Question 1

The suicidal bags of the cell are?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes capable of breaking down cellular components, so rupture or release of these enzymes can lead to autolysis, hence the nickname “suicidal bags.” Ribosomes synthesize proteins, Golgi bodies modify and package proteins, and mitochondria primarily generate ATP and regulate apoptosis but are not termed “suicidal bags.” Therefore, lysosomes are the best answer.

Question 2

Blood is a?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blood is classified as a specialized connective tissue because it consists of cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) suspended in an extracellular matrix (plasma). It is mesenchymal in origin and functions in transport, defense, and hemostasis, consistent with connective tissue roles. Epithelial, muscle, and nerve tissues do not have a fluid extracellular matrix with freely suspended cells.

Question 3

Histology is study of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Histology is the microscopic study of tissues, meaning the organization of cells and extracellular matrix within organs. Among the choices, "Cell" is the closest correct concept because tissues are composed of cells arranged in specific patterns. "Cancer" is studied in pathology/oncology, "Muscle" is only one tissue type, and "Nervous & There Structure" refers specifically to neuroanatomy rather than the general discipline of histology.

Question 4

Smooth muscles are found in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Smooth muscle is involuntary, nonstriated muscle found in the walls of hollow organs where it produces slow, sustained contractions (e.g., peristalsis). The stomach wall contains smooth muscle layers that mix and propel gastric contents. The heart is primarily cardiac muscle, and the muscles of the arms and legs are mainly skeletal (striated, voluntary) muscle. Therefore, the best answer is the stomach.

Question 5

Which of the following is the shape of nerve cells?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Neurons have irregular (indefinite) shapes due to their cell body and multiple processes (dendrites and a single axon) extending in various directions. This morphology allows them to receive, integrate, and transmit nerve impulses. In contrast, disc-shaped describes red blood cells, and rectangular is typical of some epithelial cells. "Whip-like" is not a standard histologic description for nerve cells as a whole.

Question 6

The tendons and ligaments composed of ___?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tendons and ligaments are primarily composed of dense regular connective tissue, characterized by tightly packed, parallel collagen fibers that provide high tensile strength. Tendons connect muscle to bone, and ligaments connect bone to bone, both requiring resistance to stretching forces. Liquid connective tissue refers to blood/lymph, muscular tissue is contractile, and epithelial tissue covers/lines surfaces rather than forming strong bands.

Question 7

Which connective tissue stores fat?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Adipose tissue is a specialized connective tissue composed mainly of adipocytes that store triglycerides as an energy reserve. It also provides insulation and cushioning/protection for organs. Areolar tissue is a loose connective tissue that primarily supports and binds other tissues and holds interstitial fluid rather than serving as the main fat-storage tissue.

Question 8

"Waste Cleaner" of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lysosomes contain acid hydrolase enzymes that digest cellular waste, damaged organelles, and ingested pathogens, functioning as the cell’s primary degradation and recycling center. Through autophagy and heterophagy, they help maintain cellular homeostasis by clearing debris. The Golgi apparatus mainly modifies and packages proteins, the endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins/lipids, and vacuoles primarily store materials rather than enzymatically digest most cellular waste in animal cells.

Question 9

The epithelium lining the fallopian tube is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The fallopian (uterine) tube is lined by simple columnar epithelium with prominent ciliated cells. Ciliary beating helps propel the ovum/zygote toward the uterus, while secretory (peg) cells provide nutritive tubal fluid. The other listed epithelia are typical of different sites (e.g., stratified squamous for protective surfaces, transitional for urinary tract).

Question 10

......... found in cartilage consist of a core protein to which the linear carbohydrates chain are covalently attached?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cartilage extracellular matrix is rich in proteoglycans, which have a core protein with covalently attached glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. This structure is responsible for cartilage’s high water-binding capacity and resistance to compression (e.g., aggrecan). Glycoproteins are generally proteins with shorter, branched oligosaccharides rather than long linear GAG chains. Hyaluronic acid is a GAG but is not covalently attached to a core protein, and link protein stabilizes aggregates rather than being the core-protein-plus-GAG structure itself.

Question 11

Which of the following cells of the body are in almost constant mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cells with high turnover are those in tissues exposed to constant wear and requiring continuous replacement, especially epithelial linings. The gastric mucosa (stomach lining) continually renews via active mitosis in stem cells within gastric glands to maintain the protective barrier against acid and mechanical stress. In contrast, neurons and muscle cells are largely permanent (post-mitotic), and renal cells generally have limited mitotic activity except after injury.

Question 12

The hardest connective tissue is ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bone is the hardest connective tissue because its extracellular matrix is heavily mineralized with calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite), giving it high rigidity and compressive strength. Cartilage is firm but lacks mineralization and is therefore less hard. Ligaments are dense regular connective tissue rich in collagen for tensile strength, not hardness. Adipose tissue is specialized for energy storage and cushioning, not structural hardness.

Question 13

Cartilage living cell that are calked __?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The living cells embedded in a calcified matrix are osteocytes, which are mature bone cells residing in lacunae and responsible for maintaining bone tissue. Osteoblasts build new bone matrix but are not the primary embedded mature cells. Osteoclasts resorb bone and are large multinucleated cells on bone surfaces. Chondrichthyes refers to cartilaginous fish, not a cartilage cell type (cartilage cells are chondrocytes).

Question 14

Which type of epithelium is efficient in generating new cells to replace dead cells damaged by mechanical friction?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Stratified epithelium consists of multiple cell layers, allowing frequent replacement of superficial cells that are lost due to abrasion and mechanical friction. Basal cells continually proliferate and migrate upward to maintain the protective surface (e.g., skin and oral cavity). In contrast, simple squamous and simple columnar epithelia are typically specialized for diffusion/absorption and are less suited to withstand constant friction. Transitional epithelium is specialized for stretching in the urinary tract rather than primary protection from abrasion.

Question 15

The membrane around the vacuole is known as ...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The vacuole membrane in plant cells is specifically called the tonoplast. It is a specialized membrane that regulates transport of ions, metabolites, and water between the vacuole and the cytoplasm, helping maintain turgor pressure and cellular homeostasis. The other options refer to different plastids/structures (elaioplast for lipid storage, amyloplast for starch storage) or are not the correct term for the vacuolar membrane.

Question 16

Which tissue lines body surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Epithelial tissue forms coverings and linings of body surfaces, including the epidermis and the linings of hollow organs and body cavities. Its cells are tightly packed and arranged in sheets, creating a protective barrier and allowing functions such as absorption and secretion. In contrast, connective tissue supports and binds structures, muscle tissue produces movement, and nervous tissue conducts electrical impulses.

Question 17

Kupffer cells are found in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Kupffer cells are resident macrophages located in the liver, lining the hepatic sinusoids. They are part of the reticuloendothelial (mononuclear phagocyte) system and help clear bacteria, debris, and old cells from portal blood. Kidney, pancreas, and stomach have their own immune cells but do not contain Kupffer cells as a named sinusoidal macrophage population.

Question 18

Cytoplasm refers to ...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cytoplasm is the portion of the cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. It includes the cytosol plus organelles (e.g., mitochondria, ER, Golgi) but excludes the nucleus. Therefore, the best definition among the options is the contents of the cell excluding the nucleus.

Question 19

Human bone cells contain ____% of water?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bone (osseous) tissue is relatively low in water compared with most soft tissues because a large portion of its mass is mineralized matrix (hydroxyapatite) and collagen. In standard histology descriptions, bone contains roughly about one-quarter water and the remainder is organic matrix and inorganic salts. Among the provided options, 40% is the closest reasonable value to represent bone’s relatively low water content; 85% and 90% are characteristic of very water-rich tissues, not bone.

Question 20

The most abundant tissue in human body is-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue type in the human body. It includes diverse components such as bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, blood, and areolar connective tissue, which collectively make up a large proportion of body mass and provide structural support and binding. In contrast, epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities but represents a smaller fraction of total body volume. Muscle and nervous tissues are specialized and less widely distributed by volume than connective tissue.

Question 21

The compact bone tissue contains cylinders of calcified bone known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  Osteons Osteons (Haversian systems) are the cylindrical structural units of compact bone composed of concentric lamellae surrounding a central (Haversian) canal. Lamellae are the concentric layers themselves, not the entire cylinder. Lacunae are small spaces that house osteocytes, and Volkmann (spelled here as “Valkmann”) refers to perforating canals connecting Haversian canals rather than the calcified cylinders.

Question 22

Nissl's granules are made of ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: ER and Ribosomes Nissl substance (Nissl granules) in neurons corresponds to rough endoplasmic reticulum with attached ribosomes (and free polyribosomes), reflecting high protein synthesis for neurotransmitters and structural proteins. The Golgi apparatus is not the defining component of Nissl bodies. Mitochondria may be nearby but are not what Nissl staining highlights. Therefore the best match is ER and ribosomes.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a cell organelle?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Nucleus The nucleus is typically considered a major cellular compartment (a membrane-bound structure that houses genetic material) rather than an organelle in many basic classifications, whereas the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes are classic cytoplasmic organelles. Golgi modifies and packages proteins/lipids, ER synthesizes proteins/lipids, and lysosomes perform intracellular digestion. Therefore, among the listed options, nucleus is the best choice for “not a cell organelle” as framed in many exam contexts.

Question 24

Guard cells are part of which tissue?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Epidermal Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells that flank the stomatal pore and regulate its opening and closing. They occur in the epidermis of leaves and young stems as part of the protective tissue system. Collenchyma and sclerenchyma are mainly supportive tissues, and xylem is a vascular conducting tissue, so they do not form stomata.

Question 25

The fastest healing tissue in the human body is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Oral mucosa Oral mucosa typically heals faster than skin, muscle, or bone because it has a rich blood supply, high epithelial cell turnover, and a moist environment that supports re-epithelialization. Saliva contains growth factors and antimicrobial components that further promote rapid wound healing. In contrast, bone remodeling and muscle regeneration are slower, and skin healing is generally slower than intraoral healing due to differences in vascularity and tissue environment.

Question 26

What is the approximate diameter of a nuclear pore?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Nuclear pore complexes have an effective central channel size around 9–10 nm for passive diffusion of small molecules, while larger macromolecules require active transport via nuclear transport receptors. Values like 1 nm and 5 nm are too small to represent the functional pore channel, and 20 nm is closer to larger structural dimensions sometimes cited for the overall complex rather than the diffusion channel. Therefore, the best approximate diameter among the options is 9 nm.

Question 27

Which type of epithelium lines the alveoli of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Alveoli are specialized for rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar-capillary membrane. A single thin layer of flat cells (type I pneumocytes) minimizes diffusion distance and optimizes gas exchange efficiency. Thicker or multilayered epithelia would impede diffusion, while pseudostratified columnar epithelium is typical of larger conducting airways rather than the respiratory portion.

Question 28

The epithelium of a dentigerous cyst is: ________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Dentigerous cysts are developmental odontogenic cysts whose epithelial lining typically resembles reduced enamel epithelium. This lining is characteristically very thin and non-keratinized, usually only a few layers, and in many descriptions is 2–4 cells thick but can appear extremely thin. Among the given choices, the thinnest lining best matches the classic histologic description of a dentigerous cyst.

Question 29

Mucous membrane of vagina is lined by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The vaginal mucosa must withstand friction while remaining moist, so it is lined by a multilayered squamous epithelium without a keratin layer. Keratinization is typical of dry, abrasion-exposed skin surfaces, not the vaginal canal. Columnar epithelium characterizes endocervix and parts of the uterus, while cuboidal epithelium is typical of ducts and some glandular/renal tubules rather than vagina.

Question 30

Study of cell is called ...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cytology specifically refers to the study of cells, including their structure, function, and abnormalities at the cellular level. Histology instead focuses on tissues (groups of cells organized to perform functions). Pathology is the study of disease processes broadly, often incorporating both cellular and tissue changes but not limited to cells. “Cell biology” is a broader term, but the standard single-term name for the study of cells is cytology.

Question 31

Among the following cuboidal epithelium is seen in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Thyroid follicles are lined by simple cuboidal epithelium (which can appear more columnar when highly active), specialized for secretion and absorption involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. In contrast, skin is stratified squamous keratinized epithelium, the trachea is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, and the oesophagus is stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. Therefore, the thyroid gland is the classic site among the options for cuboidal epithelium.

Question 32

Large number of elastic fibres are present in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ligamentum nuchae is a specialized elastic ligament designed to provide stretch and recoil, so it contains abundant elastic fibers. In contrast, tendons and aponeuroses are composed predominantly of dense regular collagenous connective tissue with minimal elastin to maximize tensile strength. Basement membrane is mainly a thin extracellular matrix layer rich in type IV collagen and laminin rather than elastic fibers.

Question 33

Which of the following is not true about fixed macrophage(histiocytes)? It?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fixed tissue macrophages (histiocytes) are rich in lysosomes for intracellular digestion and are professional phagocytes as part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. They can take up certain vital dyes/particulates due to their endocytic and phagocytic activity. Their cytoplasm is typically abundant and more eosinophilic/foamy from phagolysosomes rather than characteristically basophilic, which is more associated with cells rich in ribosomes/RER (e.g., plasma cells).

Question 34

The fat cell of multilocular adipose tissue (brown fat) is characterised by the presence of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Brown adipocytes are multilocular, meaning they contain multiple small lipid droplets rather than one large droplet. Their nucleus is typically round and more centrally located, and the cells have abundant mitochondria for thermogenesis. In contrast, white adipocytes are unilocular with a single large lipid droplet that pushes the nucleus to the periphery and leaves only a thin rim of cytoplasm.

Question 35

Alkaline phophatese activity can be demonstrated in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that synthesize osteoid and promote its mineralization. They characteristically show high alkaline phosphatase activity, which supports mineral deposition by increasing local phosphate availability and reducing pyrophosphate inhibition. In contrast, osteoclasts are tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive and are primarily involved in bone resorption. Osteocytes and osteoprogenitor cells typically have less prominent alkaline phosphatase activity than active osteoblasts.

Question 36

Spongy bone can be identified histologically by the presence of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Spongy (cancellous) bone is organized as a lattice of trabeculae with intervening spaces that contain bone marrow, rather than osteons. Compact bone is characterized by Haversian systems (osteons) with central Haversian canals and concentric lamellae, plus Volkmann canals connecting them. Interstitial lamellae are remnants of old osteons within compact bone, not a defining feature of spongy bone. Therefore the presence of trabeculae with marrow spaces best identifies spongy bone histologically.

Question 37

Osteocytes can be identified by the presence of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Osteocytes are mature bone cells that reside within small spaces in the mineralized matrix called lacunae, with canaliculi extending from them for nutrient and signaling exchange. This lacunar location is a key histologic feature that distinguishes them from osteoblasts, which line bone surfaces, and osteoclasts, which are large multinucleated resorptive cells. Lysosomes are not unique identifiers for osteocytes, and “ingested particles” is characteristic of phagocytic cells rather than bone matrix–embedded cells.

Question 38

Describe the role of connective tissue in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Connective tissue’s core functions include binding, supporting, and connecting other tissues, and providing a structural framework (e.g., fascia, tendons, ligaments, stroma). Unlike nervous tissue, it does not specialize in conducting impulses. Protective surface barriers are primarily the role of epithelial tissue, and contraction for movement is a function of muscle tissue.

Question 39

What type of tissue is primarily responsible for supporting and structuring the organs in the body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Connective tissue provides structural framework, binding, and support for organs through components like extracellular matrix, collagen, and various specialized forms (e.g., bone, cartilage, adipose, blood). It helps maintain organ shape and integrity and connects tissues to each other. In contrast, epithelial tissue mainly covers surfaces and forms glands, nervous tissue conducts impulses, and muscle tissue produces movement and force.

Question 40

.........is a protein involved in forming the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Actin specifically polymerizes into microfilaments that drive cell movement and support the cell cortex. Fibronectin is an extracellular matrix adhesion glycoprotein rather than an intracellular cytoskeletal filament. Fibrin functions in blood clot formation, and albumin is a plasma protein for oncotic pressure and transport, not cytoskeletal structure.

Question 41

Which type of epithelial tissue is composed of several layers of cells?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: “Stratified” specifically means two or more layers of epithelial cells stacked to provide protection from abrasion and mechanical/chemical stress. In contrast, “simple” epithelium is a single layer designed more for diffusion, absorption, or secretion. “Squamous” and “columnar” describe cell shape, not the number of layers, so they do not inherently indicate multiple layers.

Question 42

Which tissue forms the outermost covering of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This tissue type forms continuous sheets that line or cover body surfaces, making it the appropriate choice for the skin’s external covering. Connective tissue primarily makes up the dermis and provides strength, elasticity, and support rather than a surface barrier. Muscular and nervous tissues are present in the skin regionally (e.g., arrector pili muscles, sensory nerves) but do not constitute the outer covering layer.

Question 43

Pulp cavity of teeth is lined by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Odontoblasts form a continuous layer lining the pulp chamber and root canal, with their processes extending into dentinal tubules to deposit and maintain dentin. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells and do not line the tooth pulp cavity, while chondroblasts are cartilage-forming cells found in cartilage. Ameloblasts produce enamel and are associated with the enamel organ during tooth development, not the lining of the pulp space in erupted teeth.

Question 44

Bone is an example of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bone (osseous tissue) is a specialized connective tissue characterized by mineralized extracellular matrix with osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. While “a bone” (e.g., femur) can be considered an organ because it contains multiple tissues (osseous tissue, marrow, vessels, nerves), the item asks about “bone” in the general sense used in basic histology. Therefore, the best answer is the tissue level of organization.

Question 45

Young cell have ... cell wall: ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: With maturation, additional wall material and secondary cell wall deposition can occur, increasing thickness and rigidity. Therefore the best single choice is the one describing a thin wall. Options suggesting thicker walls better fit older, differentiated cells rather than young cells.

Question 46

Haversian canals are found in ...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: They contain blood vessels and nerves that supply and communicate with surrounding concentric lamellae and osteocytes via canaliculi. This arrangement supports nutrient delivery, waste removal, and structural strength in cortical bone. Brain, lungs, and kidney have distinct microanatomical units (neurons/glia, alveoli, nephrons) and do not form osteons with central canals.

Question 47

The biopsy test for “Biopsy Tissue” is prepared by ...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This concentration provides reliable fixation while limiting excessive hardening and artifact that can occur with more concentrated formalin. Very dilute solutions (e.g., 2% or 5%) may under-fix and allow degradation, compromising microscopic interpretation. Extremely high concentrations (e.g., 90%) are inappropriate for routine biopsy preservation and would cause significant fixation artifacts.

Question 48

Study of tissues is known as —?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This directly matches the stem asking for the term meaning “study of tissues.” Cytology is narrower and refers specifically to the study of individual cells, while physiology focuses on function rather than structure. Pathology is the study of disease processes and includes abnormal tissue changes, not the general study of tissues in health.

Question 49

The functional unit of the liver is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: explains why different regions have different vulnerabilities (e.g., centrilobular/zone 3 injury in hypoxia or certain toxins). A classic hepatic lobule is primarily a structural/anatomical unit centered on a central vein, not the best representation of function. The portal triad and sinusoids are key components of hepatic microanatomy but are not the overall unit used to describe integrated functional perfusion and metabolism.

Question 50

What is the study of the structure and function of tissues called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cytology is narrower and focuses on individual cells rather than tissue-level organization. Anatomy generally refers to body structures at the gross (macroscopic) level, while physiology focuses primarily on functional processes rather than microscopic tissue structure. Therefore, the best match for structure and function of tissues is histology.

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