Question 1

Which is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The scaphoid is the most frequently fractured carpal bone because of its location and the way force is transmitted during a fall on an outstretched hand (FOOSH). Its blood supply is also vulnerable, increasing the risk of complications such as avascular necrosis.

Question 2

Movement in the synovial joints?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Synovial joints allow for various types of movements, including flexion, abduction, and rotation, making 'All of the Above' the correct answer.

Question 3

Femur is also known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The femur is the bone of the thigh, not the arm, forearm, or generic leg bones

Question 4

The slenderest long bone of the body is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The fibula is the most slender long bone; the tibia and femur are thicker weight-bearing bones, and the ulna is not the slenderest.

Question 5

The 11th and 12th ribs are called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ribs 11 and 12 have no anterior attachment to the sternum; they are specifically classified as floating ribs.

Question 6

Muscle to bone attachment called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tendons connect muscle to bone; ligaments connect bone to bone, and the other options are not attachment structures.

Question 7

The human body contains how many skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Standard anatomical references list approximately 600 skeletal muscles in the human body.

Question 8

Diaphysis and Epiphysis are separated by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In growing long bones, the diaphysis and epiphysis are separated by the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) of hyaline cartilage.

Question 9

Synovial fluid act as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Synovial fluid primarily lubricates articular surfaces and, via its cohesive properties and maintenance of a thin film within the joint, contributes to joint stability

Question 10

Outer layer of bone?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The periosteum is the fibrous outer covering of bone; the medullary canal is the inner marrow cavity.

Question 11

The cell membrane of a muscle fiber called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is the sarcolemma; the sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm; myofibrils are contractile organelles; and a sarcomere is the basic contractile unit.

Question 12

Patella is an example of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The patella is a sesamoid bone—the largest—embedded in the quadriceps tendon; it is not short, irregular, or pneumatic.

Question 13

What is a site where two or more bones come together, whether or not movement occurs between them, called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A joint is the anatomical junction where two or more bones meet, regardless of whether movement occurs. Tendons connect muscle to bone, ligaments connect bone to bone, and capsules and bursae are supportive structures of joints.

Question 14

Acromial fibers of the deltoid are an example of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The middle (acromial) part of the deltoid has multiple featherlike fascicles converging on a central tendon, a classic multipennate arrangement.

Question 15

Which muscle is the longest in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The sartorius runs obliquely from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial tibia and is recognized as the longest muscle in the human body.

Question 16

What is the upper part of the sternum called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The sternum has three parts: the superior manubrium, the middle body, and the inferior xiphoid process. Therefore, the upper part is the manubrium.

Question 17

How many bones are in the human hand?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: One hand has 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and 14 phalanges, totaling 27 bones.

Question 18

Which disease presents with the Gowers sign?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gowers' sign—using the hands to climb up the thighs when rising—reflects proximal muscle weakness classically seen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Question 19

Ribs, scapula, and skull are examples of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ribs, the scapula, and the skull are classic examples of flat bones, which are thin, protective plates of bone.

Question 20

The elbow joint is an example of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The elbow permits mainly flexion and extension about a single axis of movement, characteristic of a hinge (ginglymus) synovial joint.

Question 21

The three or four most distal vertebrae form the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The coccyx is the terminal segment of the vertebral column, formed by fusion of the most distal three to five coccygeal vertebrae. The sacrum is formed by five sacral vertebrae, and the ilium and ischium are pelvic bones, not vertebrae.

Question 22

What is the thick fibrous membrane covering the surface of a bone that contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The periosteum is the thick fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bones and contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. The endosteum lines the medullary cavity; the perichondrium covers cartilage; the medullary cavity is an internal space, not a membrane.

Question 23

The pelvic bone is an example of..?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The hip (pelvic) bone has a complex shape that does not fit into the long, short, flat, or sesamoid categories; it is classified as an irregular bone.

Question 24

What is the most common site of spinal injuries?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The thoracolumbar junction (around T12–L1) is a transition zone between the rigid thoracic spine and the mobile lumbar spine, concentrating mechanical stress and making it the most frequent site of spinal injury.

Question 25

Rickets is a disease of which body part?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Rickets is a disorder of bone mineralization caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to soft, weak bones.

Question 26

What is the strongest and longest bone in the body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the human body.

Question 27

Which bone forms the forehead?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The frontal bone forms the anterior cranium and forehead.

Question 28

Which protein primarily composes thick filaments?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Thick filaments in skeletal muscle are composed of myosin, while actin, tropomyosin, and troponin are components of the thin filament.

Question 29

Which bone protects the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The rib cage encases and protects the lungs (and the heart). The patella protects the knee, the cranium protects the brain, and the tibia is a lower leg bone.

Question 30

Two hip bones articulate with each other anteriorly at a point called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The left and right hip bones meet anteriorly at the fibrocartilaginous pubic symphysis; the sacroiliac joints are posterior, articulating with the sacrum, and the other options are bony landmarks rather than the interpubic joint.

Question 31

The best example of a ______ joint is the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is a classic saddle (sellar) synovial joint, allowing flexion–extension, abduction–adduction, and opposition—movements characteristic of a saddle joint.

Question 32

What is the small triangular bone called when the four vertebrae fuse together?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The coccyx (tailbone) is typically formed by the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae into a small triangular bone.

Question 33

The tibia is a bone found in the...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The tibia is the shin bone of the lower leg.

Question 34

The carpals of the wrist are examples of which type of bone?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The carpal bones are classified as short bones, providing stability with limited motion.

Question 35

Bones having air spaces are called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bones that contain air-filled cavities are called pneumatic bones (e.g., the frontal and sphenoid). The other listed types do not characteristically contain air spaces.

Question 36

Which of the following is not related to the muscles of the thorax?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Intercostal muscles are innervated by intercostal nerves (ventral rami of T1–T11), not the phrenic nerve, which supplies the diaphragm. Levatores costarum arise from the transverse processes of C7–T11, and the diaphragm inserts into the central tendon—both are correct statements.

Question 37

Joints that are capable only of side-to-side and back-and-forth movements, with only slight rotation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gliding (plane) joints permit nonaxial sliding movements—side-to-side and back-and-forth—with only slight rotation (e.g., intercarpal joints). Hinge joints allow flexion–extension only; pivot joints allow rotation; condyloid joints permit biaxial movement without rotation.

Question 38

Which of the following is a flexible connective tissue that is attached to bones at the joints?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue that covers the ends of bones at synovial joints, providing cushioning and reducing friction.

Question 39

Which body part has a condyloid joint?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The radiocarpal (wrist) joint is a condyloid/ellipsoid synovial joint allowing flexion-extension and abduction-adduction. The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint, the elbow is a hinge joint, and the proximal radioulnar joint is a pivot.

Question 40

A thick fibrous membrane covering the surface of a bone. It contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves. What is it called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The periosteum is a tough, fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone and containing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. The endosteum lines the medullary cavity; the perichondrium covers cartilage; the medullary cavity is a space, not a membrane.

Question 41

In a _______________ joint, an oval surface fits into a concave depression; these joints are said to be biaxial?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A condyloid (ellipsoid) joint has an oval condyle that fits into an elliptical cavity, allowing biaxial movement. The hinge and pivot are uniaxial; the saddle is biaxial but involves reciprocally concave–convex surfaces rather than an oval surface in a concave depression.

Question 42

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Blount's disease?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blount’s disease (tibia vara) causes pathologic bowing of the legs due to a medial proximal tibial growth disturbance, producing genu varum.

Question 43

What is compartment syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Compartment syndrome is defined as elevated pressure in a closed fascial compartment that compromises circulation and tissue perfusion, risking ischemia and necrosis. The other options describe hemorrhage, neuropathic atrophy, or sepsis.

Question 44

The symphysis pubis is an example of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pubic symphysis is a secondary cartilaginous joint (symphysis) consisting of fibrocartilage between the pubic bones.

Question 45

An ossification center is the point where ______ formation starts?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An ossification center is the site where bone tissue begins to form during development, initiating bone formation.

Question 46

How many bones are found in the human face?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An adult skull has 22 bones: eight cranial and fourteen facial. Therefore, the human face has fourteen bones.

Question 47

How many bones are there in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The standard number of bones in an adult human skeleton is 206.

Question 48

How many bones does the human cranium contain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cranium (neurocranium) has eight bones: the frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, and paired parietal and temporal bones.

Question 49

How many bones are in one human hand?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The hand has 27 bones — 14 phalanges forming the fingers, 5 metacarpals creating the palm, and 8 carpals comprising the wrist. This structure enables flexibility, dexterity, and fine motor function crucial for daily and clinical activities.

Question 50

The long, cylindrical main portion of the bone is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In long bones, the diaphysis is the long, cylindrical shaft that forms the main portion of the bone.

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