Question 1

Angina...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Angina is chest pain caused by temporary myocardial ischemia, meaning the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen. This ischemia is reversible and does not cause myocardial cell death, which distinguishes it from myocardial infarction.

Question 2

Where is the pulse typically felt?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pulse is felt over an artery, because arterial walls expand with each heartbeat as blood is ejected from the left ventricle. Veins do not generate palpable pulsations.

Question 3

What is hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hypertension is defined as persistently elevated blood pressure, typically above 130/80 mmHg, caused by increased vascular resistance or increased cardiac output. It places extra workload on the heart and blood vessels.

Question 4

Outer layer of heart is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The heart’s outer covering is the pericardium; myocardium is the middle muscular layer and endocardium is the inner lining.

Question 5

_____ Large arteries supply the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Arterial supply within the thorax comes from segments of the aorta located there: the ascending aorta (e.g., the coronary arteries) and the arch of the aorta (via its branches) both contribute to thoracic structures.

Question 6

Which pulse site is located on the neck?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The carotid artery runs along the sides of the neck; its pulse is palpated there. The radial is at the wrist, the temporal at the temple, and the brachial in the upper arm.

Question 7

Which of the following is not suggestive of acute myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An MI typically presents with severe central chest pain and may cause complete heart block or sudden death. Burning hypogastric pain suggests a gastrointestinal source, not an MI.

Question 8

What is pulse pressure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pulse pressure is defined as the numerical difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP − DBP), typically around 40 mmHg in healthy adults.

Question 9

What is the normal range for resting heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In healthy adults, the standard resting heart rate range is 60–100 bpm; values below it are bradycardic, and values above it are tachycardic. Option D is narrower than the accepted normal range.

Question 10

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The sinoatrial (SA) node has the highest rate of spontaneous depolarization (60–100 bpm) and initiates normal cardiac impulses, serving as the heart's primary pacemaker.

Question 11

Rope-like, bulging, or contorted veins may indicate ________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tortuous, bulging, rope-like superficial veins are characteristic of varicose veins caused by venous valve incompetence.

Question 12

Which maternal cardiac lesion is associated with a pregnancy-associated maternal mortality rate of 50% or more?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A markedly dilated aortic root in Marfan syndrome (≥5 cm) carries a very high risk of aortic dissection or rupture during pregnancy, with maternal mortality historically around 50% or higher. The other lesions have much lower pregnancy-associated mortality with modern care.

Question 13

Which is the largest artery?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The aorta is the body's largest artery; the jugulars are veins, the carotids are smaller arteries, and the thoracic aorta is only a segment of the aorta.

Question 14

In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur in private residences, with the majority occurring at home.

Question 15

The only artery that supplies deoxygenated blood?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs; systemic arteries, like the gastric, hepatic, and renal arteries, carry oxygenated blood.

Question 16

What does your heart pump?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the circulatory system.

Question 17

Most common cyanotic heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease; VSD is the most common overall, but is acyanotic. TAPVC and Ebstein anomaly are less common.

Question 18

The smallest arteries

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Arterioles are the smallest branches of the arterial system (typically

Question 19

The deep palmar arch is the direct continuation of which artery?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The deep palmar arch is primarily the continuation of the radial artery, completed by the deep branch of the ulnar artery.

Question 20

The anterior (sternocostal) surface is formed mainly by the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The sternocostal (anterior) surface of the heart is formed predominantly by the right ventricle, with minor contributions from the right atrium and the left ventricle.

Question 21

What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In pediatrics, cardiac arrest usually follows hypoxemia and poor perfusion; respiratory failure or shock are the leading precipitants, while primary cardiac causes are less common.

Question 22

How many chambers are there in the human heart?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The human heart has four chambers: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.

Question 23

Which nerve does the blood supply to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The carotid arteries deliver oxygenated blood to the brain. The other choices are nerves or non-specific terms; thus, the carotid arteries are the correct vascular supply.

Question 24

Tachycardia is a disorder of which organ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Tachycardia is an abnormally rapid heart rate, indicating a disorder of the heart.

Question 25

When does the heart receive blood from the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Coronary arteries fill primarily during diastole, when the aortic valve is closed and aortic pressure drives blood into the coronary ostia; systolic compression limits flow.

Question 26

What is the normal range for adult blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: 120/80 mmHg is the classic normal adult blood pressure. The other options represent normal ranges for different vital signs (temperature and respiratory rate) or a MAP-like value, not standard blood pressure.

Question 27

What is the normal blood pressure value for an adult?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Normal adult blood pressure is approximately 120/80 mmHg; the other options are hypertensive values.

Question 28

What is the normal pulse rate for a newborn?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A normal newborn heart rate is about 120–160 beats per minute; 140 beats per minute is the typical average.

Question 29

What is the average blood volume in an adult?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The average adult blood volume is about 70 mL/kg, which is approximately 4–6 liters (around 5 L in a 70-kg adult).

Question 30

What is the total amount of blood in the human body as a percentage of body weight?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Normal adult blood volume is approximately 70–80 mL/kg, corresponding to about 7–8% of body weight; the other options are too low or excessively high.

Question 31

What is the normal range for an adult's blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Normal adult blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg, with the lower end commonly accepted to be around 90/60 mmHg; thus 90/60 to 120/80 represents the normal range among the options.

Question 32

The major veins draining the head are?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The internal and external jugular veins are the primary venous drainage of the head and neck, emptying into the brachiocephalic veins. The cephalic drains the upper limb, the facial is a tributary, and the brachiocephalic receives the jugulars rather than draining the head directly.

Question 33

Bradycardia can result from?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Increased vagal (parasympathetic) tone slows SA node firing and AV conduction, producing bradycardia. Fever, hyperthyroidism, and anxiety typically increase the heart rate (tachycardia).

Question 34

The coronary sinus drains the walls of the heart and opens into?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The coronary sinus collects venous blood from the cardiac veins and empties directly into the right atrium near the opening of the inferior vena cava.

Question 35

Chordae tendineae are not present in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Chordae tendineae attach the papillary muscles to the atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral, or bicuspid). They are absent from the semilunar valves, including the aortic valve.

Question 36

All of the following lie in the right atrium except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The right atrium contains the opening of the SVC, the fossa ovalis on the septal wall, and the tricuspid orifice. The foramen ovale is a fetal opening that closes after birth to form the fossa ovalis, so it is not present in the right atrium.

Question 37

Veins are the supply to the thoracic area?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Thoracic venous drainage occurs via the superior vena cava and the azygos venous system, so both listed veins are involved.

Question 38

What carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins, which empty into the left atrium. The aorta carries blood from the left ventricle to the body; the atria are chambers, and semilunar refers to valves.

Question 39

Into which of the following chambers of the heart does the superior vena cava enter?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The superior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the head, neck, and upper limbs directly to the right atrium.

Question 40

_____ is also called the silent killer?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hypertension (high blood pressure) is often asymptomatic while causing organ damage; hence, it is called the silent killer.

Question 41

Base of heart is formed by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The base (posterior surface) of the heart is formed primarily by the left atrium, with a small contribution from the right atrium.

Question 42

What is atrial fibrillation? A heart condition that causes...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Atrial fibrillation is an irregularly irregular rhythm caused by chaotic atrial activity, typically producing a rapid ventricular response; thus, it is irregular and often abnormally fast.

Question 43

The terminalis conducting branch of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Purkinje fibers are the terminal branches of the cardiac conduction system, distributing impulses throughout the ventricular myocardium.

Question 44

A 72-year-old male is admitted with a stroke. His BP is 220/105. Cardiac exam shows a heave and an S4 without any murmur. Likely etiology?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Severe, long-standing hypertension causes concentric LV hypertrophy, producing a sustained apical heave and an S4 (stiff, noncompliant ventricle) without a murmur.

Question 45

Number of branches of the internal carotid artery in the neck?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cervical (neck) portion of the internal carotid artery gives off no branches; its branches arise intracranially.

Question 46

What is the name for a decreased pulse rate or heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bradycardia is the term for a decreased heart rate; tachycardia is an increased heart rate, hypotension is low blood pressure, and arrhythmia is an irregular rhythm.

Question 47

Which of the following does not affect blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Arterial blood pressure equals cardiac output times total peripheral resistance. Cardiac output depends on heart rate and stroke volume; total peripheral resistance is the other determinant. Temperature is not a primary determinant.

Question 48

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is termed?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pulse pressure is defined as the numerical difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Apical or cardiac rate refers to the heart rate, and pulse deficit is the difference between the apical and radial pulse counts.

Question 49

Which of the following is a primary factor that affects BP?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Blood pressure changes predictably with age due to decreased arterial elasticity and increased peripheral resistance, making age a primary determinant of baseline BP.

Question 50

Most common lethal arrhythmia in the first hour of an MI?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Early deaths after acute MI are most often due to ventricular fibrillation caused by ischemia-induced electrical instability.

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