Question 1

What is the sound box in birds called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In birds, the vocal organ is the syrinx located at the tracheal bifurcation; the larynx is the mammalian voice box, and the glottis and pharynx are not the primary sound-producing structures.

Question 2

Which of the following organs cannot be transplanted at this time?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Liver, kidney, heart, and lung transplants are established procedures. Whole-brain transplantation is not possible due to the impossibility of reconnecting billions of CNS connections and profound ethical/identity issues.

Question 3

What is the longest cell in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Neurons (e.g., motor neurons of the sciatic nerve) can extend up to a meter, making them the longest cells in the human body. Ostrich egg is not human; the human ovum is the largest by diameter, not length; sperm are small.

Question 4

What is the dental term for the upper jaw?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The upper jaw is the maxilla; the mandible is the lower jaw and the palate is the roof of the mouth.

Question 5

Which animal's tongue does not move?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Crocodiles have a tongue that is fixed to the floor of the mouth by a membrane, so it is effectively immobile. The other listed animals have mobile tongues.

Question 6

How many teeth are present in the adult human mouth?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Adults typically have 32 permanent teeth, including four third molars (wisdom teeth).

Question 7

Which of the following is the smallest living structural unit of the body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cells are the smallest units that exhibit all characteristics of life; atoms and molecules are nonliving chemical units and organs are larger structures composed of tissues and cells.

Question 8

Which bone are the upper teeth embedded in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Upper teeth are anchored in the alveolar processes of the maxilla; the mandible holds the lower teeth.

Question 9

What is the kneecap also known as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The kneecap is the patella; the femur is the thigh bone and the radius is a forearm bone.

Question 10

Which nerve supplies the external anal sphincter?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The external anal sphincter receives motor innervation from the inferior rectal branches of the pudendal nerve (S2–S4), which provide voluntary control of continence.

Question 11

Which of these is NOT part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata are hindbrain structures; the midbrain is a separate division (mesencephalon), making it the one that does not belong with the others.

Question 12

What is the average brain weight of females?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Standard anatomical data: the average adult female brain weight is approximately 1275 g.

Question 13

What is the length of the esophagus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In adults the esophagus measures about 25 cm from the pharyngoesophageal junction to the gastroesophageal junction.

Question 14

Which category best describes the study of the elbow joint: myology, osteology, arthrology, or none?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Arthrology is the study of joints; the elbow is a joint.

Question 15

Which bone protects the brain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cranium (skull) forms the protective bony case around the brain; occipital, temporal, and ethmoid are individual bones within the skull.

Question 16

To which bone are the ribs attached anteriorly?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ribs connect anteriorly to the sternum via costal cartilages; the ilium is pelvic, and the scapula and clavicle are shoulder bones.

Question 17

Which bone protects the brain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cranium (skull) encases and protects the brain; individual bones like temporal, ethmoid, and occipital are parts of the skull but the protecting structure is the skull.

Question 18

What is the largest internal organ in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The liver is the largest internal organ by mass (about 1.2–1.5 kg), larger than the kidneys, heart, or pancreas.

Question 19

All of the following are supports of the uterus except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The broad ligament is a peritoneal fold and does not provide significant mechanical support to the uterus, whereas Mackenrodt’s (cardinal), uterosacral, pubocervical, and rectovaginal fascial condensations are true pelvic supports.

Question 20

You are assessing the patient abdomen for liver palpation, according to anatomical position and quadrant liver is located in which quadrant?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The liver lies primarily under the right costal margin in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

Question 21

The tongue is classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The tongue is composed of multiple tissues (skeletal muscle, mucosa, glands) organized to perform specific functions, making it an organ.

Question 22

Which nerve supplies the diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The diaphragm’s primary motor innervation is the phrenic nerve (C3–C5). Other listed nerves serve limb or thoracic wall structures; intercostal nerves provide only peripheral sensory input to the diaphragm.

Question 23

What is the weight of the adult human heart?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The average adult human heart weighs about 250–350 g; 300 grams is the commonly cited mean.

Question 24

What do you mean by sinuses?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In anatomy, sinuses are air-filled cavities within bones, especially the cranial bones (paranasal sinuses). The other options describe joints, potential spaces, or the mediastinum.

Question 25

Which bone of the face is movable?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The mandible is the only movable bone of the facial skeleton; the maxilla, nasal, and zygomatic bones are fixed.

Question 26

Which bone is present posteriorly in the cranial cavity?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The occipital bone forms the posterior part of the skull and cranial cavity.

Question 27

In which cavity is the mediastinum found?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity between the lungs, so it is located in the thoracic cavity.

Question 28

Which bone does not form a boundary of the cranial cavity?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cranial cavity is formed by cranial bones (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid). The mandible is a facial bone and does not contribute to the cranial cavity boundaries.

Question 29

Which bone protects the brain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The skull (cranium) encloses and protects the brain as a whole; the other listed bones are individual skull bones.

Question 30

The brain is covered by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The brain is protected by the meninges, encased by the skull (bone), and externally covered by the scalp (skin); therefore all listed coverings apply.

Question 31

What is pterygium colli deformity?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pterygium colli refers to a congenital webbed neck with lateral skin folds extending from the neck toward the shoulders.

Question 32

Which of the following is not part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The foramen magnum is an opening in the occipital bone of the skull, not a part of the brain. The cerebellum, brain stem, and cerebrum are brain structures.

Question 33

Which organ can a person live without?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The uterus is a reproductive organ and not essential for maintaining life; many people live normally after hysterectomy. In contrast, kidneys, pancreas, and intestines are vital for homeostasis and nutrient absorption.

Question 34

Laparoscopy is done to visualize which organs?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Laparoscopy provides direct visualization of the peritoneal cavity, which includes both abdominal and pelvic organs; it is not used for thoracic organs.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a sense organ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The nail is an accessory integumentary structure and not a sensory organ, whereas the tongue, skin, eye, and nose are sense organs for taste, touch, sight, and smell.

Question 36

What is the largest salivary gland?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The parotid is the largest salivary gland; submandibular and sublingual are smaller, and the pancreas is not a salivary gland.

Question 37

Which is not part of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system but not part of the brain; the medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebrum are brain structures.

Question 38

Which pelvic type has a small sagittal posterior diameter, convergent sidewalls, prominent ischial spines, and a narrow pubic arch?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The android (male-type) pelvis has a heart-shaped inlet with convergent sidewalls, prominent ischial spines, a narrow pubic arch, and a reduced posterior sagittal diameter.

Question 39

Which tissue is involved in milk production?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Milk is produced by the mammary gland’s glandular tissue; adipose tissue alone does not produce milk. Of the choices, only the option including glandular tissue is correct.

Question 40

What is approximately the size of the prostate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The normal adult prostate is commonly described as being about the size of a walnut (~20–30 g).

Question 41

The hyoid is a bone of which structure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The hyoid bone is located in the neck and serves as an anchoring structure for the tongue; thus it is a bone associated with the tongue.

Question 42

Which of the following is the beauty bone?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The clavicle is commonly referred to as the beauty bone because its visible contour at the base of the neck is considered aesthetically appealing.

Question 43

What tissues compose the breast?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The mammary glands consist of glandular tissue embedded within adipose (fat) tissue; thus the main components are glandular and fatty tissue.

Question 44

What term describes the location of the kidneys in relation to the peritoneum?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The kidneys lie behind the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity; therefore they are described as retroperitoneal.

Question 45

A patient came to physiotherapy department. During history taking patient told physiotherapist that during RTA he had a sudden blow to the shoulder. After assessment you came to know that C5 and C6 nerve root was tore. Which of following nerves according to brachial plexus is injured?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: C5–C6 root injury (Erb region) affects branches derived from these roots: suprascapular nerve (C5–C6), nerve to subclavius (C5–C6), and dorsal scapular nerve (C5). Therefore all listed nerves can be injured.

Question 46

This nerve originates from posterior cord of brachial plexus. It supplies subscapularis muscle and also supplies teres major muscle. Name the nerve?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The lower subscapular nerve arises from the posterior cord and innervates subscapularis and teres major (upper subscapular supplies subscapularis). Thus the subscapular nerves are correct.

Question 47

A patient presented to you in physiotherapy OPD, complaining pain along eight ribs and inferior angle of scapula. When you perform rotation of scapula patients complains of severe pain. Which nerve and muscle is involved?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pain along the upper eight ribs and inferior angle of the scapula with pain on scapular rotation points to serratus anterior dysfunction; this muscle originates from ribs 1–8/9 and controls scapular protraction and upward rotation. It is innervated by the long thoracic nerve.

Question 48

A patient presented to you with unable to abduct, flex, extend and medially rotate arm. When you assed the patient. You came to know that the nerve involved arises from posterior cord of brachial plexuses. The muscle which it supplies is largest muscle and used in muscular injections?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Loss of abduction, flexion, extension, and medial rotation indicates deltoid dysfunction. Deltoid is a common intramuscular injection site and is innervated by the axillary nerve, which arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus.

Question 49

The liver may be divided into a large right lobe and the small left lobe by the attachment of the peritoneum of the ligament is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The falciform ligament, a peritoneal fold, attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and demarcates the right and left anatomical lobes.

Question 50

Which of the following statements about the peritoneum is correct?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Only the greater omentum is correctly described as a four-layered peritoneal fold. The median umbilical fold contains the urachus (not the umbilical artery—those are in the medial folds). The gastrosplenic ligament carries short gastric and left gastroepiploic vessels, not splenic vessels. The lienorenal ligament contains the splenic vessels and tail of the pancreas, not the short gastric vessels.

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What is the sound box in birds called?

Which of the following organs cannot be transplanted at this time?

What is the longest cell in the human body?

What is the dental term for the upper jaw?

Which animal's tongue does not move?

How many teeth are present in the adult human mouth?

Which of the following is the smallest living structural unit of the body?

Which bone are the upper teeth embedded in?

What is the kneecap also known as?

Which nerve supplies the external anal sphincter?

Which of these is NOT part of the brain?

What is the average brain weight of females?

What is the length of the esophagus?

Which category best describes the study of the elbow joint: myology, osteology, arthrology, or none?

Which bone protects the brain?

To which bone are the ribs attached anteriorly?

Which bone protects the brain?

What is the largest internal organ in the human body?

All of the following are supports of the uterus except?

You are assessing the patient abdomen for liver palpation, according to anatomical position and quadrant liver is located in which quadrant?

The tongue is classified as which of the following?

Which nerve supplies the diaphragm?

What is the weight of the adult human heart?

What do you mean by sinuses?

Which bone of the face is movable?

Which bone is present posteriorly in the cranial cavity?

In which cavity is the mediastinum found?

Which bone does not form a boundary of the cranial cavity?

Which bone protects the brain?

The brain is covered by?

What is pterygium colli deformity?

Which of the following is not part of the brain?

Which organ can a person live without?

Laparoscopy is done to visualize which organs?

Which of the following is NOT a sense organ?

What is the largest salivary gland?

Which is not part of the brain?

Which pelvic type has a small sagittal posterior diameter, convergent sidewalls, prominent ischial spines, and a narrow pubic arch?

Which tissue is involved in milk production?

What is approximately the size of the prostate?

The hyoid is a bone of which structure?

Which of the following is the beauty bone?

What tissues compose the breast?

What term describes the location of the kidneys in relation to the peritoneum?

A patient came to physiotherapy department. During history taking patient told physiotherapist that during RTA he had a sudden blow to the shoulder. After assessment you came to know that C5 and C6 nerve root was tore. Which of following nerves according to brachial plexus is injured?

This nerve originates from posterior cord of brachial plexus. It supplies subscapularis muscle and also supplies teres major muscle. Name the nerve?

A patient presented to you in physiotherapy OPD, complaining pain along eight ribs and inferior angle of scapula. When you perform rotation of scapula patients complains of severe pain. Which nerve and muscle is involved?

A patient presented to you with unable to abduct, flex, extend and medially rotate arm. When you assed the patient. You came to know that the nerve involved arises from posterior cord of brachial plexuses. The muscle which it supplies is largest muscle and used in muscular injections?

The liver may be divided into a large right lobe and the small left lobe by the attachment of the peritoneum of the ligament is?

Which of the following statements about the peritoneum is correct?

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