Question 1

The nurse is caring for a client with a radium implant for the treatment of cervical cancer. While caring for the client with a radioactive implant, the nurse should?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Care of clients receiving internal radiation follows the principles of time, distance, and shielding. Staff wear dosimeter badges to track occupational radiation exposure during care; time in the room is minimized, and items used by the client are not radioactive when a sealed source is used.

Question 2

A client with vaginal cancer is being treated with a radioactive vaginal implant. The client's husband asks the nurse whether he can spend the night with his wife. The nurse should explain that?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: With intracavitary radiation (vaginal implant), the radiation safety principles of time, distance, and shielding apply. Visitor exposure is limited—typically to no more than about 30 minutes per day—so Option D best reflects required precautions.

Question 3

How do we handle a specimen container labelled with a yellow hazard sticker?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A yellow hazard sticker indicates a high-risk biohazard specimen. Use appropriate PPE and clearly mark it as high-risk before routine laboratory transport; no incident report or special blue bag is required.

Question 4

What is the best method of refuse disposal?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Incineration (burning), landfilling/dumping, and composting are all accepted methods for refuse disposal; the best approach depends on the waste type and context, so the inclusive option is correct.

Question 5

A client with cervical cancer has a radioactive implant. Which statement indicates that the client understands the nurse's teaching about radioactive implants?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: With intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer, the client is on bedrest and an indwelling urinary catheter is used to prevent implant displacement. Visitors are allowed with restrictions, not prohibited; bedside commode use is not permitted; side effects can occur.

Question 6

Waste from laboratory cultures and specimens of micro organisms are discarded in-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Biomedical waste from microbiology labs (cultures, stocks, and specimens of microorganisms) is segregated into the yellow bag for incineration/treatment. Red is for contaminated recyclables, blue for glassware, and black for general waste.

Question 7

A nurse is preparing to mix and administer chemotherapy. What equipment would be unnecessary to obtain?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: When handling chemotherapy, required items include chemo-appropriate gloves, a disposable long-sleeved gown, and Luer-Lok IV tubing to prevent leaks. A surgical hat cover is not necessary for mixing or administering chemo.

Question 8

What is the priority nursing action when caring for a client who has a radium implant for cancer of the cervix?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: For a client with a sealed radium implant, nursing safety uses time, distance, and shielding. Wearing a lead-lined apron provides shielding during care. Body fluids are not radioactive (so no special urine storage), visitor limits are typically 30 minutes and 6 feet away, and injection site choice is unrelated.

Question 9

Which of the following is the most important initial care when chemical burn is suspected?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: For chemical burns, the priority is immediate copious irrigation with water for 20–30 minutes to dilute and remove the chemical and limit tissue damage. Other actions are secondary.

Question 10

While caring for a client with cervical cancer, the nurse notes that the radioactive implant is lying in the bed. The nurse should?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A dislodged brachytherapy source should be handled with long forceps/tongs and placed in a lead-lined container to minimize radiation exposure. Do not touch with hands, have the client reinsert it, or discard it in the toilet.

Question 11

Which nurse should not be assigned to care for the client with a radium implant for vaginal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Pregnant staff should not care for clients with internal radiation (radium implant) due to fetal radiation exposure risk. The other options do not pose a specific contraindication.

Question 12

Non-infectious material is kept in which color bag?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In biomedical waste segregation, non-infectious general waste is disposed of in the black bag; blue, red, and yellow are designated for infectious categories.

Question 13

The nurse is caring for the client with a 5-year-old diagnosis of plumbism. Which information in the health history is most likely related to the development of plumbism?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Plumbism is lead poisoning. Stained-glass work uses lead and can bring lead dust home on clothing, creating a significant exposure risk for children. A house built in 1990 is after lead paint was banned (1978), travel is not a typical risk factor, and number of siblings is unrelated.

Question 14

A client with bladder cancer is being treated with iridium seed implants. The nurse’s discharge teaching should include telling the client to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: With internal radiation seed implants, a seed can occasionally dislodge and be passed in the urine; straining permits retrieval and safe handling. Extra fluids are not required for sealed sources, urinary frequency is an expected effect, and avoiding prolonged sitting is unnecessary.

Question 15

A nursing assistant assigned to care for a client receiving linear accelerator radium therapy for laryngeal cancer states, "I don’t want to be assigned to that radioactive patient." The best response by the nurse is to?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: External-beam radiation from a linear accelerator does not make the client radioactive. The appropriate response is to reassure and educate the assistant; badges or lead aprons are unnecessary for routine care.

Question 16

Where should BMW (Biomedical Waste) be discarded?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Biomedical waste—especially sharps—must be discarded in a puncture-proof, leak-proof container to prevent injury and contamination; color bins are for other specific categories.

Question 17

Which method is safe for disposal of mercury?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Mercury is a hazardous material; it should be carefully collected with a spill kit and stored in a sealed container for recycling/reuse. Burying, autoclaving, or chemical treatment are unsafe or inappropriate disposal methods.

Question 18

In which color bag should waste from laboratory cultures and specimens of microorganisms be discarded?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Laboratory cultures and specimens are highly infectious biomedical waste. Per color-coding, such microbiology waste is placed in yellow bags for incineration (after required pre-treatment).

Question 19

A child is diagnosed with poison ivy. The mother tells the nurse that she does not know how her child contracted the rash since he had not been playing in wooded areas. As the nurse asks questions about possible contact, which of the following would the nurse recognize as highest risk for exposure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Burning poison ivy releases urushiol in the smoke, which can cause widespread exposure and dermatitis. The other options do not involve significant urushiol exposure; poison ivy is not spread person-to-person.

Question 20

In which color container should infected and soiled dressings be discarded?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Infected and soiled dressings are considered soiled biomedical waste and should be placed in yellow bags/containers designated for infectious, blood- or body fluid–contaminated materials.

Question 21

The nurse is caring for a patient during a radium implant. During the removal of the implant, it is MOST important for the nurse to take which of the following actions?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Radiation safety prioritizes time, distance, and shielding. The source should be handled minimally with long forceps (and gloves for body fluid protection). Cleaning or double-bagging the source is inappropriate; documentation is important but not the priority during removal.

Question 22

Infectious sharp non-waste is collected in which color bag?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In biomedical waste segregation, infectious sharps are placed in a white (translucent), puncture-proof, leak-proof container. Red is for contaminated recyclable plastics; yellow is for incineration waste; black is for general/discarded waste.

Question 23

What is the permissible level of radiation exposure per year for occupational exposure?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The annual occupational whole‑body dose limit is about 5 rem (50 mSv); for x- and gamma-radiation this corresponds to ~5 rad.

Question 24

Which is NOT a physical agent?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cold, heat, and noise are physical agents; acid is a chemical agent (corrosive), so it is not a physical agent.

Question 25

Ms. Smith is admitted for internal radiation for cancer of the cervix. The nurse knows the client understands the procedure when she makes which of the following remarks the night before the procedure? She says to her husband,?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: During intracavitary (sealed-source) radiation, visitors must follow time–distance–shielding precautions; pregnant visitors should not enter. Option 2 reflects correct understanding. Option 3 is incorrect because sealed implants do not leave residual radiation once removed. Option 1 is irrelevant to the procedure, and option 4 suggests activity; the client will be on strict bed rest with minimal movement to prevent displacement.

Question 26

A nurse is providing a parenting class to individuals living in a community of older homes. In discussing formula preparation, which of the following is most important to prevent lead poisoning?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Lead can leach from old pipes into standing water. Flushing the cold tap for several minutes reduces lead content; boiling concentrates lead and bottled water claims are unreliable.

Question 27

When parents call the emergency room to report that a toddler has swallowed drain cleaner, the nurse instructs them to call for emergency transport to the hospital. While waiting for an ambulance, the BEST action the nurse would suggest to the parents is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Drain cleaner is a caustic substance. Do not induce vomiting or give carbonated beverages or milk, which can worsen injury. Small amounts of water help dilute the corrosive agent while awaiting definitive care.

Question 28

Placenta is discarded in?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Placenta is human anatomical waste. Biomedical waste guidelines specify that tissues, organs, and body parts (including placenta) are segregated into the yellow bag/bin for incineration or deep burial. Red bins are for contaminated recyclable plastics, white is for sharps, and green is for general non-hazardous waste. Therefore, placenta is discarded in the yellow bin.

Question 29

Infected bandage discard in which bag-?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Infected bandages are considered soiled biomedical waste contaminated with blood or body fluids. According to color-coded biomedical waste segregation, soiled dressings are placed in the yellow bag for incineration or deep burial. Red is for contaminated recyclable plastics (e.g., tubing, IV sets), blue is for glassware/metal implants, and black is for general or nonhazardous waste in some systems. Therefore, the correct disposal for an infected bandage is the yellow bag.

Question 30

Which scanning procedure is safe in Obstetric practice?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Ultrasound (sonography) uses non-ionizing sound waves and is the standard, safest imaging modality for evaluating the fetus and pregnancy. CT and X-ray involve ionizing radiation, which should be avoided in pregnancy unless absolutely necessary due to fetal risk. MRI does not use ionizing radiation and is generally considered safe, but it is reserved for specific indications; ultrasound remains the first-line safe scan in obstetric practice.

Question 31

In cold chain, temperature maintained in ice-lined refrigerator is?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: An ice-lined refrigerator (ILR) used in the vaccine cold chain is designed to keep vaccines within the recommended refrigerated range of 2°C to 8°C. This range preserves vaccine potency by preventing both heat damage and freezing injury (which can inactivate freeze-sensitive vaccines). Temperatures like 0–2°C risk freezing some vaccines, while -20°C is reserved for freezer storage of specific vaccines and not standard ILR operation. Therefore, 2°C to 8°C is the correct maintenance range.

Question 32

Nurse Parker is caring for Mrs. Davis, who is undergoing treatment for vaginal cancer with a radioactive vaginal implant. Mr. Davis asks if he can stay overnight with his wife. How should Nurse Parker respond?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A radioactive vaginal implant is an internal radiation source, so visitors must have restricted exposure time to reduce radiation dose (time–distance–shielding principles). Limiting visitation duration is a standard safety measure to protect family members and the public. The nurse should provide accurate, safety-focused guidance rather than dismissing the request or citing generic policy without explanation. Therefore, limiting visitation to a short, specified time is the best response.

Question 33

Cytotoxic and expired drugs are disposed by?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Cytotoxic medications are hazardous pharmaceutical waste and should be destroyed in a way that prevents environmental contamination and human exposure. High-temperature incineration is a standard, recommended method because it effectively destroys active drug compounds. Autoclaving and chemical disinfection target microorganisms and do not reliably inactivate cytotoxic chemicals, and dumping is unsafe and prohibited.

Question 34

A nurse accidentally pricks themselves with a used needle and decides not to report it out of fear. What’s the main risk?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The primary danger of not reporting a needlestick is delaying time-sensitive post-exposure evaluation and prophylaxis (e.g., baseline labs, source testing, and initiation of HIV PEP when indicated). Early management reduces the risk of occupational transmission of bloodborne pathogens such as HIV, HBV, and HCV. Nonreporting also delays follow-up testing and counseling, increasing the likelihood of missed infection and worse outcomes. The other options describe social or emotional consequences, but they do not outweigh the clinical safety risk of delayed post-exposure care.

Question 35

Yellow color code is used for which type of hospital waste?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In biomedical waste segregation, the yellow bag/container is designated for anatomical waste and other incinerable infectious waste, including human tissues and body parts. This category is managed separately because it requires specific treatment (typically incineration or deep burial where permitted) to reduce infection risk and ensure safe disposal. Glassware is typically placed in a separate blue/white container, plastics in red, and sharps in a puncture-proof white/translucent container. Therefore, the best answer is body parts.

Question 36

An employer who fails to provide sufficient gloves for the employees may be fined by the?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) enforces workplace safety standards and can issue citations and monetary penalties for failure to provide required personal protective equipment such as gloves. CDC provides public health guidance but does not fine employers. FDA regulates food, drugs, and medical devices, and NFPA publishes fire safety codes; neither is the primary federal agency that fines employers for PPE noncompliance.

Question 37

Red bag in biomedical waste is for?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Red bags are used for infectious (biohazard) waste that is contaminated with blood/body fluids and requires special handling and disposal. Soiled/infected linen is appropriately placed in a red biohazard bag to prevent exposure and cross-contamination. Sharps and needles must go into puncture-resistant sharps containers, not soft red bags. Glassware is generally disposed in rigid containers and only considered infectious if contaminated, but it still should not be placed loose in a red bag due to puncture risk.

Question 38

The best method for refuse disposal is...?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason:  All of the above Refuse disposal includes several accepted methods depending on the type of waste and local regulations. Burning can reduce volume and destroy pathogens for certain wastes, dumping/landfill disposal is used for non-hazardous solid waste, and composting is appropriate for biodegradable organic refuse. Since the question asks generally for methods of refuse disposal without specifying waste type, the option that encompasses these methods is the best answer.

Question 39

A nurse is caring for an infant receiving ribavirin (Virazole). Which of the following would be concerning for the nurse in planning care for an infant receiving this medication?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A pregnant aunt will be staying with the infant over the next 12 hours Ribavirin is an aerosolized antiviral that can pose teratogenic risk with exposure, so pregnant individuals (or those who could be pregnant) should avoid contact with the medication and the treatment environment. Ensuring visitors use appropriate PPE (mask/goggles, gloves) is a safety measure, and avoiding the room during administration reduces exposure. The presence of a pregnant relative who may be exposed is therefore the most concerning finding and requires immediate visitor restrictions and education.

Question 40

True or False A patient with a latex allergy should avoid bananas and avocados.?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: True Latex-fruit syndrome is a well-described cross-reactivity pattern where patients with natural rubber latex allergy may react to certain fruits, especially banana and avocado (also kiwi, chestnut, etc.). Avoidance counseling reduces the risk of allergic reactions ranging from oral allergy symptoms to anaphylaxis. Patients should be advised to monitor for symptoms and discuss individualized dietary avoidance and allergy action planning with their clinician/allergist.

Question 41

A home care nurse has completed a home assessment. Of the following findings, which should be reported to service providers immediately?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: A natural gas odor indicates a potential gas leak, which is an immediate life-threatening hazard due to risk of fire or explosion and possible hypoxia. This requires urgent action to protect the client and household, including notifying appropriate emergency/utility services so the source can be secured. The other findings reflect important health and social concerns but do not pose the same immediate, time-critical danger.

Question 42

Which organization created the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: The Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act is implemented through workplace safety regulations that require employers to use engineering controls (e.g., safety-engineered sharps) and to maintain an exposure control plan to reduce occupational bloodborne pathogen risk. OSHA enforces these requirements via the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, including responsibilities for evaluating and adopting safer medical devices and documenting exposure incidents. The other listed organizations provide accreditation or public health guidance, but they do not regulate employer compliance in the same way.

Question 43

A nurse is planning care for a client who has a sealed radiation implant and is to remain in the hospital for 1 week. Which of the following should the nurse include in the plan of care?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Radiation safety for sealed implants prioritizes staff exposure monitoring and minimizing dose by time, distance, and shielding. A dosimeter film badge tracks cumulative occupational exposure and should be worn when caring for the client. The other options include incorrect safety parameters (distance and visitor time) or contain an unnecessary/incorrect linen-handling detail compared with standard radiation precautions.

Question 44

Yellow color code is used for which type of hospital waste ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: g., incineration). Yellow bags/containers are designated for anatomical/pathological waste such as human tissues and body parts because these require high-level destruction due to infectious and ethical considerations. In contrast, plastics are typically routed to a different color category for disinfection and recycling, and sharps go to puncture-proof sharps containers. Selecting yellow for anatomical waste aligns with standard infection-control waste-management protocols used in hospitals.

Question 45

The colour of bag in which the infectious solid wastes are disposed is ?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: g., incineration) appropriately. Infectious solid waste is categorized as infectious waste and is placed in yellow bags/containers in standard biomedical waste color-coding used in many nursing curricula and hospital policies. This prevents mixing with general waste streams, limiting exposure risk to staff, patients, and waste handlers. Black is typically reserved for general/non-infectious waste, while red/blue are commonly used for other specific biomedical categories rather than infectious solids.

Question 46

Yellow colour code is used for which type of hospital waste?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Yellow bags/containers are designated for infectious anatomical waste and other incinerable waste, including human tissues and body parts. This category requires high-level containment and disposal (e.g., incineration/deep burial) due to high bioburden and contamination potential. In contrast, sharps require puncture-proof containers (commonly white/translucent), and glassware is typically handled separately (often blue), so they do not match the yellow category here.

Question 47

You are responsible for reviewing the nursing unit’s refrigerator. Which of the following drug, if found inside the fridge, should be removed?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: In-use (opened) insulin vials are generally stored at controlled room temperature to reduce discomfort on injection and to avoid temperature-related problems such as altered suspension characteristics in NPH preparations. Refrigerators in clinical units have frequent door openings and temperature fluctuations, which can compromise product integrity and increase medication error risk when suspensions are not consistently stored and mixed. By contrast, certain biologics and reconstituted thrombolytics commonly require refrigeration prior to use, and many facilities store unopened insulin in the refrigerator. Therefore the opened, in-use NPH insulin is the item that should be removed from the unit refrigerator and stored per in-use labeling/policy.

Question 48

Needle with scalpels disposed in which container?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: Under standard biomedical waste segregation, these items are placed in the designated sharps container to prevent needle-stick injuries during handling and transport. The white (translucent) container is specifically used for waste sharps including metals like needles and scalpels. Using other color bins increases handling exposure and is unsafe because they are not designed to be puncture resistant for sharps.

Question 49

The NFPA diamond has four colors. The blue diamond?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: NFPA 704 is a standardized hazard communication system where each color conveys a specific type of risk. The blue quadrant specifically rates health hazards (toxicity, irritant effects, and potential for acute/chronic injury) to guide safe handling and PPE selection. Firefighting suitability such as water reactivity is not represented by the blue section; flammability is red and special hazards are white. Because the question asks what the blue diamond means, the health-hazard designation is the only option aligned with the NFPA color code.

Question 50

Which of the following is an example of an environmental hazard that may put the nurse at risk of injury?

Accepted Answer

Answer reason: g., noise), biologic/allergenic exposures (e.g., latex aerosolization), and chemical sterilants/toxins (e.g., ethylene oxide). Loud mechanical noise can contribute to hearing injury and stress-related effects when exposure is significant or prolonged. Airborne latex powder can trigger sensitization and allergic reactions, including asthma or anaphylaxis in sensitized staff. Ethylene oxide is a recognized occupational hazard due to respiratory irritation and other toxic effects, requiring strict controls and monitoring; therefore each listed exposure qualifies as an environmental hazard.

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