Question 1

All of the following are functions of bones except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bones protect organs and store triglycerides in yellow marrow; excretion is not a function of bones.

Question 2

In a sprain, severe stretching, some tearing, inflammation, and hematoma fall in grade ____?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Grade II sprain involves severe stretching with a partial ligament tear, causing inflammation and a hematoma; Grade I is mild stretching, and Grade III is a complete rupture.

Question 3

A _____ is a deformity of the base joint of the big toe?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A bunion (hallux valgus) is a deformity of the first metatarsophalangeal joint at the base of the big toe.

Question 4

Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes are typically seen in patients with ________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Heberden's (DIP) and Bouchard's (PIP) nodes are classic bony enlargements seen in osteoarthritis.

Question 5

The largest sesamoid bone is ---------- and is located in ---------?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The patella is the largest sesamoid bone and is embedded within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris.

Question 6

Only rotation is possible?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The atlantoaxial joint is a pivot synovial joint between C1 and C2 that permits only rotation, allowing the head to turn. Other listed joints allow gliding or limited movement, not pure rotation.

Question 7

The muscle's outer envelope is covered by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The connective tissue layers of skeletal muscle are endomysium (around fibers), perimysium (around fascicles), and epimysium, which surrounds the entire muscle—its outer envelope. An aponeurosis is a flat tendon, and fascia is a broader connective tissue sheet, not specifically the muscle’s outer coat.

Question 8

The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is the sarcolemma; sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm; myofibrils are contractile elements; and a sarcomere is the functional contractile unit.

Question 9

What is the small triangular bone formed by the fusion of four vertebrae called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The coccyx (tailbone) is formed by the fusion of typically four coccygeal vertebrae into a small triangular bone. The sacrum consists of five fused vertebrae; the others are unrelated structures.

Question 10

What is the zone of active bone formation called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Active longitudinal bone growth occurs at the epiphyseal (growth) plate, located in the metaphysis, making it the zone of active bone formation.

Question 11

The matrix of bone is impregnated with which salt that imparts hardness and rigidity to the tissue?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bone matrix hardness is due to mineralized calcium salts—primarily calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite); hence, calcium is the key salt imparting rigidity.

Question 12

The two hip bones articulate with each other anteriorly at a point called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The left and right pubic bones meet anteriorly at the fibrocartilaginous pubic symphysis. The sacroiliac joints are located posteriorly, and the pubic crest and tubercle are bony landmarks, not the joint between the hip bones.

Question 13

In the lower part of the hip bone, what is the large opening called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The large opening in the inferior part of the hip bone, formed by the pubis and ischium, is the obturator foramen. The acetabulum is the socket for the femoral head, the pelvic brim outlines the pelvic inlet, and the obturator internus is a muscle.

Question 14

Sutures of the skull are examples of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Skull sutures are immovable joints in which the bones are united by dense fibrous connective tissue, classifying them as fibrous (suture) joints.

Question 15

The central, elongated, tubular part of the long bone is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The shaft of a long bone is the diaphysis. The epiphyses are the ends, the metaphysis is the flared region between the diaphysis and the epiphysis, and the epiphyseal cartilage is the growth plate.

Question 16

The joint between the head of a rib and the corresponding vertebral body is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The costovertebral joint between the rib head and the vertebral body is a plane synovial joint.

Question 17

What are the four vertebrae fused together to form a small triangular bone called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The coccyx is the small, triangular, terminal bone of the vertebral column, formed by the fusion of typically four rudimentary coccygeal vertebrae.

Question 18

What is a muscle-to-bone attachment called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tendons connect muscle to bone. Ligaments connect bone to bone, and capsules or bursae do not serve as the primary muscle-to-bone attachment.

Question 19

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The patella is a sesamoid bone embedded in the quadriceps tendon and is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body.

Question 20

The tibia and fibula are articulated with ... at the ankle joint?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The ankle (talocrural) joint is formed by the distal tibia and fibula articulating with the talus.

Question 21

Upper end joint between the radius and the ulna?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The joint between the radius and ulna at the upper (elbow) end is the proximal radioulnar joint; the distal joint is at the wrist, and the middle refers to the interosseous connection.

Question 22

Decrease in the angle between two anterior surfaces is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Flexion is the movement that decreases the angle between two body parts; extension increases the angle, abduction and adduction move away from or toward the midline, and rotation is the turning around an axis.

Question 23

Which muscles are titled visceral muscles?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Visceral muscle refers to the smooth muscle found in the walls of hollow organs; therefore, the correct type is smooth muscle.

Question 24

The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The plasma membrane of a muscle fiber is called the sarcolemma. Myofibrils are contractile organelles, the sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm, and a sarcomere is the functional contractile unit.

Question 25

What are the four vertebrae fused together to form a small triangular bone called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The coccyx is formed by the fusion of typically four coccygeal vertebrae, creating a small triangular bone at the base of the spine. The sacrum consists of five fused vertebrae.

Question 26

Acromial fibers of the deltoid are examples of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The deltoid—particularly its acromial (middle) fibers—has a multipennate arrangement with several featherlike fascicles converging onto multiple tendinous slips.

Question 27

True ribs attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: True ribs (1–7) attach directly to the sternum via their costal cartilages (costochondral connections).

Question 28

Carpals and tarsals are examples of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The carpals of the wrist and the tarsals of the ankle are anatomically classified as short bones.

Question 29

Ribs, scapula, and skull are examples of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ribs, scapulae, and cranial bones are classic examples of flat bones, which protect underlying organs and provide broad surfaces for muscle attachment.

Question 30

The thoracic cage is made up of all except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The thoracic cage consists of the ribs, costal cartilages, the sternum, and the thoracic vertebrae. The clavicle belongs to the pectoral (shoulder) girdle, not the thoracic cage.

Question 31

The type of joint distinguished by having a fluid-filled joint cavity is a ____________ joint?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Synovial joints have a synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid; fibrous and cartilaginous joints lack a fluid-filled joint cavity, and sutures are fibrous joints.

Question 32

They connect the spine to the pelvis and are the strongest joints in the body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The sacroiliac joints link the sacrum (spine) to the ilium (pelvis) and are among the strongest weight-bearing joints due to powerful ligamentous support.

Question 33

A pearly white, fibrous sheet in the abdomen is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The flat, pearly-white fibrous sheet that serves as a broad tendon for the abdominal muscles is an aponeurosis (e.g., the abdominal aponeuroses/linea alba).

Question 34

The largest synovial joint in the body is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The knee is the body’s largest and most complex synovial joint (a modified hinge joint), larger than the shoulder, the ankle, or the wrist.

Question 35

Sternum, known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Anatomically, the sternum is classified as a flat bone, like the ribs and cranial bones.

Question 36

A broken bone with a break in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An open (compound) fracture is a broken bone with an overlying skin break; closed fractures do not break the skin and incomplete fractures are partial breaks.

Question 37

What type of connective tissue connects bone to bone?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ligaments are dense connective tissues that connect bone to bone at joints; tendons connect muscle to bone, cartilage cushions joints, and fascia surrounds muscles.

Question 38

What is the covering of the bone called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The periosteum is the fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of bones. The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone, the epiphyseal plate is the growth plate, and bone marrow is inside the bone.

Question 39

"Human skeleton" consists of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An adult human skeleton has 206 bones; higher counts apply to infants before ossification and fusion.

Question 40

Synovial fluid is present in...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Synovial fluid lubricates synovial joints, reducing friction between articular cartilages; it is not found in sinuses or lungs.

Question 41

What is the first bone of the vertebral column?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The first bone of the vertebral column is the first cervical vertebra, the atlas (C1). The other options are skull or ear bones.

Question 42

Which muscle injury causes torticollis during delivery?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Birth trauma to the sternocleidomastoid muscle leads to fibrosis and head tilt, producing congenital muscular torticollis.

Question 43

Abnormal lateral deviation of vertebral column is..?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lateral curvature of the spine is scoliosis; kyphosis is excessive thoracic posterior curvature, lordosis is excessive lumbar anterior curvature, and osteoporosis is decreased bone density.

Question 44

The appendicular skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The appendicular skeleton includes the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the upper and lower limbs (including the phalanges). The thoracic cage is part of the axial skeleton, so it is the exception.

Question 45

Which is the strongest muscle in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The masseter (jaw muscle) can generate the greatest force of any muscle, producing very high bite forces. The tongue is not a single muscle, the cheek muscles are weaker, and the heart excels in endurance rather than maximal force.

Question 46

Small bundles of skeletal muscle fibers are enclosed in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Small bundles of muscle fibers are fascicles, and each fascicle is surrounded by perimysium. Epimysium covers the whole muscle; endomysium surrounds individual fibers; sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm.

Question 47

Moving a limb away from the body's midline ________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Abduction is movement away from the body’s midline; adduction is toward the midline, eversion turns the sole outward, and flexion decreases a joint angle.

Question 48

Skull is an example of __________ type of joint?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The sutures of the skull are immovable fibrous joints, classified as synarthroses. Diarthrosis are freely movable and amphiarthrosis are slightly movable, so they do not apply.

Question 49

The outer part of shaft of bone is covered by connective tissue known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The periosteum is a dense connective tissue membrane that covers the external surface of bones, particularly the diaphysis, except at articular cartilage.

Question 50

The joints whose articular surfaces are flat or almost flat and permit sliding?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Plane (gliding) synovial joints have flat or nearly flat articular surfaces that allow sliding/gliding movements, such as intercarpal joints.

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All of the following are functions of bones except?

In a sprain, severe stretching, some tearing, inflammation, and hematoma fall in grade ____?

A _____ is a deformity of the base joint of the big toe?

Heberden's and Bouchard's nodes are typically seen in patients with ________?

The largest sesamoid bone is ---------- and is located in ---------?

Only rotation is possible?

The muscle's outer envelope is covered by?

The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called?

What is the small triangular bone formed by the fusion of four vertebrae called?

What is the zone of active bone formation called?

The matrix of bone is impregnated with which salt that imparts hardness and rigidity to the tissue?

The two hip bones articulate with each other anteriorly at a point called?

In the lower part of the hip bone, what is the large opening called?

Sutures of the skull are examples of?

The central, elongated, tubular part of the long bone is called?

The joint between the head of a rib and the corresponding vertebral body is?

What are the four vertebrae fused together to form a small triangular bone called?

What is a muscle-to-bone attachment called?

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?

The tibia and fibula are articulated with ... at the ankle joint?

Upper end joint between the radius and the ulna?

Decrease in the angle between two anterior surfaces is?

Which muscles are titled visceral muscles?

The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called?

What are the four vertebrae fused together to form a small triangular bone called?

Acromial fibers of the deltoid are examples of?

True ribs attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilage?

Carpals and tarsals are examples of?

Ribs, scapula, and skull are examples of?

The thoracic cage is made up of all except?

The type of joint distinguished by having a fluid-filled joint cavity is a ____________ joint?

They connect the spine to the pelvis and are the strongest joints in the body?

A pearly white, fibrous sheet in the abdomen is known as?

The largest synovial joint in the body is?

Sternum, known as?

A broken bone with a break in the skin?

What type of connective tissue connects bone to bone?

What is the covering of the bone called?

"Human skeleton" consists of?

Synovial fluid is present in...?

What is the first bone of the vertebral column?

Which muscle injury causes torticollis during delivery?

Abnormal lateral deviation of vertebral column is..?

The appendicular skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one?

Which is the strongest muscle in the human body?

Small bundles of skeletal muscle fibers are enclosed in?

Moving a limb away from the body's midline ________?

Skull is an example of __________ type of joint?

The outer part of shaft of bone is covered by connective tissue known as?

The joints whose articular surfaces are flat or almost flat and permit sliding?

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