Question 1

Which of the following is the psychosocial development during the school-age period?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Erikson identifies school-age as the “Industry vs. Inferiority” stage, where children develop competence and productivity.

Question 2

Which term describes the play activity of the preschool-aged child?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Preschoolers typically engage in associative play—interacting and sharing materials without organized goals or rules. Parallel play is typical of toddlers; cooperative play with rules is common in school-age children; solitary play is characteristic of infants.

Question 3

The parents of a 7-year-old tell the nurse their child has started to "tattle" on siblings. In interpreting this new behavior to the mother, the nurse should explain the child acts this way because?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At about age seven, school-age children develop a strong sense of rules, fairness, and doing what is right; tattling reflects emerging moral judgment and a justice orientation.

Question 4

Moro's reflex disappears at?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Moro (startle) reflex is a primitive newborn reflex that typically integrates by about 5–6 months of age. Among the options, 6 months is the most accurate.

Question 5

During an initial interview at an outpatient clinic, a 34-year-old single mother tells the nurse that she has always had difficulty forming relationships and is worried that her 7-year-old daughter will have the same problem. Which of the following statements, if made by the nurse, is best?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: According to Erikson, the stage of trust versus mistrust occurs during infancy (birth to about 18 months). Establishing basic trust during this period supports later relationship formation; later stages (toddler, preschool, and school-age) focus on autonomy, initiative, and industry.

Question 6

At what age does the birth weight of the baby double?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Infants typically double their birth weight by about 5–6 months and triple it by 12 months. Therefore, 6 months is correct.

Question 7

The nurse is assessing an eight-month-old child. The nurse would anticipate that the child would be able to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At about 8 months, infants typically achieve the motor milestone of sitting without support. Saying two words emerges around 12 months, pulling to stand occurs around 9–10 months, and using a spoon occurs closer to 15–18 months.

Question 8

Which assessment is most important to gather for a two-year-old child with delayed motor development and frequent crying episodes?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Motor delay with frequent crying raises concern for neurologic or genetic conditions. Obtaining a family medical history is the highest priority assessment to identify hereditary disorders and guide further evaluation. Dietary intake, social dynamics, and travel are less directly linked to motor delay.

Question 9

The school nurse teaches a class on childcare at the local high school. During the class, one of the participants asks the nurse at what age it is best to start toilet training a child. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Physiological readiness for toilet training typically develops after 18 months; many children are ready between 18 and 24 months. Among the choices, 20 months best reflects the earliest appropriate age.

Question 10

A mother brings her child to the clinic complaining that the child seems to be teething. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find on the initial history and physical assessment?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Teething commonly presents with irritability or restlessness, drooling that can cause a localized rash, and gum discomfort. High fever, lethargy, diarrhea, and dehydration are not expected findings and suggest an illness rather than normal teething.

Question 11

While assessing the growth of children during their school-age years, the nurse would expect to see?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: School-age children typically gain about 2–3 kg (approximately 4.4–6.6 lb) and grow about 2 inches per year; thus a yearly weight gain of around 5.5 lb is expected. The other choices are inconsistent with normal school-age growth patterns.

Question 12

A fifteen-year-old client with a lengthy, confining illness is at risk for altered growth and development related to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Adolescents strive for independence; prolonged illness and the patient role increase dependency, which disrupts normal developmental tasks and can lead to rejection or uncooperativeness.

Question 13

How much does head circumference increase from birth to 3 months?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: During the first 3 months of life, head circumference increases rapidly at about 2 cm per month, then slows.

Question 14

What is the approximate age of puberty in females?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Female puberty typically begins in early adolescence, with menarche occurring around 12–13 years; 13 years is the best approximate age among the options.

Question 15

The onset of puberty before the age of 8 years in girls is called ________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Puberty occurring before the age of 8 in girls is defined as precocious puberty. Thelarche is breast development, menarche is the first menstruation, and delayed puberty is the opposite.

Question 16

When assigned to a pediatric ward, what is a characteristic sign of normal psychosocial development in a toddler?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Toddlers assert autonomy and commonly display negativism and temper tantrums. Initiative versus guilt, imaginary playmates, and marked sexual curiosity are typical of the preschool stage.

Question 17

A one-year-old child is admitted. Looking at the child's physical development, what may be affected or delayed?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At about 12 months, children begin to take independent steps; hospitalization can delay this gross-motor milestone. Sitting and crawling are typically achieved earlier, and running occurs later.

Question 18

What is the age range for preschool children?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Preschool age is classically defined as 3–5 years; 2–6 includes toddlers and early school-age.

Question 19

At what age does the Moro reflex typically disappear?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Moro (startle) reflex normally disappears around 4 months of age; persistence beyond this can indicate neurologic issues.

Question 20

Ossification of anterior fontanelles is completed at ............?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The anterior fontanel typically closes by 18 months of age (range ~9–18 months), making 18 months the best answer.

Question 21

The newborn baby is known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A newborn from birth to 28 days is termed a neonate; hence the best choice is 'Neonatal'. 'Infant' generally refers to 1 month to 1 year, while fetus and embryo are prenatal stages.

Question 22

A mother asks her two-year-old child, "Do you want to eat now?" The child responds, "No." Which of the following behavioural characteristics does the child exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Toddlers commonly assert autonomy by saying “No” to requests; this oppositional behavior is characteristic negativism. Other options do not describe this typical toddler response.

Question 23

Toilet training should be started for a baby at the age of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Toilet training typically begins in toddlerhood when voluntary sphincter control and readiness signs appear, around 18–24 months.

Question 24

A child draws a circle at?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Copying/drawing a circle is a fine motor developmental milestone typically achieved at about 3 years (36 months).

Question 25

Best indicator of growth monitoring in children?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Serial weight plotted on growth charts is the most sensitive and practical indicator for monitoring a child’s growth; MUAC and head circumference are limited to specific ages, and height changes too slowly for short-term monitoring.

Question 26

Appropriate time for toilet training in children?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Voluntary bowel and bladder control typically develops during the toddler years, around 18–36 months; earlier ages lack sphincter control. Thus 1–3 years is the appropriate period for toilet training.

Question 27

Who was the founder of psychosexual theory?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Freud proposed the psychosexual stages of development; Piaget is cognitive, Kohlberg is moral, and Erikson is psychosocial.

Question 28

Year-old sudeep has recurring nephrotic syndrome; which of the following areas of potential disturbances should be a prime consideration when planning ongoing nursing care?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At age 12, concerns with appearance are central. Nephrotic syndrome and steroid therapy cause edema and Cushingoid changes, making disturbed body image the primary psychosocial issue to address.

Question 29

A child can withhold and postpone his bowel movement at age of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Voluntary control of the anal sphincter and the ability to delay defecation typically develop by about 3 years of age.

Question 30

A nurse is assessing a newborn. Which reflex would the nurse expect to disappear first?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The rooting reflex typically disappears by about 3–4 months, earlier than the Moro (4–6 months), palmar grasp (5–6 months), and Babinski (up to 12–24 months).

Question 31

In pediatric health nursing, which of the following is a primary focus in caring for children?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pediatric nursing emphasizes health promotion and facilitating normal growth and development; the other options are important tasks but not the primary overarching focus.

Question 32

A 4-year-old child is in preschool. The teacher reports that the child cannot play with peers and prefers to be alone. What should the nurse suspect?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: By age 4, children typically engage in cooperative play. Persistent avoidance of peers and preference for being alone suggests deficits in social interaction characteristic of autism spectrum disorder.

Question 33

According to Erikson's stages, which stage is a 67-year-old client who has just retired from the only job he has ever had likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Erikson’s stage for older adulthood (65+) is ego integrity versus despair, often triggered by life review and retirement. The other stages correspond to adolescence (identity), young adulthood (intimacy), and middle adulthood (generativity).

Question 34

Which behavior indicates that an 18-month-old infant is developing a nonadaptive reaction to hospitalization?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ignoring the parent after separation indicates the detachment/denial phase of separation anxiety, a maladaptive response to hospitalization in toddlers. Crying when the mother leaves is an expected protest response; eating with fingers is age-appropriate; fear of the dark is more typical of preschoolers.

Question 35

Which action should the nurse recommend to provide a 12-month-old infant with nutrients for growth?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At 12 months, infants should transition to solid foods that provide iron and other nutrients. Offering meat and vegetables before milk prevents milk from satiating the child and promotes adequate intake of nutrient-dense foods. The other choices either restrict needed milk or use ineffective/undesirable feeding practices.

Question 36

Occurrence of the Oedipus complex is commonly seen in which age and gender group?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Oedipus complex is part of Freud’s phallic stage, typically occurring in boys around ages 3–6; the closest option is boys 3–5 years.

Question 37

What would the nurse expect to see while assessing the growth of children during their school age years?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: School-age children typically gain about 2–3 kg (4.4–6.6 lb) per year and grow ~2 inches per year. Muscle mass increases and body becomes leaner, not with decreased muscle mass, making option D the best match.

Question 38

At what age child weight is tripled?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Normal growth milestone: birth weight doubles by about 5–6 months and triples by 12 months (end of the first year).

Question 39

First teeth of baby comes out at the age of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The first primary teeth (usually lower central incisors) typically erupt around 6 months of age.

Question 40

Which behavior reported by the mother of a 6-month-old baby is concerning to the nurse during a routine well-baby check?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: By 4–6 months infants should laugh and squeal; absence at 6 months is a developmental red flag and may indicate delay or hearing issues. The other behaviors are expected for this age.

Question 41

What is the appropriate Babinski reflex response in a 3-month-old infant?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In infants up to about 12 months, a normal Babinski response is dorsiflexion of the great toe with fanning of the other toes.

Question 42

What is the name of the reflex observed when a 2-month-old infant is held upright with legs and feet touching a surface and appears to be walking?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The stepping reflex is seen when a young infant held upright with feet touching a surface makes alternating stepping motions, as if walking. Babinski involves toe fanning; Bauer crawling is prone-triggered; Push-to-Walk is not a standard neonatal reflex.

Question 43

Which group of mentally retarded children is referred to as 'educable'?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Children with mild intellectual disability (IQ 50–70) are often called "educable" because they can acquire academic and social skills up to approximately a 6th-grade level with proper support and structured education. They can generally live independently or semi-independently as adults.

Question 44

The nurse is caring for a client who is two years old; according to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which stage is the client in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Toddlers aged 1–3 years are in Erikson's Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage, fitting a two-year-old.

Question 45

Which factor does not directly affect the growth and development of a child?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Genetic factors (parental traits/phenotype), sex, and chromosomal abnormalities directly influence a child’s growth and development. The father’s occupation is not a direct biological determinant, though it may indirectly affect environment or socioeconomic status.

Question 46

Development of human being is influenced by which factors?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Human development is shaped by both genetic factors (heredity) and external conditions and experiences (environment). This choice captures the comprehensive nature–nurture determinants better than the partial alternatives.

Question 47

At what age can a child typically copy a circle?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Copying a circle is a fine-motor developmental milestone typically achieved around 3 years of age; younger children usually only imitate simpler strokes.

Question 48

At a routine clinic visit, parents express concern that their four year-old is wetting the bed several times a month. What is the nurse's BEST response?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At age 4, nighttime continence is developing and problems may indicate primary vs secondary enuresis or other causes. The priority is further assessment, beginning with duration, rather than reassurance or interventions. Hence, ask how long it has been occurring.

Question 49

When does the sucking reflex in an infant disappear and become voluntary?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The primitive sucking reflex integrates around 2 months of age, after which feeding becomes a voluntary action.

Question 50

What are appropriate toys for an 18-month-old infant to have for play while in isolation?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At 18 months (toddler), appropriate play involves simple manipulative toys like stacking rings, which are also easy to clean for isolation. Rattles are for younger infants; crayons/coloring books require more advanced fine-motor skills and are harder to disinfect; soap bubbles pose ingestion risk and are less suitable.

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