Question 1

The percentage of water in the average adult human body is ?????

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In an average adult, total body water is approximately 60% of body weight (with typical variation by sex, age, and body fat). Leaner individuals tend to have higher percentages, while older adults and those with more adipose tissue have lower percentages. The other options (40%, 80%, 90%) are not representative of normal adult physiology.
Category reason: This item tests a foundational normal-value concept about body composition and fluid balance, which is part of human physiology rather than a nursing intervention or clinical decision scenario.

Question 2

Muscles get tried when there is shortfall of....?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation require ATP for cross-bridge cycling and for calcium reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. When ATP supply cannot meet demand during sustained activity, force generation declines and fatigue occurs. Lactic acid accumulation is more associated with anaerobic metabolism and contributes to acidosis/burning sensation, but the key limiting “shortfall” causing fatigue is ATP availability.
Category reason: This question tests the physiological basis of muscle fatigue and energy use in contraction, which is a core topic in Physiology rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 3

Which carries oxygen in the blood.....?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Red blood cells (RBCs) carry oxygen because they contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues. Plasma primarily transports water, electrolytes, proteins, and dissolved substances, with only a very small amount of oxygen dissolved. Platelets function in clotting, and white blood cells (WBCs) are involved in immune defense rather than oxygen transport.
Category reason: The question tests the physiological function of blood components—specifically oxygen transport via hemoglobin in RBCs—making it a foundational body-function topic in Physiology rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 4

Flushed skin is seen in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: High fever commonly causes warm, flushed skin due to peripheral vasodilation as the body attempts to dissipate heat. In contrast, shock and hypothermia typically produce cool, pale, and clammy skin from peripheral vasoconstriction and reduced perfusion. Anemia more often presents with pallor rather than flushing because of reduced hemoglobin and decreased skin coloration.
Category reason: This item tests the physiologic relationship between thermoregulation/peripheral blood flow and skin appearance (flushing with fever), which is foundational body-function knowledge rather than a nursing intervention decision.

Question 5

Which organ Produces urea?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Urea is synthesized in the liver via the urea cycle, which detoxifies ammonia generated from amino acid metabolism by converting it into urea. The kidneys primarily excrete urea in the urine but do not produce it. The pancreas and large intestine are not responsible for urea formation as a primary metabolic function.
Category reason: This question tests understanding of how the body metabolizes nitrogenous waste (ammonia) into urea via the urea cycle, which is a core concept in physiology.

Question 6

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating heartbeat and breathing?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The medulla oblongata (part of the brainstem) contains the vital autonomic centers that control respiratory rhythm and cardiovascular function, including heart rate and blood pressure regulation. These functions are essential for maintaining life and occur largely without conscious control. The cerebrum is responsible for higher cognition and voluntary actions, and the cerebellum coordinates balance and fine motor control rather than basic vital reflexes.
Category reason: This is a foundational question about autonomic control of respiration and cardiovascular function by specific brain structures, which is primarily physiology rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 7

Not a stage of Mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Prophase, metaphase, and telophase are stages of mitosis. Zygotene occurs during prophase I of meiosis, not mitosis.
Category reason: This question tests understanding of cellular division processes, which fall under physiology.

Question 8

Temperature in human body is controlled by....?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Core body temperature is regulated by the hypothalamus, which functions as the body’s thermoregulatory “set point” center. It integrates input from central and peripheral thermoreceptors and initiates autonomic and behavioral responses. These responses include sweating and cutaneous vasodilation to dissipate heat, and shivering and vasoconstriction to conserve/generate heat. The cerebellum coordinates movement, while skin and muscles act as effectors rather than the primary control center.
Category reason: The question tests knowledge of the body’s thermoregulation control center, which is a foundational concept of homeostasis and neuroendocrine regulation within Physiology.

Question 9

Lack of oxygen is known as......?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hypoxia refers to inadequate oxygen available at the tissue level (low oxygen), which matches the definition of “lack of oxygen.” Dyspnea is the subjective sensation of difficult breathing, not oxygen deficiency itself. Apnea means cessation of breathing, which can cause hypoxia but is not synonymous with it. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder unrelated to the definition of oxygen lack.
Category reason: The item tests understanding of a core body function concept—oxygenation terminology (hypoxia vs dyspnea/apnea)—which is a foundational Physiology topic rather than a nursing action or clinical prioritization decision.

Question 10

What is the purpose of the appendix in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The appendix contains abundant lymphoid tissue and is thought to contribute to immune function, especially in early life, by supporting gut-associated lymphoid responses. It may also help maintain healthy gut microbiota by serving as a reservoir for beneficial bacteria. It is not essential for digestion or respiration, and removal typically does not cause major physiologic deficits.
Category reason: This question tests the normal function of an anatomic structure (the appendix) and its role in body function, which is foundational physiology rather than a nursing intervention or care-prioritization scenario.

Question 11

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Red blood cells primarily transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues via hemoglobin, which binds and carries oxygen molecules. They also help carry a portion of carbon dioxide back to the lungs, but oxygen transport is the main role. Fighting infection is primarily the function of white blood cells, and clotting is mediated mainly by platelets and clotting factors. Red blood cells do not produce hormones.
Category reason: This question tests the normal function of red blood cells in the body, which is a foundational concept in how the circulatory system supports oxygen delivery—core human physiology.

Question 12

The pH Of blood is -??

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Normal arterial blood pH is tightly regulated around 7.35–7.45, with an average of about 7.40. This slightly alkaline pH is maintained by buffer systems (especially bicarbonate), the lungs (CO2 removal), and the kidneys (H+ excretion and HCO3− regulation). Values like 6.4 or 6.8 would be incompatible with life, and 7.8 indicates severe alkalemia. Therefore, 7.4 is the best answer.
Category reason: This item tests the normal physiologic range of arterial blood pH and homeostatic regulation, which is a core Physiology concept rather than a nursing intervention or safety judgment.

Question 13

One Example of isotonic Solution is ;????

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) is isotonic with plasma, having an osmolality close to extracellular fluid, so it does not cause significant fluid shifts across cell membranes. In contrast, 0.45% NaCl is hypotonic and would draw water into cells. Hypertonic saline solutions such as 3% (and 5%) NaCl pull water out of cells into the intravascular space.
Category reason: The question tests understanding of tonicity/osmolality of IV fluids relative to body fluids, which is a foundational concept in body fluid physiology rather than a nursing action or prioritization scenario.

Question 14

Urea is produced in human...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Urea is synthesized in the liver via the urea cycle as the primary method for detoxifying ammonia produced from amino acid metabolism. The kidneys primarily excrete urea in urine but do not produce it. The spleen and gall bladder are not involved in urea formation.
Category reason: The question tests where a metabolic waste product (urea) is synthesized in the body, which is a core topic in human physiology (nitrogen metabolism and the urea cycle).

Question 15

What percent of human body is water ...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Total body water in an average adult is approximately 60% of body weight. This varies by age, sex, and body fat percentage (infants higher; older adults and people with higher adiposity lower), but 60% is the standard reference value used in physiology. Therefore, among the options provided, 60% is the best answer. The other options are either too low for the typical adult average (40%, 50%) or higher than the usual adult reference (70%).
Category reason: The item tests a foundational fact about total body water and normal body composition, which is part of basic human physiology rather than a nursing intervention or clinical decision.

Question 16

Blood volume in average adult is...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Average adult blood volume is approximately 5 liters, commonly estimated as about 70 mL/kg in adults, which places many adults in the 5–6 L range. Values vary with body size, sex, and pregnancy status, but 3–4 L is typically too low for an average adult and 7–8 L is usually too high unless the person is very large. Therefore, 5–6 liters is the best general estimate among the options.
Category reason: This question tests a normal physiologic parameter (total circulating blood volume) rather than a nursing intervention or clinical decision, so it belongs to Physiology.

Question 17

What is the primary mechanism by which olfactory receptor neurons adapt to persistent odors?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Olfactory transduction uses a GPCR pathway (Golf) that increases cAMP, opening cyclic nucleotide–gated channels and allowing Ca2+ influx. With persistent odor stimulation, elevated intracellular Ca2+ activates negative feedback (e.g., via calmodulin and other mechanisms) that reduces channel activity and decreases cAMP signaling, producing rapid adaptation. This calcium-dependent feedback is the key primary mechanism for short-term olfactory receptor neuron desensitization. The other options describe mechanisms not central to olfactory receptor adaptation.
Category reason: The question tests the cellular signaling mechanism underlying olfactory adaptation (second messengers and feedback regulation), which is a core concept of sensory physiology rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 18

What is the primary role of iron in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Iron is a key component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, enabling hemoglobin to bind and carry oxygen from the lungs to body tissues. It also contributes to oxygen storage in myoglobin in muscle. While iron participates in many enzymatic processes, its primary physiologic role is oxygen transport via hemoglobin. The other options are not the main function of iron in human physiology.
Category reason: This item tests foundational function of a micronutrient within blood and oxygen-carrying physiology rather than a nursing intervention or clinical decision, fitting Physiology.

Question 19

The symptoms of severe dehydration in an adult include all of the following Except :- ???

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Severe dehydration typically triggers an increase in thirst due to activation of hypothalamic osmoreceptors and volume receptors, so decreased thirst is not a typical symptom. Dizziness and weakness are common from hypovolemia and reduced cerebral perfusion. Palpitations can occur due to compensatory tachycardia from decreased intravascular volume.
Category reason: This item tests the body’s physiologic responses to hypovolemia/dehydration (thirst mechanism and cardiovascular compensation), which is primarily Physiology rather than a nursing intervention or priority-setting scenario.

Question 20

Liver stores food in the form of

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The liver stores excess dietary carbohydrate primarily as glycogen, a polymerized storage form of glucose. When blood glucose falls, hepatic glycogenolysis releases glucose to help maintain euglycemia. Glucose itself is kept in circulation and cells rather than stored long-term as free glucose, and ATP is an immediate energy currency, not a storage depot. Albumen/albumin is a protein, not the liver’s primary stored form of food/energy.
Category reason: This tests a basic body-function concept—how the liver stores and mobilizes energy—so it falls under Physiology rather than nursing care decisions.

Question 21

The function of haemoglobin in the body is....?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds oxygen in the lungs (forming oxyhemoglobin) and delivers it to peripheral tissues based on oxygen gradients. It also contributes to carbon dioxide transport and buffering, but its primary tested function is oxygen transport. Destruction of bacteria is mainly performed by white blood cells, anemia prevention relates to erythropoiesis and nutrient status, and iron utilization is a metabolic process rather than hemoglobin’s physiologic function.
Category reason: This question tests the normal biological role of hemoglobin in gas transport, which is a core concept of human physiology rather than a nursing care intervention or clinical judgment scenario.

Question 22

Which organs produces the enzyme lipase?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pancreas produces pancreatic lipase, the primary digestive enzyme responsible for breaking down dietary triglycerides in the small intestine. This enzyme is secreted in pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it acts with bile salts to aid fat digestion and absorption. The liver produces bile (not lipase), and while the intestine may have minor lipase activity, the pancreas is the major source tested in basic physiology.
Category reason: The question tests which organ secretes a digestive enzyme and therefore focuses on normal digestive function and enzyme production, which falls under Physiology.

Question 23

What is said to be the hardest working muscle in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The heart is commonly described as the hardest-working muscle because it contracts continuously, pumping blood throughout the body without rest across the lifespan. Unlike skeletal muscles that alternate between activity and recovery, cardiac muscle maintains rhythmic, uninterrupted workload to sustain perfusion of all tissues. The soleus, masseter, and gluteus maximus can generate substantial force or be highly active, but they do not operate continuously like the heart.
Category reason: This question tests general knowledge about muscle function and continuous physiologic workload (cardiac muscle activity), which falls under Physiology rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 24

Nerve cells helps in...

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Neurons (nerve cells) are specialized for communication: they generate action potentials and transmit information through axons and synapses to other neurons, muscles, and glands. This primary function is best described as carrying messages (nerve impulses) throughout the body. While nerves can influence breathing and digestion via autonomic control, those are downstream effects of neural signaling rather than the defining function. Therefore, "Carrying messages" is the single best answer.
Category reason: The question tests the basic function of nerve cells in body communication and signal transmission, which is a foundational concept in human physiology rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 25

Cardiac cycle needs how many much time to Complete....??

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: At a normal resting heart rate of about 75 beats per minute, one cardiac cycle lasts approximately 60/75 seconds, which is about 0.8 seconds. This total includes atrial systole (~0.1 s), ventricular systole (~0.3 s), and diastole (~0.4 s). The other time options are too short to represent a complete cardiac cycle at typical resting rates.
Category reason: The question tests the normal duration of the cardiac cycle, which is a foundational concept in cardiovascular physiology rather than a nursing intervention or patient-care decision.

Question 26

Which blood vessel carries oxygen-rich blood to the heart not away?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pulmonary veins uniquely carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart, emptying into the left atrium. In contrast, the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. The aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to systemic circulation, and the vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
Category reason: This question tests foundational cardiovascular physiology (direction and oxygenation status of blood flow in major vessels), which is core Physiology rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The liver performs detoxification (biotransformation of drugs and toxins), produces bile for fat digestion, and stores glycogen for blood glucose regulation. Blood filtration in the sense of removing metabolic wastes and forming urine is primarily a kidney function via glomerular filtration. While the liver does filter portal blood for bacteria and debris via Kupffer cells, the classic organ-level function tested as “filtration of blood” refers to the kidneys, making this option the best choice as NOT a liver function.
Category reason: This item tests foundational organ physiology—identifying normal functions of the liver versus other organs—rather than nursing interventions or clinical decision-making.

Question 28

Total amount of blood in Human body is...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In an average adult, total blood volume is about 70 mL/kg, which is roughly 7% of body weight (commonly taught as 7–8%). This aligns with typical adult blood volume of about 5 liters in a 70-kg person. The other percentages listed are substantially too low or too high for normal physiology.
Category reason: This item tests a normal body-function parameter (total blood volume as a percentage of body weight), which is a foundational concept in physiology rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization scenario.

Question 29

FEVER IS CAUSED BY?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Fever is a physiologic response to pyrogens that raise the hypothalamic temperature set point, most commonly during infections. Viral and bacterial illnesses are both frequent infectious causes of fever because they trigger immune mediators (e.g., cytokines, prostaglandin E2). Since “virus” and “bacteria” are both causes and both fall under the broader category of “infection,” the best choice is “All of these.”.
Category reason: The question tests the basic mechanism and causes of fever (a body temperature regulation response), which is a foundational concept in physiology rather than a nursing intervention or safety decision.

Question 30

Most essential substance for Brain Cells to work is...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Glucose is the primary and most essential fuel source for the brain under normal physiologic conditions. Neurons have a high metabolic demand and limited energy storage, so continuous glucose delivery is required to maintain membrane potentials and neurotransmission. Although the brain can adapt to use ketone bodies during prolonged fasting, glucose remains the key substrate in typical functioning. Vitamins and hormones are important modulators but are not the main energy source required for immediate brain cell work.
Category reason: The question tests foundational knowledge of what substrate brain cells use for energy, which is a core concept of normal body function and metabolism, fitting Physiology rather than nursing interventions.

Question 31

Which process describes the movement of water molecules from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential through a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Osmosis is the passive movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water potential (lower solute concentration) to lower water potential (higher solute concentration). It does not require cellular energy (ATP), distinguishing it from active transport. While diffusion is general movement of particles down a concentration gradient, the term specific to water movement across a semipermeable membrane is osmosis. Transpiration refers to water loss from plants, not membrane transport between solutions.
Category reason: The question tests a foundational concept of membrane water movement and gradients, which is a core topic in physiology rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 32

Which organ produces insulin and digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. Its endocrine islets (beta cells) secrete insulin to regulate blood glucose. Its exocrine acinar cells produce digestive enzymes (e.g., amylase, lipase, proteases) that are delivered to the duodenum. The liver, gall bladder, and kidneys do not produce insulin and do not provide the primary source of digestive enzymes.
Category reason: This question tests normal organ function (insulin secretion and digestive enzyme production), which is a foundational physiology concept rather than a nursing care/judgment scenario.

Question 33

Immediate source of energy for the muscle contraction is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: ATP is the immediate energy source used by myosin ATPase during cross-bridge cycling to power muscle contraction. Phosphocreatine serves as a rapid reserve to regenerate ATP but is not the direct energy used at the contractile proteins. Actinomyosin is the contractile complex and troponin is a regulatory protein; neither provides energy.
Category reason: This question tests the basic mechanism of muscle contraction and the biochemical energy source used during cross-bridge cycling, which is a core concept of human physiology.

Question 34

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating vital functions such as heartbeat and breathing?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The medulla oblongata, located in the brainstem, contains autonomic control centers that regulate essential involuntary functions including respiratory rhythm and cardiovascular control (heart rate and blood pressure). Damage to the medulla can rapidly impair breathing and circulation, making it critical for life-sustaining functions. The cerebrum is mainly responsible for higher cognitive functions, the cerebellum for coordination/balance, and the hypothalamus for homeostasis and endocrine/autonomic regulation but not the primary respiratory and cardiac centers.
Category reason: This item tests foundational knowledge of brain region functions—specifically autonomic control of respiration and cardiovascular activity—which is a core topic in physiology rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 35

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys to regulate red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced primarily by peritubular interstitial cells in the kidneys in response to hypoxia. It stimulates the bone marrow to increase erythropoiesis, thereby raising red blood cell mass and oxygen-carrying capacity. In chronic kidney disease, reduced EPO production commonly causes normocytic anemia. Insulin, adrenaline, and thyroxine do not directly regulate RBC production as the primary renal hormone does.
Category reason: The question tests a foundational body-function concept: renal endocrine regulation of erythropoiesis, which is a core Physiology topic rather than a nursing management/intervention scenario.

Question 36

Q. Vomitting centre is Situated in the....?????

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  C. Medulla The vomiting center is located in the medulla oblongata, which coordinates the complex autonomic and motor responses involved in emesis. It integrates inputs from the chemoreceptor trigger zone (area postrema), the vestibular system, and visceral afferents via the vagus nerve. This makes the medulla the key brain region for initiating and patterning vomiting.
Category reason: This question tests the anatomical/functional location of a neural control center (vomiting center) within the CNS, which is a core physiology concept rather than a nursing management/intervention scenario.

Question 37

Q. Primary function of the Liver?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  To filter blood The liver’s major role is processing blood from the portal circulation, metabolizing nutrients, detoxifying drugs/toxins, and clearing or transforming substances (e.g., bilirubin, hormones). While it also produces bile that aids digestion, digestion itself primarily occurs in the gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestines). Breathing and thinking are functions of the respiratory and nervous systems, respectively.
Category reason: This is a foundational question about the function of an organ (liver) rather than a nursing intervention or clinical decision, so it fits Physiology within NursingScience.

Question 38

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  Carry oxygen Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to peripheral tissues for cellular metabolism. While RBCs also help transport a portion of carbon dioxide back to the lungs, their primary role is oxygen transport. Fighting infections is mainly the role of white blood cells, and hormone production and digestion are functions of endocrine organs and the gastrointestinal system, respectively.
Category reason: This question tests the normal function of a blood cell type (oxygen transport via hemoglobin), which is a foundational body-function concept best classified under Physiology.

Question 39

Percentage of bilirubin production from old RBCs is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  80% About 80% of bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of senescent (old) red blood cells by the reticuloendothelial system (especially spleen, liver, and bone marrow). Hemoglobin heme is converted to biliverdin and then to unconjugated bilirubin, which is transported to the liver for conjugation and excretion. The remaining bilirubin production comes from turnover of other heme-containing proteins (e.g., myoglobin, cytochromes).
Category reason: This asks about the physiologic source of bilirubin production from RBC breakdown, which is a foundational body-function concept in physiology (heme metabolism and bilirubin formation).

Question 40

Which acid is found in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  Hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is the primary acid secreted by gastric parietal cells and is responsible for the low pH of gastric juice. This acidic environment helps denature proteins, activates pepsinogen to pepsin, and provides protection against ingested pathogens. The other listed acids are not normally secreted in the stomach as part of human digestion.
Category reason: This question tests normal gastric secretion and the function of stomach acid, which is a core concept in human physiology.

Question 41

Which mineral is necessary to control heartbeat?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  Potassium Potassium is the key intracellular electrolyte that helps regulate cardiac electrical activity, including repolarization and conduction, thereby influencing heart rhythm. Abnormal potassium levels (hypokalemia or hyperkalemia) can cause arrhythmias and potentially life-threatening changes on ECG. While sodium contributes to depolarization and fluid balance, potassium is most directly associated with maintaining a stable heartbeat.
Category reason: This question tests a foundational concept of how electrolytes regulate cardiac electrical function, which is a core topic in Physiology rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 42

What is the normal pH range of human blood?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  7.35 – 7.45 Normal arterial blood pH is tightly regulated around 7.40, with an accepted physiologic range of 7.35–7.45. Values below 7.35 indicate acidemia and above 7.45 indicate alkalemia, reflecting acid–base imbalance. The other ranges listed are incompatible with life or represent significant derangements rather than normal homeostasis.
Category reason: This question tests normal acid–base homeostasis and physiologic ranges of blood pH, which is a core Physiology concept rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization scenario.

Question 43

Time required to complete one cardiac cycle

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  0.8 sec A normal resting heart rate is about 75 beats per minute, so each beat (one cardiac cycle) lasts roughly 60/75 ≈ 0.8 seconds. This aligns with typical phase durations (atrial systole ~0.1 s, ventricular systole ~0.3 s, and diastole ~0.4 s). The other options are either too short for a normal resting cycle (0.2, 0.7 s) or too long (1.8 s).
Category reason: This asks for the normal duration of the cardiac cycle, a foundational concept describing heart function and timing, which is part of Physiology.

Question 44

Sequence of puberty in boys is usually?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  Testicular enlargement → Pubic hair → Growth spurt → Voice change Testicular enlargement is typically the first sign of true puberty in boys, reflecting activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and rising testosterone. Pubic hair generally follows as androgen effects become more apparent. The peak height velocity (growth spurt) occurs later, and voice deepening usually occurs relatively late as the larynx enlarges under androgen influence. Therefore option A best matches the usual sequence.
Category reason: This item tests the normal physiological sequence of male pubertal changes rather than a nursing intervention or care decision, so it fits Physiology under NursingScience.

Question 45

Which organ stores excess glucose in the form of glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  Liver The liver is the primary organ that converts excess blood glucose into glycogen for storage (glycogenesis) and later breaks it down to maintain blood glucose between meals (glycogenolysis). While skeletal muscle also stores glycogen, it is primarily for local muscle use and is not listed among the options. The pancreas regulates glucose via insulin and glucagon secretion but is not a major glycogen storage organ.
Category reason: This question tests the body’s metabolic handling and storage of glucose (glycogenesis and glycogen storage), which is a core Physiology concept rather than a nursing intervention scenario.

Question 46

Total blood volume of a newborn at birth is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  100 ml/kg A term newborn’s estimated blood volume is about 80–100 mL/kg, with many nursing/physiology references using ~85–90 mL/kg; among the given choices, 100 mL/kg is the best match. 80 mL/kg is more typical for older children/adults and can underestimate neonatal circulating volume. 125 and 150 mL/kg are higher than standard estimates and would overstate expected blood volume at birth.
Category reason: This question tests normal physiologic parameters (estimated neonatal blood volume per kg) rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization, so it best fits Physiology.

Question 47

Hemorrhage tendency occurs due to deficiency of:

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  Vitamin K Vitamin K is required for hepatic gamma-carboxylation of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X (and proteins C and S), enabling normal coagulation. Deficiency leads to impaired clotting and a bleeding/hemorrhagic tendency with prolonged PT/INR. Vitamins A, D, and E do not primarily cause defective coagulation factor activation in this way (though very high vitamin E intake can increase bleeding risk, it is not the classic deficiency cause).
Category reason: This item tests foundational understanding of blood coagulation and the physiologic role of vitamins in activating clotting factors, which is a basic physiology concept rather than a nursing care decision.

Question 48

Enzyme in saliva is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  Amylase Salivary glands secrete salivary amylase (ptyalin), which begins carbohydrate digestion by breaking down starch into smaller sugars in the mouth. Lipase is mainly gastric/lingual and pancreatic for fat digestion. Pepsin is a gastric enzyme, and trypsin is a pancreatic protease active in the small intestine.
Category reason: This question tests normal digestive enzyme secretion and function in the oral cavity, which is a core concept of human physiology rather than nursing care decision-making.

Question 49

What is the initial phase of wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Inflammation Wound healing begins with the inflammatory phase immediately after injury, characterized by hemostasis (clot formation) and an influx of inflammatory cells to clean the wound and prevent infection. This phase sets the stage for later tissue formation. Proliferation follows with granulation tissue, angiogenesis, and epithelialization, while maturation/remodeling occurs last with collagen reorganization and increased tensile strength.
Category reason: The question tests the sequence and physiologic phases of wound healing (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling), which is foundational body-process knowledge rather than a nursing intervention scenario, so it fits Physiology.

Question 50

The nurse is caring for a client with a suspected diagnosis of hypercalcemia. Which sign/symptom is an indication of this electrolyte imbalance?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Generalized muscle weakness. Hypercalcemia decreases neuromuscular excitability, commonly causing muscle weakness, fatigue, and decreased deep tendon reflexes. In contrast, twitching and a positive Trousseau's sign are classic findings of hypocalcemia due to increased neuromuscular irritability. Hypercalcemia is also associated with decreased GI motility (hypoactive bowel sounds/constipation), not hyperactive bowel sounds.
Category reason: This item tests the physiologic effects of an electrolyte disturbance (hypercalcemia) on neuromuscular and gastrointestinal function, which is foundational body-function knowledge rather than a nursing intervention or prioritization task.

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The percentage of water in the average adult human body is ?????

Muscles get tried when there is shortfall of....?

Which carries oxygen in the blood.....?

Flushed skin is seen in?

Which organ Produces urea?

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating heartbeat and breathing?

Not a stage of Mitosis?

Temperature in human body is controlled by....?

Lack of oxygen is known as......?

What is the purpose of the appendix in the human body?

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

The pH Of blood is -??

One Example of isotonic Solution is ;????

Urea is produced in human...?

What percent of human body is water ...?

Blood volume in average adult is...?

What is the primary mechanism by which olfactory receptor neurons adapt to persistent odors?

What is the primary role of iron in the human body?

The symptoms of severe dehydration in an adult include all of the following Except :- ???

Liver stores food in the form of

The function of haemoglobin in the body is....?

Which organs produces the enzyme lipase?

What is said to be the hardest working muscle in the human body?

Nerve cells helps in...

Cardiac cycle needs how many much time to Complete....??

Which blood vessel carries oxygen-rich blood to the heart not away?

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

Total amount of blood in Human body is...?

FEVER IS CAUSED BY?

Most essential substance for Brain Cells to work is...?

Which process describes the movement of water molecules from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential through a selectively permeable membrane?

Which organ produces insulin and digestive enzymes?

Immediate source of energy for the muscle contraction is?

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating vital functions such as heartbeat and breathing?

Which hormone is produced by the kidneys to regulate red blood cell production?

Q. Vomitting centre is Situated in the....?????

Q. Primary function of the Liver?

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

Percentage of bilirubin production from old RBCs is?

Which acid is found in the stomach?

Which mineral is necessary to control heartbeat?

What is the normal pH range of human blood?

Time required to complete one cardiac cycle

Sequence of puberty in boys is usually?

Which organ stores excess glucose in the form of glycogen?

Total blood volume of a newborn at birth is?

Hemorrhage tendency occurs due to deficiency of:

Enzyme in saliva is?

What is the initial phase of wound healing?

The nurse is caring for a client with a suspected diagnosis of hypercalcemia. Which sign/symptom is an indication of this electrolyte imbalance?

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