just drink at special family gatherings?" Which of the following initial responses by the nurse would be best?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Alcohol dependence is a chronic, relapsing condition. Even small amounts of alcohol can re-trigger the addiction process through neurochemical reinforcement pathways. Complete abstinence remains the only evidence-based method of maintaining sobriety. The nurse’s role is to reinforce relapse prevention education empathetically.

Question 10

Which mission must be emphasized to strengthen the country's health care system?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Effective health systems focus on equity—ensuring that all populations have access to conditions and resources necessary for health. Strategies such as education, vaccination, and preventive screening enhance opportunities to maintain wellness rather than focusing solely on treatment.

Question 11

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing coronary heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Smoking, hypertension, and elevated serum cholesterol are well-established, modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease, so all listed options are correct.

Question 12

The recent increase in reported cases of active tuberculosis in the United States is attributed to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: HIV causes immunosuppression, increasing susceptibility to new TB infections and to reactivation of latent TB, contributing to higher reported cases.

Question 13

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of a 7-year-old who has been diagnosed with asthma. Which sports activity would be most appropriate for this client?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Swimming is preferred for children with asthma because warm, humid air and interval breathing reduce exercise-induced bronchospasm compared with high-endurance or cold-air sports like track or football.

Question 14

Which individual is at greatest risk for developing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: African American individuals have the highest prevalence and earlier onset of hypertension compared with other groups. Although age increases the risk, the strong racial risk factor makes a 45-year-old African American the highest-risk option listed.

Question 15

Which individual is at greatest risk of developing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: African American ethnicity is associated with the highest prevalence and earlier onset of hypertension. While age increases risk, the racial risk factor places this individual at the greatest risk among the options.

Question 16

The WHO initiative 'Right to Sight' is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: WHO’s global eye-health initiative is officially called Vision 2020: The Right to Sight.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a form of barrier contraception?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Barrier methods physically block sperm from reaching the cervix (condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps). A copper intrauterine device works in the uterus by creating a spermicidal environment and is not a barrier method.

Question 18

Which of the following does the nurse caring for clients with coronary artery disease recognize as a modifiable risk factor?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Elevated LDL is a modifiable risk factor for CAD that can be reduced through diet, exercise, and medications, whereas family history, race, and gender are nonmodifiable.

Question 19

The nurse is discussing cigarette smoking with a client with emphysema. The client states, "I don't know why I should worry about cancer." The nurse's response is based on the fact that the most important reason for a client with emphysema to avoid smoking is that it?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Smoking accelerates emphysema by causing destruction of the alveolar walls (the lung parenchyma), the key pathologic process that worsens gas exchange and lung function.

Question 20

A post-appendectomy patient has been assigned to you. You have assessed that he needs more knowledge about proper wound care. What role should you assume in this situation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The patient lacks knowledge about proper wound care; the nurse's role is to teach and provide education to promote safe self-care and prevent complications.

Question 21

The nurse calculates a body mass index (BMI) of 16 for a young adult woman who comes to the physician's office for a college physical. This patient is considered?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A BMI less than 18.5 is classified as underweight; a BMI of 16 falls within this range.

Question 22

In teaching HIV prevention to high school students, which health practice should be emphasized?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Consistent condom use with a water-based lubricant reduces the risk of HIV transmission by providing a barrier and preventing condom breakage. Antibacterial soaps or mouthwash do not prevent HIV, and abstaining only during menstruation is not an evidence-based prevention strategy.

Question 23

The nurse is performing discharge teaching on a client at high risk for the development of skin cancer. Which instruction should be included in the client teaching?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Sun protection is key in preventing skin cancer. Midday sun exposure should be avoided, not encouraged; routine 6‑month visits are not universally required; and not all moles require removal—only suspicious lesions. Wearing sunscreen is correct preventative teaching.

Question 24

Nurses can teach parents of preschoolers that the best way they can begin to teach their child about injury prevention is to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Preschoolers learn primarily through imitation; modeling safe behaviors helps instill safety awareness.

Question 25

Which method is a permanent female contraceptive?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tubectomy is female sterilization and provides permanent contraception. Vasectomy is for males, while Copper and oral pills are reversible methods.

Question 26

Which pet is most appropriate for a child with bronchial asthma?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fur and feathers can trigger asthma via dander/allergens; fish produce minimal airborne allergens, making them the safest choice.

Question 27

What is considered the backbone of public health nursing?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In community/public health nursing, home visiting is the primary method for delivering services to families and is widely described as the backbone of public health nursing.

Question 28

The nurse is preparing a handout on infant feeding to distribute to families visiting the clinic. Which of the following should be included in the teaching materials?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Infant feeding education recommends introducing solids around 4–6 months, one new food at a time, beginning with iron-fortified cereal. Early introduction of meats or egg whites and placing solids in a bottle are not recommended due to allergy and choking risks.

Question 29

A two-year-old child has just been diagnosed with Cystic Fibrosis. The child's father asks the nurse, "What are the chances that another child of ours will have Cystic Fibrosis?" Which of the following is the best response?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder; when both parents are carriers, each pregnancy has a 25% risk of an affected child. Thus the best response is the 25% chance per child.

Question 30

A community health nurse is teaching healthy lifestyles to a group of senior citizens. The nurse knows that the leading cause of death in persons 65 and older is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among adults aged 65 and older; COPD, diabetes, and pneumonia contribute to morbidity but are not the top cause.

Question 31

Which method is a female permanent family planning method?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tubectomy (tubal ligation) is a surgical, permanent method of contraception. Oral pills, DMPA injection, and IUCD are reversible methods.

Question 32

Conducting a Pap smear examination to detect cervical cancer is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pap smear is a screening test to detect disease early in asymptomatic individuals, which is secondary prevention.

Question 33

Early diagnosis and treatment are emphasized in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Secondary prevention focuses on screening, early diagnosis, and prompt treatment to halt or limit disease progression.

Question 34

Which community-level initiative is most effective in reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a U.S. population?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: School-based programs that promote balanced nutrition, daily physical activity, and healthy lifestyle habits have strong evidence for reducing childhood obesity and lowering long-term risk of type 2 diabetes. These interventions target modifiable behaviors at a population level, making them among the most effective preventive strategies.

Question 35

Elements of primary health care include all of the following except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Alma-Ata PHC elements include safe water/sanitation, essential drugs, and health education. A referral system is a feature/principle of PHC delivery, not one of its core elements.

Question 36

RBSK was launched in the year?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) was launched in 2013 under the National Health Mission for child health screening and early intervention.

Question 37

Which of the following interventions focuses on giving chemoprophylaxis for cholera?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Chemoprophylaxis is a primary prevention measure aimed at protecting individuals by targeted prevention (e.g., antibiotics for contacts), which falls under specific protection.

Question 38

Which of the following is the leading cause of death among adolescents?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the foremost cause of adolescent mortality, exceeding suicide and communicable diseases.

Question 39

Which of these aims to put "People's health in people's hands"?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Primary health care emphasizes community participation and self‑reliance—placing people’s health in their own hands per the Alma‑Ata principles.

Question 40

Elements of primary healthcare are the following, except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Health education and provision of essential drugs are core elements of primary health care per Alma-Ata; intersectoral coordination is a principle of PHC, not an element.

Question 41

The most common morbidity among schoolchildren is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Dental caries and other dental problems are the most prevalent chronic conditions among school-age children globally, making dental ailments the commonest morbidity.

Question 42

The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) was launched jointly by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: BFHI is a global program launched in 1991 by WHO and UNICEF to promote breastfeeding and mother–baby friendly maternity practices.

Question 43

IMNCI includes all except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: IMNCI targets leading acute childhood illnesses such as pneumonia/respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, measles, and malnutrition; tuberculosis is not included in the standard IMNCI case management.

Question 44

All of the following are true about breastfeeding EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Breastfeeding should be initiated within the first hour after birth to promote bonding and early colostrum intake. Delaying four hours contradicts standard newborn care practices.

Question 45

What does nipple confusion mean?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Nipple confusion occurs when an infant introduced early to artificial nipples has difficulty latching onto the breast due to differences in suckling technique. It can interfere with successful breastfeeding.

Question 46

What color code is a patient treated at home allotted according to IMNCI color coding?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) chart, green signifies “home care advice only,” yellow indicates “specific medical treatment,” and red signals “urgent referral.”

Question 47

The term comprehensive health care was first used by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Bhore Committee (Health Survey and Development Committee, 1946) introduced the concept of comprehensive health care by integrating preventive, promotive, and curative services.

Question 48

Primary health care includes all except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Principles of primary health care include equitable distribution, community participation, and use of appropriate, affordable technology (low cost). It does not require the latest technology.

Question 49

All of the following are elements of primary health care, EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Alma-Ata elements of primary health care include immunization, essential drugs, and prevention/control of endemic diseases; periodic health checkup camps are not among the core elements.

Question 50

A community health nurse is teaching a group of adults about lifestyle changes that reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Which recommendation is the MOST effective for primary prevention?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Increasing physical activity is a primary prevention strategy that reduces insulin resistance, promotes weight control, and lowers the risk of developing type 2 diabetes before the disease occurs. Exercise is one of the strongest evidence-based interventions for preventing metabolic disorders.

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