Basic Concepts & Foundations Practice Test 13
Basic Concepts & Foundations NCLEX Practice Test
Basic Concepts & Foundations is a key topic within the NCLEX test plan, located under Nursing Science → Clinical Foundations → Basic Concepts & Foundations. This section consolidates fundamental biomedical concepts essential for safe, evidence-based nursing practice. Each test contains 50 questions designed to mirror the difficulty and variety of the real exam.
This is the 13th part of the Basic Concepts & Foundations series. To explore all practice tests under this topic, use the “Back to Main Topic” button at the end of the page.
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In the Basic Concepts & Foundations Study Cards section, shared by real NCLEX candidates, you’ll find concise summaries and high-yield insights related to the most tested concepts. It’s a perfect space to reinforce challenging topics and sharpen your recall through quick, focused repetitions. Short, powerful, and repeatable!
Basic Concepts & Foundations Practice Test 13
Sleep disorder in children is due to?
- Loss of appetite
- Bright light
- Insecurity
- Constipation
Explanation: Answer reason: A sense of insecurity (e.g., fear, stress, unstable routines) is a common psychosocial driver of pediatric insomnia and night waking. Bright light can disrupt circadian rhythms, but the question asks for the typical underlying cause in children, which is more often related to emotional factors. Loss of appetite and constipation may cause discomfort, yet they are not primary, classic etiologies of sleep disorder compared with anxiety/insecurity.
Breast self examination (BSE) involves both?
- Inspection of breast and palpation of breast tissue
- Palpation of breast tissue and cervical lymph nodes
- Palpation of breast tissue and squeezing nipple for discharge
- Palpation of breast tissue and axillary lymph nodes
Explanation: Answer reason: Visual inspection is essential because some malignancies present with skin dimpling, nipple retraction, or contour changes even without a palpable lump. Routine self-exam does not require palpation of cervical nodes, and focusing there can misdirect the exam away from the breast itself. Squeezing the nipple is not a standard component because it can cause physiologic discharge and false concern unless discharge is spontaneous or otherwise abnormal.
On a given day a hospital had 50 admissions with about 20 girls and 30 boys, out of which 10 girls and 20 boys needed surgery. What is the probability of picking up a person requiring surgery?
- 6-Feb
- 5-Mar
- 2-Jan
- 25-Jun
Explanation: Answer reason: The total admissions are 50, and those requiring surgery are 10 girls + 20 boys = 30. Therefore the probability of selecting someone needing surgery is 30/50 = 3/5. The matching option is written in date-like shorthand as “5-Mar,” representing 3/5.
What is the basic unit of life?
- Nucleus
- Chromosome
- DNA
- Cell
Explanation: Answer reason: Nucleus, chromosomes, and DNA are essential components of many cells, but none can independently perform the full range of life functions on their own. In biology and nursing foundations, this concept underpins understanding of tissues, organs, and body systems as organized collections of cells. A common confusion is focusing on genetic material, but genetic material alone does not constitute a living unit without the cellular machinery surrounding it.
A patient with long-standing diabetes mellitus (type I) is scheduled for surgical amputation of 4 gangrenous toes on the right foot. Which surgical intervention would this be classified as?
- Palliative
- Curative
- Reconstructive
- Diagnostic
Explanation: Answer reason: In diabetic toe gangrene, amputation removes nonviable tissue, controls odor/infection risk, and reduces pain and systemic complications from necrosis. It does not correct the underlying diabetes-related vascular/neuropathic disease, so it is not a curative procedure. It is also not reconstructive (no restoration of form/function is the goal) and not diagnostic (no primary tissue sampling to establish a diagnosis).
Neonatal period lasts for ...?
- 7 days
- 14 days
- 28 days
- 3 months
Explanation: Answer reason: This interval corresponds to the time of greatest physiologic transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life, with higher vulnerability to hypothermia, infection, respiratory issues, and feeding problems. Options like 7 or 14 days describe early subsets (early neonatal) but do not represent the full neonatal window. Three months extends into infancy and is not used as the neonatal definition.
Skin closure with heterograft will be performed on a client with a burn injury. When the client asks the nurse where the heterograft comes from, the nurse should explain it is from which source?
- A cadaver
- Another animal species
- The burned client themselves
- A man-made synthetic source
Explanation: Answer reason: This graft provides short-term coverage to reduce fluid loss, pain, and infection risk while the wound bed prepares for definitive closure. In contrast, tissue from a cadaver is an allograft (homograft), and tissue from the patient is an autograft. Synthetic coverings are classified as artificial or biosynthetic substitutes rather than a heterograft.
Which is a common location for snakebites?
- Chest
- Abdomen
- Lower extremities
- Back
Explanation: Answer reason: Legs, feet, and ankles are commonly affected because people may unintentionally step near or on a snake, provoking a defensive bite. Upper-body sites like the chest, abdomen, or back are comparatively uncommon unless there is direct handling or unusual exposure. Therefore the typical bite location is the lower extremities.
Measurement performed within living organism, is termed as?
- In Vivo
- In vitro
- Psychological
- Spiritual
Explanation: Answer reason: This concept distinguishes physiologic testing in an intact system from laboratory testing in artificial conditions. The correct choice aligns with the standard scientific terminology where studies inside a living body capture real-time interactions among organs, circulation, and metabolism. A common distractor is “in vitro,” which specifically refers to processes performed outside the organism (e.g., in a test tube or culture dish).
Values are said to be the enduring believe about a worth of a person ,if values are going to be a part of reseach this is catogrized under?
- Qualtitative
- Experimental
- Quantitative
- Non Experimental
Explanation: Answer reason: Approaches like interviews, focus groups, and thematic analysis are designed to understand how people interpret and assign worth, rather than to measure variables statistically. Quantitative designs primarily test hypotheses using numerical measurement and statistical comparisons, making them less suited to capturing personal value systems. Experimental/non-experimental describe study control and manipulation, but the core issue here is the type of data and inquiry, which aligns with qualitative research.
What is the term for the study of the distribution of organisms?
- Ecology
- Biogeography
- Taxonomy
- Embryology
Explanation: Answer reason: This concept specifically concerns where organisms occur and the patterns of their presence across regions and habitats over time. Ecology focuses more on interactions among organisms and their environments, not primarily their geographic ranges. Taxonomy addresses naming/classifying organisms, and embryology addresses development from fertilization to fetal stages.
DERMATOLOGIE Une lésion cutanée qui commence par une petite bosse ferme, puis s’élargit en masse sous-cutanée est la plus compatible avec ?
- Papule
- Tumeur
- Pustule
- Fissure
Explanation: Answer reason: L’évolution décrite (petite bosse ferme qui s’agrandit) correspond à une augmentation progressive de volume compatible avec une lésion tumorale. Une papule est une petite élévation solide superficielle, généralement limitée et ne correspondant pas à une véritable masse sous-cutanée. Une pustule contient du pus et une fissure est une solution de continuité linéaire de la peau, ce qui ne concorde pas avec une masse ferme croissante.
Which one of the following is a polymorphic species?
- Gorilla
- Ant
- Garden Lizard
- Spider
Explanation: Answer reason: Social insects exhibit clear, stable morphs within one species due to developmental pathways and division of labor. Ant colonies typically include workers, soldiers, and reproductive forms (queens and males) that differ markedly in size and anatomy. The other choices do not characteristically show discrete caste-based morphs as a defining, standard example in basic biology MCQs.
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