Question 1

A nurse is providing a class about osteoporosis at the local senior center. Which of the following statements related to osteoporosis is inaccurate?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle factor that directly influences bone remodeling through weight-bearing mechanical loading. Low activity is a risk factor for osteoporosis, but it is changeable through exercise interventions, so calling it non-modifiable is inaccurate. By contrast, estrogen decline after menopause is a major non-modifiable risk factor that accelerates bone loss. Osteoporosis is more common with advancing age, making it frequently described as a condition seen in older adults.

Question 2

When screening patients at a community center, the nurse will plan to teach ways to reduce factors for osteoarthritis to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Osteoarthritis risk increases with repetitive joint loading, frequent kneeling/squatting, forceful gripping, and repetitive motions that accelerate cartilage wear. Assembly-line work commonly involves repetitive, high-frequency movements and sustained joint stress, making targeted education on ergonomic strategies, pacing, joint protection, and early symptom management especially relevant. Volleyball can involve acute injuries but is not as consistently associated with chronic repetitive occupational joint microtrauma as industrial work. Diabetes is not a primary modifiable risk factor for osteoarthritis compared with mechanical overuse and occupational strain.

Question 3

Freedom of choice is one of the policies of the Family Planning Program of the Philippines. Which of the following illustrates this principle?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  Freedom of choice in family planning is grounded in informed, voluntary decision-making without coercion. Providing comprehensive, unbiased information about all available methods enables clients to weigh benefits, risks, contraindications, effectiveness, and personal preferences to choose what fits their values and health needs. This directly operationalizes autonomy by ensuring a truly informed choice rather than a default or provider-directed selection. In contrast, general information campaigns or promoting shared responsibility support the program but do not specifically ensure that individuals can choose among methods with full understanding.

Question 4

Which of the following women should be considered as special targets for family planning?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Adolescents have increased risk for complications related to incomplete physiologic maturity and psychosocial vulnerability, while advanced maternal age is linked with higher rates of hypertensive disorders, diabetes, and chromosomal abnormalities. Targeting these ages helps reduce unintended high-risk pregnancies and improves perinatal outcomes through planned spacing and timing. Other options describe potentially higher-need groups, but age extremes are a classic, broadly applicable public health criterion used to define “special targets” for family planning services.

Question 5

Which is the primary goal of community health nursing?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  Community health nursing is primarily population-focused and emphasizes health promotion and disease prevention to improve overall community well-being. This option directly captures that preventive, promotive orientation and the collaborative role of community nursing alongside other health disciplines and services. Option B reflects an important strategy (empowerment and capacity-building) but is more of an approach than the overarching primary goal. Options C and D describe broader socioeconomic or program-specific aims that can be outcomes of community health work but are not the central goal across all community health nursing practice.

Question 6

THEME OF WORLD HEALTH DAY 2018 IS?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This aligns with population-level health promotion by targeting system-wide prevention, screening, and treatment access. The other options correspond to different World Health Day themes from other years (e.g., diabetes, depression, food safety). Therefore the best match for 2018 is universal health coverage.

Question 7

A nurse who is evaluating a mentally retarded 2 year-old in a clinic should stress which goal when talking to the child's mother?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At 2 years old, the most appropriate counseling emphasis is helping the parent support achievable milestones across domains (language, motor, social) using early intervention and consistent routines. Teaching self-care and independent toileting may be premature and can create unrealistic expectations that increase parental stress and child frustration. Long-term care decisions are not the primary immediate goal during an initial developmental evaluation unless safety or caregiving capacity is urgently compromised.

Question 8

Parents of a 5 month-old breast fed baby ask the nurse about increasing the baby's diet. Which of the following should be added first?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Around 4–6 months, iron-fortified single-grain cereal is typically recommended as an initial solid because it is easy to digest and helps supplement iron stores that begin to decline. Higher-allergen or more complex protein foods like eggs and meat are generally introduced later and one at a time to monitor tolerance. Juice is not recommended as a first added food due to excess sugar, low nutrient density, and risk of diarrhea and dental caries.

Question 9

What is the major purpose of community health research?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Community health research is primarily population-focused, aiming to generate evidence about health status, determinants, and patterns of disease across groups to guide public health planning. Describing health conditions of populations aligns with surveillance and epidemiologic description (e.g., prevalence/incidence, risk distribution) that informs prevention priorities and resource allocation. The other options are narrower: evaluating illness emphasizes individual/community cases, families are a subset rather than the main unit of analysis, and environmental conditions are determinants but not the central overarching purpose. Population-level description best captures the broad, foundational aim that underpins subsequent interventions and policy decisions.

Question 10

When interviewing the parents of a child with asthma, it is most important to gather what information about the child's environment?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Animal dander and saliva from pets are frequent indoor allergens and are a high-yield cause of persistent symptoms and exacerbations, making this exposure essential to assess during the history. Knowing whether pets are present helps guide practical interventions such as allergen reduction strategies and trigger avoidance counseling. In contrast, lead-based paint is primarily relevant to neurotoxicity risk rather than bronchospasm, and new furniture/houseplants are less common primary triggers compared with pet dander.

Question 11

What is the most important consideration when teaching parents how to reduce risks in the home?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  Injury-prevention teaching is most effective when tailored to the child’s developmental stage because risk-taking ability, mobility, and hazard exposure change rapidly with age. Home safety priorities differ for infants (suffocation, safe sleep), toddlers (poisoning, drowning, falls), preschoolers (burns, access to medications/chemicals), and school-age children (bicycle/helmet, firearms safety). Knowing the children’s ages lets the nurse focus on the highest-probability, highest-severity hazards and recommend specific environmental modifications. Parent age or knowledge can affect how teaching is delivered, but it does not determine which hazards are most relevant in the home. Proximity to emergency services is secondary because prevention reduces the need for emergency care.

Question 12

A couple asks the nurse about risks of several birth control methods. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The safest nursing counseling highlights high-risk contraindications and encourages alternative contraception rather than minimizing risk. The other options are inaccurate or misleading: IUDs do not protect against infection, and both Norplant/Depo-Provera have specific risks and side effects that make “safe/easy” or “few side effects” overly broad and not the best teaching point about risk.

Question 13

The nurse is discussing nutritional requirements with the parents of an 18 month-old child. Which of these statements about milk consumption is correct?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Excessive milk can reduce appetite for varied solids and is associated with iron deficiency anemia risk due to low iron content and possible occult GI blood loss with high cow’s milk intake. Limiting daily milk to a moderate amount helps ensure adequate calories, protein, calcium, and vitamin D without crowding out other key nutrients. Fat-free milk is not typically recommended at 18 months unless specifically indicated, because toddlers generally need higher dietary fat for brain development.

Question 14

Which of the following measures would be appropriate for the nurse to teach the parent of a nine month-old infant about diaper dermatitis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Removing a newly introduced food is a reasonable teaching point when the timing suggests a causal relationship, while continuing standard skin-protection measures. Several distractors are unsafe or inaccurate: bleach residue can irritate skin, and occlusive barrier ointments are commonly recommended to protect inflamed skin. Routine use of fragranced commercial wipes may further irritate damaged skin, especially if alcohol or perfumes are present.

Question 15

The parents of a toddler ask the nurse how long their child will have to sit in a car seat while in the automobile. What is the nurse's best response to the parents?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: " Car restraint guidance for young children is based primarily on size/weight to ensure the harness and seat provide proper crash protection. A car seat/booster is used until the child meets the minimum weight requirement to safely transition to an adult seat belt. Age alone is unreliable because children of the same age vary widely in body size and belt fit. “Sitting still” is a behavioral criterion and does not ensure the lap and shoulder belt will lie on the strong bony structures needed to prevent injury.

Question 16

The nurse is talking by telephone with a parent of a 4 year-old child who has chickenpox. Which of the following demonstrates appropriate teaching by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This teaching helps parents recognize a typical course and reduces unnecessary concern when new lesions appear while older ones are crusting. Aspirin is avoided in children with viral infections due to the risk of Reye syndrome, and contagion continues until all lesions have crusted rather than only before eruption. Topical corticosteroids are not standard home management for varicella pruritus; supportive measures (e.g., cool baths, antihistamines as directed, keeping nails short) are preferred.

Question 17

Parents are concerned that their 11 year-old child is a very picky eater. The nurse suggests which of the following as the best initial approach?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Offering nutrient-dense snacks increases exposure to a variety of foods and improves overall dietary quality without escalating conflict at meals. Calorie supplements are typically reserved for documented poor growth or inadequate intake and are not first-line. Focusing on negative consequences can create anxiety or power struggles and may worsen selective eating behaviors.

Question 18

What is the best way that parents of pre-schoolers can begin teaching their child about injury prevention?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: When parents consistently demonstrate safe actions (e.g., seat belts, helmets, hand hygiene, safe street behavior), the child is more likely to imitate and internalize these habits. This approach is developmentally appropriate because young children have limited ability to understand complex rules or delayed consequences. In contrast, relying on ensuring comprehension of “all rules” or discussing consequences overestimates cognitive capacity and tends to be less effective than consistent adult behavior and simple reinforcement.

Question 19

The nurse is preparing a handout on infant feeding to be distributed to families visiting the clinic. Which notation should be included in the teaching materials?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Starting with iron-fortified single-grain cereal is a common, safe first solid due to low allergenicity and appropriate texture. Egg whites are delayed because they are more allergenic in infancy, and adding solids to a bottle increases aspiration/choking risk and promotes overfeeding. Although iron sources like meat are important as stores decline around 4–6 months, the key universal teaching point is gradual, single-food introduction with an appropriate starter food.

Question 20

A mother wants to switch her 9 month-old infant from an iron-fortified formula to whole milk because of the expense. Upon further assessment, the nurse finds that the baby eats table foods well, but drinks less milk than before. What is the best advice by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Iron-fortified formula remains an appropriate, nutritionally complete milk substitute during the first year and helps maintain adequate iron intake while complementary foods are introduced. Adding chocolate syrup increases sugar exposure and is inappropriate for an infant. Offering juice frequently can displace more nutrient-dense intake and is not recommended as a strategy to replace milk or improve nutrition.

Question 21

The nurse is evaluating the growth and development of a toddler with AIDS. The nurse would anticipate finding that the child has?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In a toddler, delays tend to be broad-based across gross motor, fine motor, language, and social domains rather than isolated to one system. Therefore the most expected finding is generalized delay affecting most milestones. Options focusing on a single domain (musculoskeletal or speech only) are less consistent with the typical global impact of advanced chronic disease in this age group.

Question 22

A nurse is providing a parenting class to individuals living in a community of older homes. In discussing formula preparation, which of the following is most important to prevent lead poisoning?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Using ready-to-feed formula avoids the need to mix with household tap water, eliminating that key exposure pathway for infants who are highly vulnerable to neurotoxicity. Boiling water does not remove lead and can concentrate it by evaporation, making that approach unsafe as a preventive strategy. Flushing the tap may reduce lead from water sitting in pipes, but it does not reliably eliminate lead risk compared with avoiding tap water entirely.

Question 23

The nurse is providing instructions for a client with asthma who is sensitive to house dust-mites. Which information about prevention of asthma episodes would be the most helpful to include during the teaching?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: High-temperature laundering effectively kills mites and helps remove mite allergens from sheets and blankets, making it a high-yield, practical intervention. Warm water with a cold rinse does not reliably eliminate mites or denature allergenic proteins to the same extent. Other measures like general furnace filters may help overall indoor air quality but are less directly impactful than hot washing of bedding for a dust-mite–sensitized client.

Question 24

During the check up of a 2 month-old infant at a well baby clinic, the mother expresses concern to the nurse because a flat pink birthmark on the baby's forehead and eyelid has not gone away. What is an appropriate response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: " A flat pink patch on the forehead/eyelids in an infant most commonly represents a nevus simplex ("salmon patch"), a benign capillary malformation that often fades spontaneously over the first 1–2 years. Reassuring the parent and setting expectations for gradual fading is the appropriate well-baby teaching response. Mongolian spots are typically blue-gray and located over the sacrum/buttocks, not the forehead/eyelids. Port-wine stains are usually deeper red-purple and persist, and while some are associated with syndromes, the described common location/presentation here fits nevus simplex rather than prompting concern for malformations.

Question 25

A middle aged woman talks to the nurse in the health care provider's office about uterine fibroids also called leiomyomas or myomas. What statement by the woman indicates more education is needed?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Asymptomatic uterine fibroids are commonly managed expectantly with observation and periodic follow-up, rather than automatic surgery. Treatment is individualized based on symptom burden (e.g., heavy bleeding, pain/pressure), anemia, rapid growth or suspicion for malignancy, infertility concerns, and patient preference. Surgical removal (myomectomy/hysterectomy) is typically reserved for significant symptoms or complications, because procedures carry risks such as bleeding, infection, and impacts on fertility. The other statements reflect typical epidemiology, benign nature, and common pressure-related urinary/bowel symptoms associated with fibroids.

Question 26

The parents of a 2 year-old child report that he has been holding his breath whenever he has temper tantrums. What is the best action by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The safest nursing guidance is to help parents avoid reinforcing the behavior and to maintain calm, consistent limit-setting while ensuring the child is in a safe position. Giving in teaches the child that breath-holding controls caregivers and can worsen tantrum behavior over time. Teaching CPR is not the best first action because these spells usually resolve without resuscitation and the priority is anticipatory guidance and behavior management. Reasoning about harmful effects is developmentally inappropriate for a 2-year-old and is unlikely to change the behavior.

Question 27

The nurse is teaching a 27 year-old client with asthma about management of their therapeutic regime. Which statement would indicate the need for additional instruction?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Asthma self-management teaching emphasizes maintaining normal activity while preventing exercise-induced bronchospasm through appropriate control and pre-exercise strategies. Regular daily peak flow monitoring supports early detection of worsening airflow obstruction and guides action-plan decisions. Increasing reliance on rescue medication is a warning sign of poor control and should prompt contacting the clinic for reassessment of the regimen. Stress reduction can decrease symptom triggers and improve overall control, whereas broadly limiting exercise reflects misunderstanding and can unnecessarily reduce fitness and quality of life.

Question 28

Which statement by a parent would alert the nurse to assess for iron deficiency anemia in a 14 month-old child?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: " Excessive cow’s milk intake in toddlers is a classic risk factor for iron deficiency because it is low in iron and can displace iron-rich foods in the diet. Limited intake of fruits and vegetables can further narrow overall nutrient variety and is often associated with poor intake of iron-containing complementary foods (e.g., meats, fortified cereals, legumes). At 14 months, reliance on milk over balanced solids should prompt screening questions about daily milk volume and assessment for pallor, fatigue, pica, and growth concerns. Constipation and not finishing a full glass of fluids are nonspecific and do not uniquely point toward iron deficiency compared with a milk-heavy diet.

Question 29

When teaching new parents to prevent Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) what is the most important practice the nurse should instruct them to do?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Reducing an infant’s exposure to tobacco smoke is a high-impact, evidence-based prevention strategy because smoke exposure significantly increases SIDS risk through impaired arousal and respiratory control. Eliminating smoking in the home targets both secondhand and thirdhand smoke, which can affect the infant even when smoking is not done directly near the baby. Although safe sleep positioning is critical, the option provided incorrectly includes side-lying, which is unstable and can lead to prone positioning, undermining safety. Immunizations are beneficial and associated with lower SIDS risk but are not as directly preventive as strict smoke avoidance in the home environment. Checking the infant hourly does not prevent SIDS and can create false reassurance while missing the underlying risk factors.

Question 30

The nurse knows that which statement by the mother indicates that the mother understands safety precautions with her four month-old infant and her 4 year-old child?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Infant safety teaching prioritizes preventing injury from motor vehicle crashes and falls by using developmentally appropriate supervision and a safe environment. Placing a 4-month-old on the floor on a blanket is generally safer than elevated surfaces because it reduces fall risk while allowing the infant to move and play. In contrast, using the front seat for an infant car seat is unsafe due to airbag injury risk and improper placement recommendations; the safest location is typically the back seat with correct restraint use. This choice best reflects practical hazard reduction for both children during routine home activities.

Question 31

A client who had a vasectomy is in the post recovery unit at an outpatient clinic. Which of these points is most important to be reinforced by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vasectomy is not immediately effective because viable sperm can remain in the vas deferens/proximal reproductive tract for a period after the procedure. The key safety teaching is to prevent unintended pregnancy by using backup contraception until follow-up semen analysis confirms azoospermia. Clients commonly assume sterility is immediate, making this the highest-priority point to reinforce. The other statements address physiology and comfort/activity restrictions, but they do not mitigate the most time-sensitive risk of pregnancy after discharge.

Question 32

The nurse should teach clients about which potential risk factor for the development of colon-cancer?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The risk rises with duration and extent of disease, so patient teaching emphasizes surveillance colonoscopy and symptom monitoring. In contrast, chronic constipation and long-term laxative use are not supported as primary causal risks for colon cancer in standard evidence-based teaching. Smoking is associated with colorectal neoplasia but is a less direct, less emphasized “classic” risk factor compared with inflammatory bowel disease in exam contexts.

Question 33

A child should be seen by a dentist by what age?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A first visit at this age allows risk assessment (feeding practices, nighttime bottles, enamel defects), anticipatory counseling, and creation of a dental home for ongoing surveillance. Waiting until preschool years misses the period when caries can develop rapidly and become extensive before symptoms prompt care. Earlier assessment also supports timely referrals for fluoride varnish and caregiver education tailored to the child’s diet and brushing habits.

Question 34

The client using a diaphragm should be instructed to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Effective diaphragm contraception depends on correct fit and consistent coverage of the cervix. Weight change can alter pelvic anatomy and the fit/position of the device, increasing risk of contraceptive failure, so the client should be refitted after a notable weight gain. A common teaching point is that the diaphragm must remain in place for at least 6 hours after intercourse (and not more than 24 hours), making the “no longer than 4 hours” instruction incorrect. “Cool location” storage is not a key safety/efficacy instruction compared with ensuring proper sizing and refitting when body changes occur.

Question 35

Vitamin A prophylaxis is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Vitamin A supplementation is given to prevent vitamin A deficiency and its complications (e.g., xerophthalmia, increased infection-related morbidity) in at-risk populations. This makes it a targeted intervention that provides protection against a defined health problem rather than a broad lifestyle measure. Secondary prevention would involve screening/early detection and treatment, which does not describe supplementation. Primordial prevention focuses on preventing the emergence of risk factors at a population level, not delivering a specific nutrient dose.

Question 36

A nurse cares for a toddler who has a decreased appetite, an erratic eating pattern, and fussiness at mealtime. Which recommendation should be made to the parents?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Toddlers commonly have fluctuating appetites and short attention spans, so grazing-style intake with structured meals/snacks helps meet daily calorie and nutrient needs without creating mealtime battles. Offering small, nutritious snacks at predictable times supports adequate intake while keeping the child from becoming overly hungry and irritable at meals. Increasing portion sizes can overwhelm the child and worsen refusal behaviors. Using desserts as rewards and offering juice throughout the day both reinforce poor eating patterns and can suppress appetite by replacing more nutrient-dense foods.

Question 37

A nurse is educating the caregivers of a 15-month-old on car seat safety. The nurse understands which of the following is appropriate for the client?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At 15 months, the child is still within the age/size range where rear-facing is recommended, typically until they reach the rear-facing height/weight limit of the seat (often well past age 2). A forward-facing seat is used only after outgrowing rear-facing limits, not based on age alone. Booster seats and seat belts are for older children who have outgrown harnessed car seats and are large enough for proper belt fit, which does not apply at 15 months.

Question 38

What is the priority when working with a group of middle-aged adult clients?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Smoking cessation is one of the highest-impact interventions because it rapidly decreases cardiovascular risk and provides broad long-term benefits across multiple organ systems. “Prevention of infection” is important but is not the primary population-level priority for generally healthy middle-aged adults compared with chronic disease risk reduction. The option about decreasing HDL is physiologically incorrect because higher HDL is generally protective, making it a clear distractor.

Question 39

The nurse is teaching a client about the risk factors associated with colorectal cancer. The nurse determines that further teaching is necessary related to colorectal cancer if the client identifies which item as an associated risk factor?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Being younger than 50 is not considered a typical risk factor; instead, it generally corresponds to lower baseline risk in the absence of other conditions. In contrast, prior adenomatous polyps indicate a precancerous pathway, family history increases inherited or shared-environment risk, and chronic inflammatory bowel disease increases dysplasia risk over time. Therefore, identifying younger age as a risk factor reflects misunderstanding and indicates the need for further teaching.

Question 40

Which individual is at greatest risk for developing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: S. African American adults have a higher prevalence of hypertension and tend to develop it earlier and with greater severity, increasing lifetime risk. While older age increases risk, the group-based risk differential makes this option the best single answer among the choices. The stem asks for greatest risk, so selecting the population with the highest baseline incidence is most consistent with epidemiologic and screening-focused nursing knowledge.

Question 41

The nurse is teaching parents about ways to prevent iron-deficiency anemia in a full-term breastfed infant. Which of the following information will be included in this teaching plan?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Full-term infants are typically born with iron stores that last about the first 4–6 months, after which dietary iron becomes necessary to prevent iron-deficiency anemia. For an exclusively breastfed infant, introducing iron-containing complementary foods (e.g., iron-fortified cereals/purees) around 6 months aligns with routine feeding guidance and supports adequate iron intake. Routine medicinal iron supplementation is not generally initiated at 3 or 6 months for healthy full-term infants unless there are specific risk factors or provider orders. Replacing breast milk with scheduled iron-fortified formula feedings is unnecessary when appropriate complementary foods are introduced at the recommended age.

Question 42

A nurse is caring for a client who is seeking birth control. She has a history of hypertension and currently smokes cigarettes. Which method of birth control should the nurse advise against for this client?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Smoking and hypertension are major cardiovascular risk factors that further amplify these estrogen-related risks, making this option inappropriate and unsafe compared with non-estrogen methods. Progestin-only pills do not carry the same degree of estrogen-associated thrombosis risk and are commonly used when estrogen is contraindicated. Barrier methods and IUDs avoid systemic estrogen exposure and therefore do not add cardiovascular risk in the same way.

Question 43

A nurse is teaching a client who is pregnant. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: " Routine, moderate exercise in uncomplicated pregnancy supports cardiovascular fitness, helps limit excessive weight gain, improves mood and sleep, and can reduce common discomforts. Teaching should emphasize safe, regular activity and avoidance of overheating, dehydration, and high-risk contact or fall-prone sports. Ibuprofen is generally avoided in pregnancy (especially later gestation) due to fetal renal effects and risk of premature ductus arteriosus closure, making that statement unsafe. Headaches can occur, but framing them as simply “common” can downplay warning signs such as preeclampsia that require evaluation.

Question 44

The national water supply in sanitation program was started in ..?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: This question tests recall of the historical launch year of the National Water Supply and Sanitation Programme in India. The program is widely cited as beginning in 1954, aligning with early post-independence national planning for rural water supply and sanitation. The other years are common distractors from adjacent policy and plan periods but do not match the established start year for this specific program.

Question 45

A 39-year-old, premenopausal woman asks the nurse how much calcium is recommended. The nurse tells the woman to consume?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: For a premenopausal adult woman under 50 years old, typical recommendations are about 1,000 mg/day, with many nursing references accepting a range up to 1,200 mg/day depending on guideline source and dietary assessment. Higher intakes such as 1,200–1,500 mg/day are generally targeted to older adults (e.g., postmenopausal women/age ≥50) who have increased bone loss risk. The lower range of 800–1,000 mg/day risks being insufficient for consistent bone health counseling in this age group.

Question 46

You ask your 32-year-old female client about her hobbies. The client tells you that they thoroughly enjoy reading, making pottery, hiking, and rock climbing in the mountains. Which of these interests would you primarily focus on and encourage?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Health promotion emphasizes encouraging safe, sustainable physical activity that improves cardiovascular fitness, weight control, mood, and overall long-term health. A low-impact aerobic activity is generally appropriate for most adults and is easier to maintain regularly than high-risk pursuits. Reading and pottery can support stress reduction but do not provide the physiologic benefits of exercise needed for disease prevention. Rock climbing is typically higher risk for injury and is not considered low-impact, making it a poorer primary recommendation for broad health promotion.

Question 47

The nurse is talking to a group of women about the dangers and ways of acquiring toxic shock syndrome (TSS). The nurse would mention that all of the following women have a high risk of acquiring TSS, except for?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Toxic shock syndrome risk is most strongly linked to intravaginal foreign bodies that can promote Staphylococcus aureus toxin production, especially when left in place for prolonged periods. Super-absorbent tampons and barrier devices like diaphragms and cervical caps are associated with higher risk because they remain in the vagina and can facilitate bacterial growth and toxin absorption. Oral contraceptives do not involve an intravaginal device and are not a typical direct risk factor for TSS. A common distractor is assuming any contraception increases risk; the key risk is retained intravaginal materials rather than systemic hormonal contraception.

Question 48

In a population to prevent Coronary artery disease, changing harmful lifestyles by education is referred to as?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Population education aimed at changing harmful lifestyles (e.g., diet, exercise, smoking cessation) directly targets modifiable risks for coronary artery disease before clinical illness develops. Secondary prevention instead emphasizes early detection and prompt treatment (screening) to halt progression, not primarily lifestyle education for all. Tertiary prevention is aimed at limiting disability and complications after disease is established, such as cardiac rehabilitation post-myocardial infarction.

Question 49

A nurse in the health clinic is counseling a college student who was recently diagnosed with asthma. On what aspect of care should the nurse focus?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The most appropriate nursing focus during counseling is to assess the client’s understanding and readiness to implement the lifestyle and self-care changes needed to prevent exacerbations. This ensures education is individualized and identifies knowledge gaps that would undermine adherence and safety. Teaching environmental control measures can be important, but verifying comprehension of the overall required changes is the priority foundation before adding specific tactics. Social support and school coordination may be helpful later, but they do not replace confirming effective self-management understanding.

Question 50

A nurse is teaching a client about birth control. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is administered on a repeating schedule approximately every 12 weeks (about 3 months), making this statement accurate. A diaphragm is typically inserted shortly before intercourse (not 10 hours in advance), and an IUD’s replacement interval is measured in years, varying by type, not annually. Emergency contraception reduces risk from a recent unprotected exposure and does not provide a full week of ongoing protection without using an ongoing contraceptive method.

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