Question 1

Which term is defined as an immovable joint?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Synarthrosis refers to joints that are immovable, such as cranial sutures. Diarthrosis are freely movable and amphiarthrosis are slightly movable; articulations is a general term for joints.

Question 2

Which mineral makes bones too strong?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Calcium is the principal mineral of bone (as hydroxyapatite), providing hardness and strength.

Question 3

Which of the following is the known bone-forming cell?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Osteoblasts are the bone-forming cells that synthesize osteoid and mineralize bone. Osteoclasts resorb bone, osteocytes are mature maintenance cells, and fibroblasts form connective tissue rather than bone.

Question 4

Which part of the skull is the sphenoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Among the listed cranial bones, the correct identification of the sphenoid is simply the option labeled Sphenoid bone.

Question 5

Why are older adults more prone to developing hip fractures?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Elderly individuals commonly develop osteoporosis with reduced bone mineral density, making hip fractures more likely even with minor trauma. Other options are nonspecific.

Question 6

What is the largest bone of the body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The femur is the largest and strongest bone in the human body; the humerus, ulna, and radius are smaller bones of the upper limb.

Question 7

What is the total number of bones in an adult human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones: 80 axial and 126 appendicular.

Question 8

Which type of joint is found in the shoulder?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The shoulder (glenohumeral) joint is a synovial ball-and-socket joint, allowing multiaxial movement including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.

Question 9

Inflammation of joints due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals occurs in which condition?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints leads to inflammatory arthritis characteristic of gout.

Question 10

How many bones does the human skeleton consist of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An adult human skeleton contains 206 bones; higher counts apply to infants before fusion.

Question 11

Which is the only long bone in the human body that is situated horizontally?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The clavicle is the only long bone that lies horizontally, forming the anterior part of the shoulder girdle.

Question 12

How is the knee joint classified?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The knee is a modified hinge synovial joint permitting flexion and extension with slight rotation, not a ball-and-socket, pivot, or condyloid joint.

Question 13

The tibia is a bone found in which part of the body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The tibia is the shin bone located in the lower leg.

Question 14

Cells which synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and other organic components needed to build the extracellular matrix of bone tissue is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Osteoblasts synthesize and secrete osteoid (collagen type I and other organic matrix) to build bone. Osteoclasts resorb bone and osteocytes are mature maintenance cells.

Question 15

What is the most serious complication of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fat embolism syndrome after fractures—especially long-bone fractures—can rapidly cause respiratory failure and death, making it the most serious complication compared with hemorrhage, sepsis, or hypertension.

Question 16

What is the total number of vertebrae in a human?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Humans have 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused), and 4 coccygeal (fused).

Question 17

What is the muscle of injection in the shoulder called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The standard intramuscular injection site in the shoulder is the deltoid muscle.

Question 18

A client is admitted with a Ewing’s sarcoma. Which symptoms would be expected due to this tumor’s location?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ewing’s sarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor; its location in bone typically causes localized bone pain. Neurologic deficits like hemiplegia or aphasia indicate brain involvement, and nausea is nonspecific.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a synarthrosis joint?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Synarthroses are immovable fibrous joints; skull sutures are classic examples. Wrist, hip, and elbow are synovial diarthroses with significant movement.

Question 20

What is the place where two or more bones meet called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A joint is the location where two or more bones meet; marrow is tissue inside bones, calcium is a mineral, and a nail is a keratin structure.

Question 21

What is the most common nerve injured in a supracondylar fracture of the humerus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In supracondylar humerus fractures (typically extension type), the most frequently injured nerve is the anterior interosseous nerve, a branch of the median nerve.

Question 22

Which type of joint is seen in the growth plate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The epiphyseal (growth) plate is a synchondrosis composed of hyaline cartilage, which is classified as a primary cartilaginous joint.

Question 23

Which disease presents Gowers sign?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gowers' sign—using hands to push on thighs to stand—reflects proximal muscle weakness, classically seen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Question 24

Which type of joint is present in the elbow?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The primary elbow joint (humeroulnar) is a synovial hinge joint that permits flexion and extension.

Question 25

Which is the strongest skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The masseter jaw muscle can generate the greatest force (bite force) among skeletal muscles; gluteus maximus is largest, stapedius is smallest, and sartorius is longest.

Question 26

What is the process of bone formation called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bone formation is termed ossification (osteogenesis). Calcification is deposition of calcium salts, chondrification is cartilage formation, and decalcification is removal of calcium.

Question 27

A 70 year-old woman is evaluated in the emergency room for a wrist fracture with no known precipitating cause. In assessing the client, the nurse identifies which of the following as related to risk factors for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Chronic glucocorticoid use accelerates bone resorption and decreases bone formation, increasing osteoporosis risk. The other options are generally protective or not clear risks.

Question 28

What type of bone is the sternum classified as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The sternum is a flat bone, providing protection for thoracic organs and broad surfaces for muscle attachment.

Question 29

How many pairs of intercostal muscles are in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: There are 12 ribs forming 11 intercostal spaces; the intercostal muscles occupy these spaces, giving 11 pairs.

Question 30

How many bones does the adult human body consist of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The adult human skeleton is composed of 206 bones. The other options are incorrect numerical values.

Question 31

How are bones classified according to size and shape?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bone classification by shape includes long, short, flat, and irregular bones; spongy and compact describe tissue types, and only short and long is incomplete.

Question 32

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The shoulder (glenohumeral) joint is a synovial ball-and-socket joint, allowing multiaxial movement.

Question 33

Which bone is located at the base of the vertebral column?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The coccyx (tailbone) is the terminal bone at the inferior end of the vertebral column; cranium and manubrium are cranial/sternal bones, and the sacrum lies just above the coccyx.

Question 34

A joint is also known as an?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The anatomical term for a joint is an articulation; cartilage is connective tissue and cartilaginous describes a type of joint, not the general term.

Question 35

Which pelvis bone is oval shaped?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The gynecoid (female) pelvis has a rounded to slightly oval pelvic inlet; android is heart-shaped, anthropoid is AP-oval, and platypelloid is transversely oval/flat.

Question 36

What is the medical term for the kneecap?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The kneecap is anatomically called the patella; humerus is the upper arm bone, clavicle the collarbone, and radius a forearm bone.

Question 37

What type of joint is found in the shoulder?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The shoulder (glenohumeral) joint is a synovial ball-and-socket joint allowing multi-axial movement.

Question 38

Which muscle is called the kissing muscle?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Orbicularis oris encircles the mouth and puckers the lips, the action used in kissing. Frontalis raises eyebrows, orbicularis oculi closes eyelids, and temporalis is a muscle of mastication.

Question 39

This muscle originates from medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna. It is inserted in middle phalanx of medial four fingers. Its function is to flex the middle phalanx of fingers and it assists in flexing the proximal phalanx and hand?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The described origin (medial epicondyle and coronoid process), insertion on the middle phalanges of the medial four fingers, and action of flexing the PIP joints with assistance in MCP and wrist flexion match flexor digitorum superficialis. FCU and FCR insert on carpal/metacarpal sites and act on the wrist; FPL acts on the thumb.

Question 40

A patient presented to physiotherapy OPD with unable to perform extension, adduction and medial rotation. After assessment you came to know the muscle involved is the largest muscle of back. The nerve supplying this muscle arises from posterior cord of brachial plexus. Name the nerve?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The actions listed (shoulder extension, adduction, medial rotation) indicate latissimus dorsi, the largest back muscle. Its innervation is the thoracodorsal (middle subscapular) nerve from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus.

Question 41

A patient has a fracture in which the radius is bent but not displaced, and the skin is intact. This type of fracture is known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A greenstick fracture is an incomplete fracture where the bone bends with partial break, and intact skin indicates a closed fracture.

Question 42

The nurse admits a 7 year-old to the emergency room following a leg injury. X-rays show that there is a femur fracture near the epiphysis. The nurse should be aware that at this age, the injury MOST likely will?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Epiphyseal (growth plate) fractures in children can damage the growth plate, leading to growth disturbance and limb-length discrepancy; thus retarded bone growth is most likely.

Question 43

What is the name of the atlas used for calculating skeletal age?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Greulich and Pyle created the standard radiographic atlas of the hand and wrist used to estimate skeletal (bone) age; the other options are not atlases for this purpose.

Question 44

Which muscle is referred to as the second heart of the body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The calf muscles, particularly the soleus, act as a peripheral venous pump that helps return blood to the heart, earning the name 'second heart.

Question 45

The patella, known as the knee cap, is an example of which type of bone?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The patella is the largest sesamoid bone, formed within the quadriceps tendon to improve leverage and protect the joint.

Question 46

How many bones are in the upper limb of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Each upper limb including the pectoral girdle has 32 bones; both upper limbs together total 64 bones.

Question 47

Which muscle is a deep muscle in the pelvic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pubococcygeus (part of the levator ani) forms the pelvic diaphragm, a deep pelvic floor muscle. The vaginal and urethral orifices are openings, and ischiocavernosus is a superficial perineal muscle.

Question 48

The femur is located in the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The femur is the thigh bone, the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It extends from the hip to the knee, forming the proximal hip joint and distal knee joint. Therefore, it is located in the leg (specifically the thigh).

Question 49

Rickets is a disease of the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Rickets results from defective mineralization of growing bone, most often due to vitamin D deficiency. This leads to soft, weak bones with deformities such as bowing of the legs and delayed growth. The pathology primarily involves the skeletal system rather than muscles, blood, or generic tissues.

Question 50

The shoulder and hip joints are of ______ type?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Both the shoulder (glenohumeral) and hip (acetabulofemoral) are synovial ball-and-socket joints, where a spherical head fits into a cup-like socket. This structure allows multiaxial motion including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. Saddle joints are exemplified by the thumb carpometacarpal joint, pivot joints by the atlantoaxial joint, and gliding joints occur between carpal bones.

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