Question 1

What are symptoms of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pneumonia typically presents with cough, fever, and chills; rash, joint pain, jaundice, or peeling skin are not characteristic, so only option A is correct.

Question 2

Which of the following are the characteristics of ARDS EXPECT?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: ARDS is characterized by severe dyspnea, refractory hypoxemia, and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disease and not a feature of ARDS, making it the exception.

Question 3

Which is not a hallmark feature of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Asthma hallmarks include reversible bronchospasm, airway inflammation with mucosal oedema, and epithelial damage. Dynamic airway collapse is more typical of conditions like COPD/tracheobronchomalacia, not a hallmark of asthma.

Question 4

Hypoxia is ...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hypoxia is defined as decreased oxygen availability at the tissue level; hypoxemia is low oxygen in blood, and cyanosis is bluish discoloration.

Question 5

All the following are signs and symptoms of pneumonia except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Typical pneumonia features include fever, cough with difficult breathing, and chest indrawing (retractions). Bradycardia is not expected; tachycardia is more common with fever and respiratory distress.

Question 6

Which of the following is not considered a COPD related disease?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: COPD encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema; bronchiectasis may be associated. 'Bronchial hypotension' is not a recognized pulmonary disease and is unrelated to COPD.

Question 7

The parietal pleura is supplied by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Parietal pleura receives its blood supply mainly from systemic intercostal arteries (and branches of the internal thoracic). Bronchial arteries supply the visceral pleura; carotid is unrelated.

Question 8

In cystic fibrosis, which organ is most affected?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cystic fibrosis causes thick, sticky secretions leading to chronic airway obstruction and infections; the lungs are the primary and most severely affected organs.

Question 9

Permanent abnormal dilation and destruction of bronchi and bronchioles is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bronchiectasis is defined as permanent abnormal dilation of bronchi/bronchioles due to destruction of their walls. Emphysema involves alveolar enlargement, atelectasis is collapse, and asthma is reversible airway hyperreactivity.

Question 10

Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: PEEP is defined as a positive pressure remaining in the alveoli at the end of expiration relative to atmospheric pressure.

Question 11

What is respiration?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Respiration is the overall process of gas exchange between atmosphere and tissues. A is ventilation, B is external respiration (alveolar gas exchange), and C is internal respiration (tissue level). D encompasses the entire process.

Question 12

Increase in the depth of respiration is called-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hyperpnea refers to an increase in the depth of breathing. Tachypnea is increased rate, apnea is absence of breathing, and orthopnea is dyspnea relieved by sitting up.

Question 13

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea is called the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped cartilaginous flap that covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea. The uvula and laryngopharynx are not flaps, and the cricothyroid membrane is a ligamentous structure.

Question 14

In assessing a patient for tracheal displacement, toward which side will the trachea deviate in a simple pneumothorax?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Air in the pleural space increases intrapleural pressure and pushes the mediastinum and trachea away from the affected lung, producing contralateral deviation.

Question 15

Together, the right and left lung contain how many lobes?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Right lung has 3 lobes and the left lung has 2 lobes; total is 5.

Question 16

Pleura is the layer of....?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pleura is the serous membrane that envelops the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity.

Question 17

Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forceful expiration is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Residual volume is the air that remains in the lungs after maximal (forceful) expiration. FRC is the volume after a normal expiration, and IRV/ERV are reserves around tidal breathing, not the residual remainder.

Question 18

Which of the following is a classic symptom of pulmonary embolism?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pulmonary embolism classically presents with sudden pleuritic chest pain and dyspnea; vomiting and high fever are not typical.

Question 19

What type of respirations is characterized by periods of apnea lasting 10 seconds to 1 minute followed by respirations that gradually increase in depth and frequency?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cheyne-Stokes breathing features cycles of apnea followed by respirations that progressively increase in depth and frequency before decreasing again.

Question 20

What is the maximum volume of air that can be released from the lungs by forceful expiration after deepest inspiration called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled forcefully after a maximal inspiration.

Question 21

What is the most likely diagnosis for a 5-year-old boy with sudden onset wheezing, difficulty breathing, no fever, and a family history of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Sudden wheezing and dyspnea without fever in a 5-year-old with family history of asthma is most consistent with asthma exacerbation. Bronchiolitis typically affects infants; pneumonia usually presents with fever; foreign body aspiration often follows a choking episode or localized findings.

Question 22

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The respiratory system’s primary function is gas exchange—bringing in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. The other options describe functions of other systems.

Question 23

A patient with COPD is most likely to have which acid-base condition?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: COPD causes chronic hypoventilation with CO2 retention, increasing PaCO2 and leading to respiratory acidosis (with renal compensation over time).

Question 24

Pulmonary edema is caused by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pulmonary edema is defined as fluid accumulation in the lung interstitium and alveoli; the other options describe different processes.

Question 25

Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, causing difficulty in breathing?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, often causing dyspnea. Pneumothorax is air in the pleural space, pleurisy is pleural inflammation, and pulmonary embolism is a clot in pulmonary arteries.

Question 26

Which of the following is TRUE about the mechanism of action of the Aortic and Carotid bodies?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Aortic and carotid bodies are peripheral chemoreceptors; increased arterial pressure reduces their stimulatory drive and via baroreceptor interaction tends to depress ventilation, so elevated BP is associated with a decrease in respiratory rate. BP changes do not directly cause metabolic alkalosis or acidosis.

Question 27

The larynx is part of which body system?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The larynx (voice box) is part of the upper airway and functions in breathing, phonation, and airway protection, making it a component of the respiratory system.

Question 28

The parents of a child who has recently been diagnosed with asthma ask the nurse to explain the condition to them. The BEST response is "Asthma causes"?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Asthma is characterized by bronchoconstriction, airway edema, and mucus plugging, which narrow the airways and obstruct airflow. Airways are not dilated (eliminates B), it is not due to hyperactive respiratory nerves (C), nor a decrease in stress hormones (D).

Question 29

The pleural cavity contains serous pleural fluid, which lubricates the pleural surfaces and allows the layers of pleura to slide smoothly over each other during respiration?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pleural space normally contains a thin film of serous pleural fluid that reduces friction so the visceral and parietal pleura can glide smoothly during breathing.

Question 30

Which of the following allows air to pass into the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The trachea is the primary airway conducting air from the larynx to the bronchi and into the lungs; the other options are not part of the respiratory air pathway.

Question 31

The functional unit of lungs is the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Alveoli are the functional units of the lungs where gas exchange occurs; nephron is a kidney unit, hepatocytes are liver cells, and capillaries are vessels rather than the lung’s functional unit.

Question 32

Which muscle is NOT used in forced expiration?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Forced expiration is accomplished by abdominal muscles and internal intercostals; the diaphragm is the primary muscle of inspiration and relaxes during expiration, so it is not used for forced expiration.

Question 33

Which of the following allows gas exchange in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gas exchange occurs across the thin walls of the alveoli and the surrounding pulmonary capillaries; bronchi and bronchioles are conducting airways, and the pleurae are membranes.

Question 34

A mobile cartilaginous and membranous tube which begins in the neck as a continuation of the larynx at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The trachea is a cartilaginous and membranous airway that begins at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage (C6) as a continuation of the larynx.

Question 35

The upper two thirds of trachea are supplied by the inferior thyroid arteries and the lower third is supplied by the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Arterial supply of the trachea: upper two thirds from inferior thyroid arteries; lower third from bronchial arteries.

Question 36

A mobile cartilaginous and membranous tube which begins in the neck as a continuation of the larynx at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The trachea is a mobile cartilaginous and membranous tube that begins at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage as a continuation of the larynx.

Question 37

The potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of pleura is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The space between visceral and parietal pleura is the pleural cavity; peritoneal cavity is abdominal, and the other options are not anatomical terms.

Question 38

The thoracic cage is a structural unit important for which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The thoracic cage (ribs, sternum, associated muscles) expands and contracts to facilitate ventilation, making it essential for respiration; the other options are unrelated.

Question 39

The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the air spaces in the lungs and the blood takes place by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gas exchange across the alveolar-capillary membrane occurs by simple diffusion down partial pressure gradients, not by active transport or osmosis.

Question 40

A mobile cartilaginous and membranous tube which begins in the neck as a continuation of the larynx at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The trachea is a flexible cartilaginous and membranous tube that starts at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage as a continuation of the larynx.

Question 41

Which part of the bronchial tree divides into 2 to 11 alveolar ducts that enter the alveolar sacs?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Respiratory bronchioles are the first airways containing alveoli and give rise to multiple alveolar ducts (about 2–11) that end in alveolar sacs.

Question 42

The posterior free ends of the tracheal cartilages are connected by trachealis muscles, which are the types of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The trachealis is a band of smooth muscle connecting the posterior ends of the C-shaped tracheal cartilages, allowing diameter adjustment during coughing and respiration.

Question 43

A bronchopulmonary segment is associated with all features except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bronchopulmonary segments are anatomical units supplied by a segmental (tertiary) bronchus and segmental artery, separated by connective tissue septa. Pulmonary veins run in the intersegmental septa; they are intersegmental, not segmental.

Question 44

Which one of the is true regarding diapharm?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The diaphragm contracts and descends (flattens), increasing thoracic volume to facilitate inspiration. It does not move outward on expiration, is not primarily protective for lungs or abdominal organs, and its motor control is via the somatic phrenic nerve, not parasympathetic.

Question 45

What lies at the MEDIAL surface of the lungs, and is the place where pulmonary vessels, bronchial vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves, enters and leave the lung?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The hilum is the medial lung doorway through which bronchi, pulmonary and bronchial vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter and exit. Other options are unrelated or misspellings (gas or GI segments).

Question 46

Which part of the bronchioles tree divides into 2 to 11 alveolar ducts that enter the alveolar sacs is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Respiratory bronchioles are the first airway segments with alveoli and branch into multiple (about 2–11) alveolar ducts leading to alveolar sacs; primary/secondary/tertiary bronchioles are conducting airways.

Question 47

A mobile cartilaginous and membranous tube. It begins in the neck as a continuation of the larynx at the lower border of the cricoids cartilage is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The trachea is a flexible cartilaginous and membranous airway that continues from the larynx at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage.

Question 48

What lies at the MEDIAL surface of the lungs, and is the place where pulmonary vessels, bronchial vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves, enter and leave the lung?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The hilum on the mediastinal surface of each lung is the gateway where the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter and exit.

Question 49

Dogs take in oxygen during inspiration by which of the following process?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Oxygen crosses the alveolar-capillary membrane down its partial pressure gradient by simple passive diffusion, not osmosis, active transport, or facilitated diffusion.

Question 50

Contains the pneumotaxic and the apneutic centers?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pneumotaxic and apneustic centers that regulate the rate and depth of breathing are located in the pons of the brainstem.

Train with a large NCLEX question bank and jump into a full exam-style simulator

Respiratory System NCLEX Practice Test

Continue Learning

What are symptoms of pneumonia?

Which of the following are the characteristics of ARDS EXPECT?

Which is not a hallmark feature of asthma?

Hypoxia is ...?

All the following are signs and symptoms of pneumonia except?

Which of the following is not considered a COPD related disease?

The parietal pleura is supplied by?

In cystic fibrosis, which organ is most affected?

Permanent abnormal dilation and destruction of bronchi and bronchioles is known as?

Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) is?

What is respiration?

Increase in the depth of respiration is called-?

The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea is called the?

In assessing a patient for tracheal displacement, toward which side will the trachea deviate in a simple pneumothorax?

Together, the right and left lung contain how many lobes?

Pleura is the layer of....?

Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forceful expiration is called?

Which of the following is a classic symptom of pulmonary embolism?

What type of respirations is characterized by periods of apnea lasting 10 seconds to 1 minute followed by respirations that gradually increase in depth and frequency?

What is the maximum volume of air that can be released from the lungs by forceful expiration after deepest inspiration called?

What is the most likely diagnosis for a 5-year-old boy with sudden onset wheezing, difficulty breathing, no fever, and a family history of asthma?

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A patient with COPD is most likely to have which acid-base condition?

Pulmonary edema is caused by which of the following?

Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, causing difficulty in breathing?

Which of the following is TRUE about the mechanism of action of the Aortic and Carotid bodies?

The larynx is part of which body system?

The parents of a child who has recently been diagnosed with asthma ask the nurse to explain the condition to them. The BEST response is "Asthma causes"?

The pleural cavity contains serous pleural fluid, which lubricates the pleural surfaces and allows the layers of pleura to slide smoothly over each other during respiration?

Which of the following allows air to pass into the lungs?

The functional unit of lungs is the?

Which muscle is NOT used in forced expiration?

Which of the following allows gas exchange in the lungs?

A mobile cartilaginous and membranous tube which begins in the neck as a continuation of the larynx at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage is?

The upper two thirds of trachea are supplied by the inferior thyroid arteries and the lower third is supplied by the?

A mobile cartilaginous and membranous tube which begins in the neck as a continuation of the larynx at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage is?

The potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of pleura is known as?

The thoracic cage is a structural unit important for which of the following functions?

The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the air spaces in the lungs and the blood takes place by?

A mobile cartilaginous and membranous tube which begins in the neck as a continuation of the larynx at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage is?

Which part of the bronchial tree divides into 2 to 11 alveolar ducts that enter the alveolar sacs?

The posterior free ends of the tracheal cartilages are connected by trachealis muscles, which are the types of?

A bronchopulmonary segment is associated with all features except?

Which one of the is true regarding diapharm?

What lies at the MEDIAL surface of the lungs, and is the place where pulmonary vessels, bronchial vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves, enters and leave the lung?

Which part of the bronchioles tree divides into 2 to 11 alveolar ducts that enter the alveolar sacs is?

A mobile cartilaginous and membranous tube. It begins in the neck as a continuation of the larynx at the lower border of the cricoids cartilage is?

What lies at the MEDIAL surface of the lungs, and is the place where pulmonary vessels, bronchial vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves, enter and leave the lung?

Dogs take in oxygen during inspiration by which of the following process?

Contains the pneumotaxic and the apneutic centers?

Think you’re ready for the NCLEX?

Leave a Reply Cancel reply