Question 1

At what age does a child typically sit with support?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Infants typically sit with support around 4–6 months; sitting independently is expected later (about 8 months).

Question 2

By what percentage does height increase in the first year?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Normal infant growth: body length increases by about 50% by 12 months (e.g., from ~50 cm at birth to ~75 cm).

Question 3

Failure to thrive is defined as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Failure to thrive reflects inadequate growth that can lead to delayed developmental milestones. Among the choices, inability to sit indicates a delay consistent with failure to thrive, whereas adequate weight gain would not indicate FTT.

Question 4

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), what is the defined age range for adolescents?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: WHO defines adolescents as individuals aged 10–19 years.

Question 5

The mother of a 1-year-old wants to know when she should begin toilet-training her child. The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that sufficient sphincter control for toilet training is present by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Voluntary urethral and anal sphincter control typically develops around 18–24 months, marking physiologic readiness for toilet training.

Question 6

A child with Down syndrome has a developmental age of 4 years. According to the Denver Developmental Assessment, the 4-year-old should be able to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At 4 years, a child typically can state first and last name. Drawing a 6-part person and dressing without supervision are 5-year milestones; defining a list of words is for older children.

Question 7

Which of the following combinations of foods is appropriate for a 6-month-old?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At about 6 months, appropriate complementary foods include iron-fortified rice cereal and pureed fruits and vegetables. Citrus juice, crackers, pudding (cow’s milk), and eggs are not recommended for a 6‑month‑old due to allergy, choking, or GI concerns.

Question 8

Which of the following characterizes peer group relationships in 8- and 9-year-olds?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: School-age children around 8–9 years typically form strong, loyal, same-sex peer groups; cross-sex informal socialization occurs later, and one-best-friend or purely competitive-game focus is less characteristic of peer-group relationships at this age.

Question 9

If the school-age child is not given the opportunity to engage in tasks and activities he can carry through to completion, he is likely to develop feelings of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In Erikson’s school-age stage (industry vs. inferiority), lack of opportunities to complete tasks and achieve competence leads to feelings of inferiority.

Question 10

The nurse observes a group of toddlers at daycare. Which of the following play situations exhibits the characteristics of parallel play?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Parallel play is typical of toddlers; they play alongside peers without interacting directly. Playing beside each other with trucks best exemplifies this.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true regarding language development of young children?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Newborns show preference for human speech and can discriminate speech sounds from other auditory patterns. Girls typically progress faster in language, first-borns often speak earlier than later-borns, and using single-word holophrases is normal early language, not necessarily delayed.

Question 12

A mother tells the nurse that her daughter has become quite a collector, filling her room with Beanie babies, dolls, and stuffed animals. The nurse recognizes that the child is developing?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Collecting and organizing items reflects classification and categorization skills, hallmark features of Piaget’s concrete operational stage (school-age). Other options correspond to sensorimotor (object permanence), preoperational (symbolic/egocentric), and Kohlberg’s post-conventional morality.

Question 13

According to Erikson, the developmental task of the infant is to establish trust. Parents and caregivers foster a sense of trust by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Erikson’s trust vs. mistrust stage emphasizes consistent, reliable caregiving. Promptly and consistently meeting the infant’s needs builds trust more directly than isolated soothing actions.

Question 14

Which one of the following infants needs a further assessment of growth?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: By about 6 months, infants should have doubled their birth weight. From 8 lb 8 oz, the expected weight is ~17 lb; 15 lb is below this, warranting further assessment. The other weights are within normal expectations.

Question 15

The mother of a 2-year-old asks the nurse when she should schedule her son's first dental visit. The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that most children have all their deciduous teeth by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Primary dentition (20 teeth) typically erupts from about 6 to 30 months; most children have all deciduous teeth by around 30 months (2.5 years).

Question 16

An infant who weighs 8 pounds at birth would be expected to weigh how many pounds at 1 year?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Birth weight typically triples by 12 months; 8 lb × 3 = 24 lb.

Question 17

A 6-month-old client is placed on strict bed rest following a hernia repair. Which toy is best suited to the client?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At 6 months, infants benefit from visual/motion sensory stimulation and play is solitary; a colorful crib mobile is appropriate while on bed rest. The other options are for older children.

Question 18

At what stage should a child begin to show interest in imaginative play and role-playing?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pretend/imaginative play typically emerges in early preschool around age 3, with more elaborate role-play by 4–5 years. The earliest stage listed is 3 years.

Question 19

Which toy should the nurse recommend to support physical development and coordination for a 5-year-old child who enjoys active play?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A tricycle promotes gross motor skills, balance, and coordination appropriate for a 5-year-old who enjoys active play.

Question 20

What is the first sign of sexual maturity in boys?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The earliest sign of male puberty is testicular enlargement (Tanner stage G2), which precedes axillary/facial hair and the growth spurt.

Question 21

A newborn weighed 7 pounds at birth. At 6 months of age, the infant could be expected to weigh?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Infant weight typically doubles by 4–6 months; a 7‑lb newborn would weigh about 14 lb at 6 months.

Question 22

Which play activity is best suited to the gross motor skills of the toddler?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A ball promotes toddler gross motor skills such as running, throwing, and kicking. Coloring and building cubes are fine motor; a swing set is less developmentally appropriate/safer for independent toddler play.

Question 23

Which of the following statements describes Piaget's stage of concrete operations?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Concrete operational children (about 7–11 years) think logically about concrete events and display coherent, organized thought. A describes sensorimotor; D describes formal operations; B may occur but the hallmark is logical, coherent thought.

Question 24

Which of the following statements reflects Kohlberg’s theory of the moral development of the preschool-age child?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Preschoolers are at Kohlberg’s preconventional level where moral judgments are based on consequences—avoiding punishment and seeking rewards. The other options describe later conventional reasoning.

Question 25

Which developmental milestone puts the 4-month-old infant at greatest risk for injury?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At about 4 months infants begin to roll over, increasing fall risk from beds or changing tables. The other milestones occur later.

Question 26

The mother of a 6-month-old asks when her child will have all his baby teeth. The nurse knows that most children have all their primary teeth by age?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Primary dentition (20 deciduous teeth) is typically complete by about 30 months (2.5 years).

Question 27

At the 6-week check-up, the mother asks when she can expect the baby to sleep all night. The nurse should tell the mother that most infants begin to sleep all night by age?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Most infants consolidate sleep and can sleep through the night (about 6–8 hours) by 3–4 months; earlier ages are too soon, and 5–6 months is later than typical.

Question 28

What is the duration of the infant baby period in days?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The neonatal (newborn) period is defined as from birth through 28 days; the item uses 'infant baby' to refer to this stage.

Question 29

Tips for examining infants are except one?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Infant exams are best done with a parent present to reduce anxiety and provide comfort and information; performing the exam without parents is inappropriate. The other options are appropriate strategies for infant assessment.

Question 30

At what age do a baby's first teeth typically come out?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The first primary teeth (lower central incisors) commonly erupt around 6 months of age; typical range is about 6–10 months.

Question 31

At which age can a baby hold a small object between the index finger and thumb?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Holding a small object between the index finger and thumb is the pincer grasp, which typically develops around 9 months of age.

Question 32

A 6-year-old with cerebral palsy functions at the level of an 18-month-old. Which finding would support that assessment?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pulling a toy while walking is a typical gross-motor milestone for an 18-month-old. Dressing self, building an 8-block tower, and copying lines are skills expected at older ages.

Question 33

A infant weighs 7 pounds at birth. The expected weight by 1 year should be?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Birth weight typically triples by 12 months. 7 lb × 3 ≈ 21 lb.

Question 34

A 2-year-old toddler is admitted to the hospital. Which of the following nursing interventions would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Toddlers experience separation anxiety; encouraging parental rooming-in supports security and reduces stress. Other options increase anxiety or are non-therapeutic.

Question 35

While giving care to a two year-old client, the nurse should remember that the toddler's tendency to say "no" to almost everything is an indication of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Toddlers commonly exhibit negativism and say "no" as they develop autonomy. This reflects assertion of control, not rejection or stubbornness.

Question 36

A parent tells the nurse that their six year-old child who normally enjoys school, has not been doing well since his grandmother died two months ago. Which statement MOST accurately describes thoughts on death and dying at this age?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At about age 6, children often view death in magical and personified terms (e.g., a bogeyman). Irreversibility and personal mortality are better understood later; guilt attribution is more typical of preschoolers.

Question 37

The nurse is assessing the growth and development of a toddler with AIDS. The nurse would anticipate finding that the child is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Children with AIDS commonly have CNS involvement leading to global developmental delays and possible loss of milestones, not isolated delays.

Question 38

A nurse who is evaluating a mentally retarded two year-old in a clinic should stress the following goal when talking to the child's mother?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: For children with intellectual disability, the primary nursing goal is to promote optimal growth and development and maximize potential. Self-care tasks and independent toileting are secondary and may be unrealistic for a 2-year-old; long-term care decisions are not the priority.

Question 39

An infant weighed 7 pounds 8 ounces at birth. If growth occurs at a normal rate, the nurse would expect the six month-old to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: By about 6 months, infants typically double their birth weight; they usually triple it by 12 months.

Question 40

A mother brings her 26 month-old to the well-child clinic. She expresses frustration and anger due to her child's constantly saying "no" and his refusal to follow her directions. The nurse explains this is normal for his age, as negativism is attempting to meet which developmental need?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Toddlers (1–3 years) are in Erikson’s autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage. Saying "no" (negativism) reflects the drive for autonomy/independence, not trust (infancy) or initiative (preschool).

Question 41

While planning care for a two year-old hospitalized child, the nurse expects that behavior would be MOST affected by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Toddlers experience pronounced separation anxiety between about 6 and 30 months; during hospitalization, separation from parents is the greatest stressor and most affects behavior compared with unfamiliar environment, peers, or toys.

Question 42

A parent has numerous questions regarding normal growth and development of a 10 month-old infant. Which of the following parameters is of MOST concern to the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At 10 months, an infant’s weight should be approaching triple the birth weight; a 50% increase indicates inadequate growth and is concerning. The other findings are typical for this age.

Question 43

The nurse in a well-child clinic examines many children on a daily basis. Which of the following toddlers requires further follow up?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: By 30 months, a toddler should be able to drink from an open cup; reliance on a sippy cup suggests a delayed self-feeding/oral-motor milestone. The other options reflect behaviors within normal variation for those ages.

Question 44

The nurse is performing physical assessments on adolescents. The nurse would anticipate that females experience growth spurts?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Females typically enter puberty and reach peak height velocity earlier than males, with growth spurts occurring about two years sooner.

Question 45

A 16 month-old child has just been admitted to the hospital. As the nurse assigned to this child enters the hospital room for the first time, the toddler runs to the mother, clings to her and begins to cry. What would be the initial action by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A 16‑month‑old commonly shows stranger anxiety and separation fears; clinging to the parent and crying are expected developmental behaviors. The nurse should reassure rather than change assignments, use time-out, or label the child as needing extra attention.

Question 46

While explaining an illness to a ten year-old, the nurse should keep in mind that at this developmental stage a child will?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A 10-year-old is in Piaget's concrete operational stage and can think logically about concrete facts and organize information. Egocentrism and simple associations reflect earlier stages, and abstract reasoning develops in formal operations during adolescence.

Question 47

Which playroom activities should the nurse organize for a small group of seven year-old hospitalized children?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Seven-year-olds are school-age children who engage in cooperative play and enjoy activities with rules, promoting social skills and logical reasoning. Sports and rule-based games best fit this developmental stage.

Question 48

Assuming that all have achieved normal cognitive and emotional development, which of the following children is at greatest risk for accidental poisoning?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Preschoolers/toddlers are highly mobile and curious, engage in oral exploration, and lack hazard awareness—making 4-year-olds the highest risk for accidental poisoning among the options.

Question 49

Which of the following examples represents parallel play?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Parallel play is when children play side-by-side without interacting directly. Option B describes two children playing near each other with separate toys. A and C involve interaction/cooperative play, and D is solitary play.

Question 50

The nurse is ready to begin an exam on a 9-month-old infant. The child is sitting in his mother's lap. Which should the nurse do first?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: With infants, perform the least disturbing assessments first while the child is quiet; auscultate heart and lungs before manipulative steps like ear exam or abdominal palpation.

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