Question 1

The pericardium is the layer of which organ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pericardium is a double-layered serous and fibrous sac that surrounds and protects the heart, anchoring it in the mediastinum and reducing friction during cardiac contractions.

Question 2

Which of the following is the normal position of the uterus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The normal uterine position is anteverted and anteflexed, meaning the uterus tilts forward toward the bladder (anteverted) and bends forward at the cervix (anteflexed). This is the most common healthy anatomical orientation.

Question 3

A patient came to physiotherapy department. Gave you the history that last week he had a sprain in ankle. So physician advised him to used crutches. But after using crutches he found significant weakness in abduction of arm. Also unable to flex, extend, medially and laterally rotate arm. Name the nerve. It is to inform you that this nerve arises from posterior cord of brachial plexus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Excessive pressure from crutch use can injure nerves arising from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Weakness in shoulder abduction (deltoid) and external rotation (teres minor) strongly indicates axillary nerve involvement, which supplies these muscles and wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus.

Question 4

Axillary artery is a continuation of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery once it passes the lateral border of the first rib. This marks the anatomical transition between the thoracic outlet and the axilla.

Question 5

An immovable joint that holds most skull bones together is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Sutures are fibrous, immovable joints (synarthroses) that tightly connect the flat bones of the skull, allowing protection of the brain while permitting minimal movement.

Question 6

Outer layer of kidney are surrounded?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The outermost covering of the kidney is the renal capsule, a dense fibrous layer that protects the kidney and maintains its structural integrity.

Question 7

The term _____ refers to the same side of the body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ipsilateral means “on the same side of the body,” used to describe anatomical structures or effects occurring on the same side relative to a reference point.

Question 8

The widest part of uterine tube is called?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The ampulla is the widest and longest segment of the uterine (fallopian) tube. It is also the most common site of fertilization due to its large lumen and extensive mucosal folds.

Question 9

Which of the following are not blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lymph vessels transport lymph, not blood. Unlike arteries, veins, and capillaries, they form part of the lymphatic system and return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.

Question 10

What is the common passage for food and air?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pharynx serves as a shared passageway for both food and air, directing swallowed material toward the esophagus and inspired air toward the larynx.

Question 11

All are the contents of axilla except?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The shoulder joint is not considered a content of the axilla. The axilla contains the axillary artery and vein, cords and branches of the brachial plexus, and numerous lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels—but not the glenohumeral joint itself.

Question 12

There are ...................... Anterior intercostal spaces?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: There are 11 anterior intercostal spaces, corresponding to the spaces between the first 12 ribs where anterior intercostal arteries and muscles are located.

Question 13

What lies at the MEDIAL surface of the lungs, and is the place where pulmonary vessels, bronchial vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves, enters and leave the lung?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The hilum is the medial indentation of each lung where pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, main bronchi, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and exit. It serves as the gateway for all lung structures forming the root of the lung.

Question 14

What is the normal weight of the human heart?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The average weight of a healthy adult human heart is about 300 grams (approximately 280–340 g), with slight variation between males and females. This reflects normal cardiac muscle mass required for effective systemic circulation.

Question 15

to assess the brachioradialis nerve involves?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The brachioradialis reflex is mediated primarily by the C6 spinal nerve root, which supplies the brachioradialis muscle. Testing this reflex helps assess the integrity of the C6 segment.

Question 16

The short gastric veins and the left gastroepiploic veins join the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The short gastric veins and the left gastroepiploic (left gastro-omental) vein drain the fundus and greater curvature of the stomach. Both sets of veins ultimately empty into the splenic vein, which then joins the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein. This venous pattern is a key component of the portal circulation draining the stomach and spleen.

Question 17

The nasal cavity is divided into two by the bony nasal septum, which is largely formed by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The bony nasal septum is primarily formed by two structures: the vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. The vomer constitutes the inferior and posterior portion of the septum, providing the major structural support that divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves. Therefore, among the given options, vomer is the correct primary contributor.

Question 18

Stomach has _____ parts?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The stomach is anatomically divided into four major regions:

Cardia – where the esophagus enters the stomach

Fundus – the dome-shaped superior portion

Body (Corpus) – the largest central region

Pylorus – the distal portion leading to the duodenum

These regions have distinct anatomical and functional characteristics, making four the correct number of stomach parts.

Question 19

Left lung has............ Lobes?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The left lung contains two lobes—the superior and inferior lobes. Unlike the right lung, it lacks a middle lobe because the cardiac notch accommodates the heart. This anatomical difference creates a smaller and bilobed left lung.

Question 20

Length of left bronchi?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The left main bronchus is typically longer than the right main bronchus because it must pass under the aortic arch and travel a greater horizontal distance to reach the left lung. Its average length is approximately 5 cm, compared to the right main bronchus, which is shorter (about 2–2.5 cm). This anatomical difference is clinically relevant in airway management and foreign body aspiration patterns.

Question 21

Innominate bone is made up of bones?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The innominate bone—also known as the hip bone or coxal bone—is formed by the fusion of three bones:

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

These bones fuse during late adolescence to create a single, solid pelvic bone. Their union forms the acetabulum, contributing to the hip joint.

Question 22

How many lobes are present in liver?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The liver is anatomically divided into four lobes:

Right lobe

Left lobe

Caudate lobe

Quadrate lobe

Although clinically the liver is sometimes discussed in terms of right and left functional divisions, anatomically it has four distinct lobes, making 4 the correct answer.

Question 23

How many borders are present at the heart?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The heart has four anatomical borders, each defined by specific cardiac structures:

Right border – formed mainly by the right atrium

Left border – formed mainly by the left ventricle

Inferior border – formed by the right ventricle

Superior border – formed by the atria and great vessels

These borders are important in chest X-ray interpretation and anatomical orientation.

Question 24

Diameter of the ureter is about?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:

The ureter has an approximate internal diameter of 3–4 mm, although it can vary slightly along its course. This narrow lumen explains why kidney stones of >5 mm often have difficulty passing. Anatomically, the ureter also has three natural constrictions (ureteropelvic junction, crossing iliac vessels, and ureterovesical junction) where the diameter can be even smaller.

Question 25

Small intestine have ______ parts?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The small intestine is anatomically divided into three major parts:

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Each segment has distinct structural and functional roles in digestion and nutrient absorption. Therefore, the correct number of parts is three.

Question 26

The colon have parts ________?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The colon is anatomically divided into four main parts:

Ascending colon

Transverse colon

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

These sections together form the major pathway of the large intestine before reaching the rectum. Therefore, the correct number of colon parts is four.

Question 27

Number of cervical vertebra?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The cervical spine contains seven vertebrae numbered C1 through C7. These vertebrae support the head, allow a wide range of neck motion, and house the vertebral arteries within their transverse foramina (except C7). Regardless of species variations in some animals, humans universally have 7 cervical vertebrae.

Question 28

Ribs are consist?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Humans normally have 12 pairs of ribs (24 ribs total). These include:

True ribs (1–7) – directly attached to the sternum

False ribs (8–10) – indirectly attached via costal cartilage

Floating ribs (11–12) – no anterior attachment

This consistent anatomical pattern makes 12 pairs the correct answer.

Question 29

Right lung has............ Fissure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The right lung has two fissures:

Horizontal fissure

Oblique fissure

These fissures divide the right lung into three lobes (upper, middle, and lower). The presence of both fissures is a key anatomical distinction from the left lung, which has only one fissure.

Question 30

Heart is ________ long?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The adult human heart typically measures about 12 cm in length (from base to apex). While there is slight anatomical variation between individuals, 12 cm is the widely accepted average measurement used in anatomical and clinical references. Therefore, 12 cm is the correct choice.

Question 31

There are _____ pairs of thoracic nerves?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: There are 12 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves, designated T1 through T12. Each thoracic nerve exits below its corresponding thoracic vertebra and contributes to intercostal nerves that supply the thoracic wall. This number is constant in human anatomy.

Question 32

Trachea is located at level of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The trachea begins at the level of C6, where it originates at the cricoid cartilage, and it continues downward into the thorax until it bifurcates into the right and left main bronchi at the level of T4–T5 (the sternal angle). Therefore, the trachea spans from C6 to T5, making this the correct anatomical range.

Question 33

Sacrum is made up of ____ fused bones?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The sacrum is formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae (S1–S5). These vertebrae fuse during adolescence to create a single, triangular bone that contributes to the stability of the pelvis by articulating with the iliac bones.

Question 34

Abdomen is divided into _________ regions?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The abdomen is anatomically divided into nine regions, created by two vertical midclavicular lines and two horizontal lines (subcostal and intertubercular). These regions are:

Right hypochondriac

Epigastric

Left hypochondriac

Right lumbar

Umbilical

Left lumbar

Right iliac

Hypogastric (pubic)

Left iliac

This nine-region model allows precise localization of abdominal organs and clinical findings.

Question 35

There are ________ types of bones?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Bones in the human body are classified into five major types based on shape and structure:

Long bones

Short bones

Flat bones

Irregular bones

Sesamoid bones

These categories reflect functional and developmental differences, making 5 types the correct anatomical classification.

Question 36

Human skull consists of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The human skull is made up of 22 bones:

8 cranial bones (frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, and paired parietal & temporal bones)

14 facial bones (including maxillae, zygomatics, mandible, nasal bones, lacrimal bones, palatine bones, inferior nasal conchae, and vomer)

These bones protect the brain and form the facial structure.

Question 37

The number of lumber vertebrae are?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The lumbar spine contains five vertebrae, labeled L1 through L5. These vertebrae are the largest in the vertebral column, designed to bear the greatest amount of body weight and provide stability and flexibility to the lower back.

Question 38

Olecranon process is the part of?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The olecranon process is the prominent, curved bony projection at the proximal end of the ulna. It forms the point of the elbow and serves as the insertion site for the triceps brachii muscle. It also articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus, forming part of the elbow joint.

Question 39

Compact bone makes up about.... Of the body bone?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Compact (cortical) bone constitutes approximately 80% of the total bone mass in the adult human skeleton. It forms the dense outer layer of all bones and provides strength, rigidity, and structural support. The remaining ~20% is cancellous (spongy) bone.

Question 40

Haversian system consist?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A Haversian system, also called an osteon, is the fundamental structural and functional unit of compact bone. Each osteon consists of:

A central (Haversian) canal

Concentric lamellae

Lacunae with osteocytes

Canaliculi connecting the cells

Therefore, a Haversian system is one osteon, not multiple.

Question 41

Bone looks like a honey comb?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Spongy bone (cancellous bone) has a honeycomb-like internal structure formed by a network of trabeculae. These trabeculae create open spaces that contain bone marrow, giving it a porous, lattice-like appearance similar to a honeycomb. Compact bone, in contrast, is dense and does not have this pattern.

Question 42

Face is formed by ..... Bones?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The human face is formed by 14 facial bones, which include:

2 Maxillae

2 Zygomatic bones

2 Nasal bones

2 Lacrimal bones

2 Palatine bones

2 Inferior nasal conchae

1 Mandible

1 Vomer

These bones collectively shape the facial structure and support sensory functions such as vision, smell, and taste.

Question 43

True ribs are?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: True ribs are the first 7 pairs (1–7). They are called “true” because each pair attaches directly to the sternum via its own individual costal cartilage.
Ribs 8–10 are false ribs, and ribs 11–12 are floating ribs.

Question 44

Tarsal bones consist?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The tarsal bones of the foot consist of seven bones:

Talus

Calcaneus

Navicular

Medial cuneiform

Intermediate cuneiform

Lateral cuneiform

Cuboid

These bones form the posterior portion of the foot and contribute to weight-bearing and movement.

Question 45

Trachea is divided at about the level of..................... Thoracic vertebra?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The trachea ends and divides into the right and left main bronchi at the carina, which is located at the T4–T5 vertebral level (sternal angle). Since the answer choices provide single vertebra levels, T5 is the closest accurate option and is considered correct.

Question 46

Right bronchus is ............ Cm long?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The right main bronchus is typically shorter, wider, and more vertical than the left bronchus. Its average length is about:

Right bronchus: ≈ 2–2.5 cm

Left bronchus: ≈ 5 cm

This anatomical difference explains why aspirated foreign bodies more commonly enter the right lung.

Therefore, the correct length is 2 cm.

Question 47

Inferior mediastinum is divided by............region?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The inferior mediastinum is anatomically divided into three regions:

Anterior mediastinum

Middle mediastinum

Posterior mediastinum

These subdivisions help differentiate the structures located within each compartment, such as the heart (middle), descending aorta (posterior), and connective tissue/lymph nodes (anterior).

Question 48

Medullary canal contain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The medullary canal (medullary cavity) is found in the diaphysis of long bones and normally contains yellow bone marrow, which is rich in fat.
Red bone marrow is typically found in trabecular (spongy) bone of flat bones and the epiphyses of long bones—not in the medullary canal of adults.

Therefore, the medullary canal contains yellow bone marrow only.

Question 49

Irregular bone consists?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Irregular bones have complex shapes that do not fit into the categories of long, short, flat, or sesamoid bones.
Examples include:

Vertebrae → classic irregular bones

Bones of the pelvis

Some facial bones (e.g., sphenoid, ethmoid)

Most skull bones, however, are flat bones (frontal, parietal, occipital, etc.), not irregular—so option B is incorrect.

Thus, vertebral bone is the correct example of an irregular bone.

Question 50

Female urethra is approximately long?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The female urethra is short, straight, and measures approximately 4 cm in length.
This shorter length—compared to the 18–20 cm male urethra—makes females more susceptible to urinary tract infections due to the shorter distance bacteria must travel.

Therefore, the correct approximate length is 4 cm.

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