Question 1

What is the watery fluid of a cell in which many organelles including the nucleus are found called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cytoplasm is the gel-like material of the cell in which organelles are suspended. Nucleoplasm is only inside the nucleus, cytosol is just the liquid portion of cytoplasm, and chromoplasts are plant pigments.

Question 2

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the uterine tubes?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The uterine (fallopian) tubes are lined by simple ciliated columnar epithelium; the cilia help move the oocyte toward the uterus. Among the choices, 'Ciliated' best identifies this epithelial type.

Question 3

Structure and motility of the cell is maintained by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Microtubules are a major component of the cytoskeleton, providing structural support and enabling cell motility (e.g., cilia and flagella).

Question 4

Which option represents the development of the structure of complexity in a human being?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Biological organization progresses from cells to tissues to organs to systems to the organism. Among the options, tissue is the earliest structural level indicating the development of complexity.

Question 5

Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ribosomes translate mRNA into polypeptide chains. Mitochondria produce ATP, the Golgi modifies and packages proteins, and lysosomes digest cellular waste.

Question 6

Where are peg cells present?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Peg cells are non-ciliated secretory cells of the uterine tube and are most abundant in the ampulla, providing nutritive secretions for the ovum; they are sparse in the isthmus.

Question 7

What type of cell is a peg cell that protects the ovum or sperm?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Peg cells are secretory epithelial cells of the uterine tube that secrete nutritive, protective fluid primarily for the ovum (and early zygote).

Question 8

What is the protein factory in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ribosomes are the cellular organelles that synthesize proteins; hence they are known as the protein factories of the cell.

Question 9

Blood is classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blood is a connective tissue composed of cells suspended in plasma, so it is classified as tissue rather than an organ or a single cell.

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mitochondria generate cellular ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, serving as the cell’s primary energy producers.

Question 11

What type of epithelium lines the fallopian tube?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The uterine (fallopian) tube is lined by simple columnar ciliated epithelium with cilia that help move the ovum toward the uterus.

Question 12

The power house of the cell is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, hence called the cell’s power house.

Question 13

What is the secretion of a goblet cell known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Goblet cells are unicellular mucous-secreting epithelial cells; their product is mucus, not hormones, enzymes, or digestive juices.

Question 14

In which body structure is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is a durable, protective tissue found on surfaces requiring resistance to friction and dehydration, including the epidermis and associated structures such as hair follicles. Hair shaft formation depends on keratinized epithelial cells.

Question 15

Suicide Bags are also called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lysosomes contain numerous hydrolytic enzymes that digest cellular debris and can trigger autolysis if they rupture, hence the nickname 'suicide bags.' They are key organelles for intracellular digestion and autophagy. Golgi bodies process and package proteins, ribosomes synthesize proteins, and chromoplasts are plant plastids for pigment storage, none of which mediate cellular self-digestion.

Question 16

Observation in an interphase nucleus under the light microscope

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In interphase, chromatin is dispersed, with dense clumps of heterochromatin that stain darkly and are visible by light microscopy. Individual chromosomes and centromeres are not distinguishable until mitosis. Nucleosomes are submicroscopic (≈11 nm) and require electron microscopy. Therefore, the observable structure is heterochromatin.

Question 17

Blood is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blood is a specialized connective tissue composed of formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) suspended in a fluid extracellular matrix (plasma). It functions as a unit to transport gases, nutrients, wastes, and signaling molecules, fulfilling the definition of tissue rather than a single cell. It is not an organ because it lacks organized parenchyma and stroma forming a discrete structure.

Question 18

An example for fibrocartilage is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fibrocartilage is rich in type I collagen, providing high tensile strength and resistance to compression and shear. Classic locations include the intervertebral discs (especially the annulus fibrosus), pubic symphysis, and menisci. Costal cartilage is hyaline cartilage, while the pinna of the ear and the epiglottis are elastic cartilage. Therefore, the intervertebral disc is the correct example of fibrocartilage.

Question 19

Wright stain is a...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Wright stain is a Romanowsky-type neutral stain composed of both an acidic dye (eosin Y) and a basic dye (methylene blue/azure). The mixture forms neutral complexes that differentially color cellular components, staining acidic elements like cytoplasm with eosin and basophilic structures like nuclei with methylene blue. It is widely used for peripheral blood and bone marrow smears to distinguish leukocyte types and other formed elements.

Question 20

Blood is a?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blood is classified as a connective tissue because it consists of cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) suspended in an extracellular matrix, the plasma. Like other connective tissues, it is derived from mesenchyme and functions in transport, protection, and regulation. The presence of abundant matrix relative to cells is a defining histologic feature of connective tissues.

Question 21

The epithelial membrane that surrounds the heart and lungs separately is called a .......... membrane.?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pericardium around the heart and the pleura around the lungs are serous membranes. Serous membranes are epithelial-lined membranes that line closed body cavities and secrete serous fluid to reduce friction. Meninges cover the brain and spinal cord, cutaneous membrane is the skin, and synovial membranes line joint cavities.

Question 22

The longest cell in human body is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Neurons can extend a single axon from the spinal cord to the foot, making some motor neurons nearly 1 meter long, the longest single cells in the body. Skeletal muscle fibres can be long (up to tens of centimeters) but are generally shorter than the longest neurons. Bone cells such as osteocytes are comparatively small. Therefore, neuron is the best answer.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is mis-matching?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The plasma membrane forms the cellular boundary, and the nucleus functions as the cell’s control center. The cytoplasm is the site of many biosynthetic reactions and can be likened to an assembly area. However, “storage area” describes vacuoles/vesicles, not cell control; control of cellular activities is mediated by the nucleus. Therefore, the pair “Cell controls – Storage area” is mismatched.

Question 24

The epithelial tissue found lining the urinary bladder is -?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The urinary bladder is lined by transitional epithelium (urothelium), a stratified epithelium specialized to stretch and recoil as the bladder fills and empties. Its dome-shaped umbrella cells protect underlying tissues from the hypertonic and potentially toxic effects of urine. Squamous, columnar, and ciliated epithelia do not provide this distensibility and barrier function characteristic of the bladder lining.

Question 25

Which of the following plant shows multi-epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Nerium (oleander) leaves are xeromorphic and characteristically possess a multiseriate epidermis, which helps reduce water loss. The epidermis may be two or more layers thick with thick cuticle and sunken stomata. Croton, Allium, and Cucurbita typically have a single-layered epidermis in their leaves.

Question 26

Kupffer cells are present in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Kupffer cells are the resident macrophages of the liver, lining the hepatic sinusoids. They are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system and clear bacteria, debris, and endotoxin from portal blood. In contrast, analogous cells in bone are osteoclasts, in brain are microglia, and in lung are alveolar macrophages.

Question 27

Engine of cell ??

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mitochondria generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, supplying the cell’s energy and thus are considered its engine or powerhouse. Ribosomes primarily synthesize proteins. The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins and lipids. Lysosomes are involved in intracellular digestion, not energy production.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bone, cartilage, and blood are recognized types of connective tissue, characterized by cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. Muscle tissue, however, is a distinct primary tissue type specialized for contraction and movement. It does not function primarily in support or matrix production like connective tissues. Therefore, muscles are not a connective tissue.

Question 29

In which of the following type of cells the Gap junctions are absent?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Gap junctions (connexin-based channels) enable intercellular electrical and metabolic coupling, prominent in cardiac muscle and among many neural and glial cells. Oocytes also maintain gap junctions with surrounding granulosa cells. Sperm are solitary, motile gametes that do not form stable intercellular junctions with other sperm, so gap junctions are absent. Therefore, sperm cells are the best answer.

Question 30

The epithelial tissue which is found in uterine tubes is-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The uterine (fallopian) tubes are lined by simple ciliated columnar epithelium. The cilia beat toward the uterus, helping transport the oocyte or zygote. Secretory peg cells are also present, but the defining feature is the ciliation. Among the given options, 'Ciliated' best identifies this epithelial type.

Question 31

The cell contents excluding the nucleus is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cytoplasm refers to all cellular material outside the nucleus, including cytosol and organelles. Cytosol is only the fluid portion and excludes membrane-bound organelles. Chromosomes and chromatin are nuclear contents. Therefore, the best answer is cytoplasm.

Question 32

Histology is the study of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Histology is the microscopic study of tissues, examining how cells are organized into tissue types and their structure-function relationships. Cytology refers to the study of individual cells, while organology concerns whole organs. Osteology specifically studies bones, a subset of anatomy rather than histology. Therefore, the correct choice is tissues.

Question 33

The study of tissue?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Histology is the branch of biology that studies tissues and their microscopic structure. Cytology focuses on individual cells, not tissues. Zoology is the study of animals as whole organisms. Therefore, the study of tissues is histology.

Question 34

The power house of a cell is-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mitochondria generate most of the cell’s ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, providing the energy required for cellular processes, hence termed the cell’s powerhouse. Ribosomes are sites of protein synthesis, not primary energy production. Lysosomes are responsible for intracellular digestion. Granules generally store substances and do not produce ATP.

Question 35

The study of tissues is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Histology is the branch of biology that studies tissues and their microscopic structure. Cytology focuses on individual cells, anatomy studies the macroscopic structure of the body and organs, and embryology deals with development from conception to birth. Therefore, the correct term for the study of tissues is histology.

Question 36

The most abundant tissue in the human body is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue type in the body. It includes diverse forms such as bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, blood, and tendons, which collectively occupy a large proportion of body mass and provide support, protection, and transport. Epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissues are extensive but not as widespread in variety and volume as connective tissues.

Question 37

Which fixative is commonly used in histopathology?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Neutral buffered formalin (10% formalin) is the standard routine fixative in histopathology because it cross-links proteins, preserves tissue architecture, and is compatible with paraffin processing and H&E staining. Ethanol and acetone are coagulative fixatives used more for cytology or frozen sections and can cause tissue shrinkage. Osmium tetroxide is mainly used as a secondary fixative in electron microscopy for lipid preservation, not for routine histology.

Question 38

Blood is classified as which type of tissue?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blood is a specialized connective tissue with a liquid extracellular matrix (plasma) containing proteins and dissolved substances. Its formed elements—erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets—are suspended in this matrix, fitting the connective tissue definition of cells embedded within an extracellular matrix. Developmentally, blood arises from mesenchyme like other connective tissues. Its roles in transport, defense, and hemostasis further distinguish it from epithelial, muscle, or nervous tissues.

Question 39

Lysosomes are abundantly found in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion. Phagocytic white blood cells such as neutrophils and macrophages ingest microbes and debris, requiring numerous lysosomes to fuse with phagosomes and degrade contents. Neurons and muscle cells are not primarily phagocytic and have comparatively fewer lysosomes. Therefore, lysosomes are abundant in phagocytic WBCs.

Question 40

Chromosome are Presents in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are DNA–protein complexes localized within the nucleus, where genetic material is organized as chromatin and condenses during cell division. The cytoplasm contains organelles but not nuclear chromosomes. Lysosomes are digestive organelles, and the Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins; neither houses chromosomes. Therefore, the correct location is the nucleus.

Question 41

Which part of liver stores Vitamin A?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A is stored in the liver primarily in hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells) located in the space of Disse, where it is kept as retinyl esters within lipid droplets. Hepatocytes perform many metabolic and synthetic functions but are not the principal storage site for vitamin A. Kupffer cells are liver macrophages for phagocytosis and immune surveillance, and sinusoidal endothelial cells line the sinusoids; neither is specialized for vitamin A storage.

Question 42

When did the fluid mosaic model proposed?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson in 1972. describes a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded and able to move laterally, explaining membrane flexibility and function. The other years listed do not correspond to the original proposal date of this foundational membrane model.

Question 43

Study of Tissue is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Histology is the branch of biology/medicine that studies tissues, typically by examining their microscopic structure and organization. Neurology focuses on the nervous system, hepatology on the liver, and cardiology on the heart. Therefore, the correct term for the study of tissues is histology.

Question 44

Resistance to tension is the main function of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Type I collagen is the predominant collagen in tissues designed to withstand tensile (pulling) forces, such as tendons, ligaments, bone, and dermis. Its thick, densely packed fibers provide high tensile strength. By contrast, type II collagen is mainly for cartilage (compression resistance), type III is reticular/supportive in extensible organs and early wound healing, and type VII forms anchoring fibrils at the dermal-epidermal junction.

Question 45

Microtubules Consist of helically stacked molecules of the protein Called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Microtubules are cytoskeletal structures built from α- and β-tubulin heterodimers that polymerize into protofilaments and assemble into a hollow tube. These tubulin subunits are arranged in a helical lattice, giving microtubules their characteristic structure and polarity. Actin forms microfilaments, keratin forms intermediate filaments, and myosin is a motor protein that interacts with actin rather than forming microtubules.

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