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Health Promotion And Maintenance Flashcards

Focus your NCLEX-RN®/PN® prep on prevention, screening, and patient education with high-yield flashcards for health promotion. Practice growth & development, immunizations, prenatal care, nutrition, and community-level interventions that appear frequently on the exam. Use these cards to master anticipatory guidance and evidence-based screening so you can promote wellness and prevent complications confidently.

Part 1

[{"q":"Teach Antabuse patients to avoid?","a":"Alcohol."},{"q":"Other things to avoid with Antabuse?","a":"Elixirs \/ Vanilla extract \/ Aftershave & perfumes \/ Alcohol hand sanitizer \/ Insect repellent \/ Mouthwash \/ Vinaigrette"},{"q":"“Supra” means?","a":"Above."},{"q":"Sick diabetic teaching?","a":"Take insulin \/ Sip fluids \/ Stay active."},{"q":"Children under 4 should not have?","a":"Small toys."},{"q":"If a child has O2, what toys are contraindicated?","a":"Metal toys."},{"q":"Best toy for a 0–6 month old?","a":"Musical mobile (remove at 6 months or if the child can sit)."},{"q":"2nd best toy for a 0–6 month old?","a":"Anything soft and large."},{"q":"Best toy for a 6–9 month old?","a":"Cover\/uncover toys (peek-a-boo)."},{"q":"2nd best toy for a 6–9 month old?","a":"Anything large they can't swallow."},{"q":"Best toy for a 9–12 month old?","a":"Talking toys."},{"q":"2nd best toy for a 9–12 month old?","a":"Purposeful activities (rolling ball back and forth)."},{"q":"5 words to avoid in toy questions under 9 months?","a":"Build, make, construct, sort, stack."},{"q":"Best toy for a toddler (1–3 yrs)?","a":"Push\/pull toys."},{"q":"What should you work on with a toddler?","a":"Gross motor skills."},{"q":"Toddler play is characterized by?","a":"Parallel play."},{"q":"What 2 things to work on with preschooler (3–6 yrs)?","a":"Fine motor (fingers), balance (dance, gymnastics)."},{"q":"What sort of play do preschoolers prefer?","a":"Pretend play."},{"q":"Preschooler play is characterized by?","a":"Cooperative play."},{"q":"School age (7–11 yrs) play is characterized by 3 C's?","a":"Creative (blank paper, no coloring book), collecting, competitive."},{"q":"Naegele’s rule for due date?","a":"LMP + 7 days – 3 months."},{"q":"Normal pregnancy weight gain?","a":"28 ± 3 lb."},{"q":"1st trimester weight gain?","a":"1 lb\/month."},{"q":"2nd\/3rd trimester weight gain?","a":"1 lb\/week."},{"q":"Fundus palpable at week?","a":"12."},{"q":"Fundus at umbilicus at week?","a":"20–22."},{"q":"If fundus not above umbilicus, baby not?","a":"Viable."},{"q":"Positive signs of pregnancy?","a":"Fetal skeleton (X-ray) \/ Fetal presence (US) \/ FHR auscultation \/ Examiner palpates fetal movement."},{"q":"Probable\/presumptive pregnancy signs?","a":"Urine & blood tests."},{"q":"Chadwick’s sign?","a":"Cervical cyanosis."},{"q":"Goodell’s sign?","a":"Cervical softening."},{"q":"Hegar’s sign?","a":"Uterine softening."},{"q":"Prenatal visit frequency (monthly)?","a":"Until 28 weeks."},{"q":"Visit frequency every 2 weeks?","a":"28–36 weeks."},{"q":"Visit frequency weekly?","a":"36–42 weeks."},{"q":"Is mild anemia in pregnancy normal?","a":"Yes."},{"q":"Pregnant women should void how often (pregnancy–6 weeks PP)?","a":"q2h."},{"q":"Teaching for Baclofen\/Flexeril?","a":"No driving or operating machinery \/ No alcohol \/ Do not care for children under 12 years."},{"q":"Mnemonic for Baclofen?","a":"\"On Baclofen you're back loafin’.\""},{"q":"Nursing teaching in sensorimotor stage?","a":"Teach while doing it \/ What you are doing \/ Use verbal teaching."},{"q":"Nursing teaching in pre-operational stage?","a":"Teach day-of \/ What you will do \/ Use play."},{"q":"Nursing teaching in concrete operational stage?","a":"Teach ahead of time \/ What you will do \/ Use visuals, audio, age-appropriate reading."}]

Part 2

[{"q":"What are some foods high in potassium?","a":"Bananas, dried fruits, melons, baked potatoes, greens, strawberries."},{"q":"On what day of the menstrual cycle should a woman complete a self-breast exam and why?","a":"Days 7-12; least amount of swelling and tenderness."},{"q":"Why do testicular exams need to be done monthly?","a":"Because these tumors grow fast."},{"q":"Why should the testicular exam be done in the shower?","a":"Testicles descend with the warmth of the shower, thereby promoting a better exam."},{"q":"How can a high-fiber diet benefit a diabetic patient?","a":"Helps maintain steady blood sugar levels by slowing the absorption of glucose in the GI tract and preventing glucose spikes."},{"q":"How can this complication be prevented?","a":"Inform the patient to eat; take insulin regularly; eat healthy snacks."},{"q":"What is the most important thing to teach your patient about Buerger’s disease or Raynaud’s disease—to avoid the?","a":"Cause"},{"q":"Explain the skin test for TB?","a":"An intradermal injection is given, and a wheal should form. If a wheal does not form, the test has to be repeated."},{"q":"When a patient has CAPD for their renal failure, why do they have to increase protein and fiber in their diet?","a":"This patient needs protein because protein can leak into the peritoneal cavity during the procedure. The patient needs fiber because of the constipation problems they have due to decreased peristalsis."},{"q":"What is the number one thing you need to remember with kidney stones?","a":"Fluids, fluids, fluids"},{"q":"What are some things you would teach a hemophiliac in regard to day-to-day living?","a":"Avoid trauma; ibuprofen is fine for minor aches and pains; avoid forceful nose blowing, coughing, and straining; use an electric razor and soft toothbrush."},{"q":"What diet changes should the gout patient make?","a":"Decrease proteins and purines. Need to eat alkaline ash foods like milk, potatoes, and citruses."},{"q":"Why is it so important that the gout patient drink lots of fluids, decrease alcohol, and avoid becoming dehydrated?","a":"To flush out the uric acid crystals. Alcohol promotes diuresis and when you become dehydrated, uric acid crystals tend to accumulate and promote an attack."},{"q":"If a patient has been diagnosed with a concussion, what things should you teach before they go home?","a":"Be aware of S\/S such as difficulty awakening or speaking, confusion, severe headaches, vomiting, pulse changes, unequal pupils, or one-sided weakness."},{"q":"Is it okay for a concussion patient to go home alone?","a":"No"},{"q":"What are the dietary changes needed for the pancreatitis patient?","a":"Clear liquids, increase food slowly, no stimulating food, frequent small meals, high carbohydrates for energy."},{"q":"Explain what you would teach a peptic ulcer patient about diet?","a":"Eat what you can tolerate but avoid extra spicy foods."},{"q":"List presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy.","a":"a. Presumptive signs: amenorrhea, N\/V, frequency, breast tenderness b. Probable signs: positive pregnancy test, Goodell’s sign, Chadwick’s sign. Hegar’s sign, uterine enlargement, Braxton Hick’s contractions, Pigmentation\/changes of the skin: Linea nigra, abdominal striae, facial chloasma, darkening of the areola c. Positive signs: fetal heartbeat, fetal movement felt by experienced examiner, ultrasound"},{"q":"When teaching a pregnant client about exercise what heart rate do you tell her not to get above when exercising? And why?","a":"140 because it decreases cardiac output and uterine perfusion"},{"q":"The client should be taught to be alert for what danger signs during pregnancy?","a":"Sudden gush of vaginal fluid, bleeding, persistent vomiting, severe headache, abdominal pain, increase temps, edema, no fetal movement."},{"q":"What signs of true labor would the nurse teach the client?","a":"Regular contractions, contractions increase in frequency and duration, discomfort in back radiating around the abdomen, pain level increases with a change in activity."},{"q":"When you assess tachycardia in a postpartum client, what should you think?","a":"hemorrhage"},{"q":"What should the nurse do when palpating the postpartum client’s fundus that is boggy? And why?","a":"massage it until firm to control bleeding and check for bladder distention"},{"q":"The nurse teaching a group of pregnant clients about breast feeding would include what important points?","a":"Cleanse with warm water after each feeding; let air dry, support bra, ointment for soreness or express some colostrum and let it dry, breast pads to absorb moisture, initiate breast feeding ASA after birth, if breast feeding interrupted, mom can pump, increase calorie intake by 500 calories, fluid\/milk intake 8-10 eight ounce glasses\/day."},{"q":"What assessments are scored with the Apgar and when is it done?","a":"Heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflex irritability, color; 1 and 5 minutes"},{"q":"Hurst Review Services 1","a":"Complications of Maternity"},{"q":"What is the first sign of an ectopic pregnancy?","a":"pain"},{"q":"What are the two priorities in the treatment of Abruptio placenta?","a":"manage fetus status and maternal shock"},{"q":"List treatments for the client with Hyperemesis Gravidarum.","a":"NPO for 48 hours, IVFs about 3000 mL for 1st 24 hours, antiemetic, vitamins, quiet environment\/not close to nurse’s lounge, oral hygiene, don’t talk about food, keep emesis basin out of sight, 6-8 small, dry feedings followed by clear liquids, should be icy cold or steaming hot, well-ventilated room"},{"q":"By definition, preeclampsia involves what assessment data?","a":"increase BP, proteinuria, edema after 20th week"},{"q":"Why do the face and hands of the preeclamptic client swell?","a":"the client is losing protein and albumin is protein, fluid doesn’t stay in vascular space it leaks into the tissues"},{"q":"Why is betamethasone (Celestone) given to the mom in preterm labor?","a":"To stimulate maturation of the baby’s lungs in case preterm birth occurs."},{"q":"Why is it important to check FHT’s when membranes rupture, either artificially or spontaneously?","a":"prolapsed cord can occur when the presenting part is not engaged"},{"q":"When are pregnant clients routinely assessed for GBS risk factors?","a":"cultured around 35-37 weeks and on admission to L&D"},{"q":"Hurst Review Services 1","a":"Pediatrics"},{"q":"What is the order of obtaining vital signs in the pediatric client?","a":"Least invasive first; observe before touching or even talking with them. Resp. rate, heart rate, blood pressure, temp"},{"q":"At what stage do children begin to use language to express thoughts?","a":"toddler"},{"q":"Discuss nursing strategies that could be used to communicate with a child with developmental disabilities.","a":"use of gestures, writing boards, head nods, eye blinks"},{"q":"Why might nebulized epinephrine be used to treat LTB? What should you observe for after its use?","a":"constricts edematous blood vessels"},{"q":"Why is it so important to recognize signs and symptoms of RSV quickly?","a":"It is important to know the onset S\/S because the disease will becomes worse at day 2-3. S\/S can range from mild to severe; can go from cough, runny nose with copious amounts of mucous, to severe respiratory distress."},{"q":"Why is the child with Cystic Fibrosis at risk for hyponatremia?","a":"the child is losing sodium on their skin"},{"q":"Why do we need to feed the pediatric client with heart failure when they are well rested, when they wake up and are showing signs of hunger, and before they start crying?","a":"crying increases the workload on the heart, and eating tires the client with HF"},{"q":"Why should an infant with a cleft lip and palate be burped frequently?","a":"because they swallow a lot of air that puts them at risk for abdominal distention which puts them at risk for vomiting and aspiration"},{"q":"Why is the child, post tonsillectomy, positioned on their side, or head of bed elevated, or prone?","a":"to help prevent aspiration"},{"q":"Why would we want the child with Otitis Media to lie on the affected side?","a":"helps relieve pain"}]

Health Promotion and Maintenance – Pregnancy, Prenatal, and Newborn Development

[{"q":"What does “lightening” mean during pregnancy?","a":"Lightening is the settling of the fetal head into the pelvic brim, usually occurring 2 weeks before delivery in first pregnancies, leading to easier breathing but increased urination."},{"q":"What is quickening?","a":"Quickening refers to the first fetal movements felt by the mother, typically between 16 and 19 weeks of gestation."},{"q":"What is the function of the placenta?","a":"The placenta acts as the fetus’s respiratory and metabolic organ, facilitating oxygen and nutrient exchange between mother and baby."},{"q":"What is the primary purpose of prenatal visits?","a":"Prenatal visits allow assessment of maternal and fetal health, early detection of complications, and reinforcement of healthy lifestyle habits."},{"q":"What does the term “gravida” indicate?","a":"Gravida refers to the total number of times a woman has been pregnant, regardless of outcome."},{"q":"What does “para” mean in obstetrics?","a":"Para represents the number of pregnancies carried beyond 20 weeks, regardless of whether the infant was born alive or stillborn."},{"q":"What is Goodell’s sign?","a":"Goodell’s sign is softening of the cervix, typically noticed around the second month of pregnancy, due to increased vascularity."},{"q":"What is Chadwick’s sign?","a":"Chadwick’s sign is the bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and vulva caused by increased blood flow, visible around week 6 of pregnancy."},{"q":"What is Hegar’s sign?","a":"Hegar’s sign is the softening of the uterine isthmus, the area between the cervix and uterus, indicating early pregnancy."},{"q":"What is the importance of prenatal folic acid supplementation?","a":"Folic acid prevents neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly by promoting proper closure of the fetal neural tube."},{"q":"How should iron supplements be taken during pregnancy?","a":"Iron should be taken on an empty stomach with vitamin C to enhance absorption, and not with milk, tea, or coffee."},{"q":"How can constipation be reduced during pregnancy?","a":"Encourage a diet high in fiber, adequate fluid intake, and moderate daily exercise such as walking."},{"q":"What causes heartburn in pregnancy?","a":"The relaxation of the cardiac sphincter due to progesterone and pressure from the growing uterus cause gastric reflux."},{"q":"What causes varicose veins in pregnant women?","a":"Increased venous pressure in the lower extremities due to uterine compression on pelvic veins leads to varicosities."},{"q":"How can pregnant women prevent varicose veins?","a":"Avoid standing for long periods, elevate the legs when sitting, and wear support stockings."},{"q":"What are common discomforts in the second trimester?","a":"Heartburn, backache, constipation, and leg cramps are common in the second trimester."},{"q":"What is the purpose of Kegel exercises during pregnancy?","a":"Kegel exercises strengthen pelvic muscles, improve bladder control, and help with postpartum recovery."},{"q":"What is the normal duration of pregnancy?","a":"Normal pregnancy lasts approximately 280 days or 40 weeks from the first day of the last menstrual period."},{"q":"What is the first immunization given to a newborn?","a":"The hepatitis B vaccine is usually given within the first 12 hours of life."},{"q":"Why is vitamin K given to newborns?","a":"Vitamin K prevents hemorrhagic disease of the newborn by promoting blood clotting until intestinal flora develop."},{"q":"What newborn screening is mandatory in most states?","a":"The Guthrie test for phenylketonuria (PKU) is routinely performed between the second and sixth days after birth."},{"q":"What is the normal fetal heart rate during pregnancy?","a":"The normal fetal heart rate ranges between 120 and 160 beats per minute."},{"q":"What is the purpose of a nonstress test?","a":"The nonstress test evaluates fetal well-being by measuring heart rate accelerations associated with fetal movement."},{"q":"What is a normal expected result of a nonstress test?","a":"A reactive result—two or more accelerations of 15 bpm lasting 15 seconds within 20 minutes—indicates fetal health."},{"q":"When should a pregnant woman contact her healthcare provider immediately?","a":"If she experiences vaginal bleeding, leakage of fluid, severe headache, blurred vision, or decreased fetal movement."},{"q":"How can morning sickness be minimized?","a":"Eat small frequent meals, avoid fatty or spicy foods, and drink fluids between rather than with meals."},{"q":"What is ptyalism?","a":"Ptyalism is excessive salivation during pregnancy, a common discomfort caused by hormonal changes."},{"q":"What is line nigra?","a":"Linea nigra is a dark vertical line appearing on the abdomen during pregnancy due to hormonal changes."},{"q":"What is chloasma?","a":"Chloasma, or “mask of pregnancy,” is hyperpigmentation over the cheeks and forehead, caused by increased estrogen and progesterone."},{"q":"What is colostrum?","a":"Colostrum is the thick yellowish pre-milk fluid rich in antibodies and protein, produced before breast milk."},{"q":"When should breastfeeding ideally begin?","a":"Breastfeeding should begin within the first hour after birth if the mother and baby are stable."},{"q":"How long should exclusive breastfeeding continue?","a":"Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life."},{"q":"What are the benefits of breastfeeding for the baby?","a":"It provides antibodies, optimal nutrition, protection from infection, and promotes bonding."},{"q":"What are the benefits of breastfeeding for the mother?","a":"It promotes uterine involution, delays ovulation, and helps with postpartum weight loss."},{"q":"What causes leg cramps during pregnancy?","a":"Compression of pelvic nerves by the uterus and decreased calcium levels contribute to leg cramps."},{"q":"What can help relieve leg cramps during pregnancy?","a":"Dorsiflex the affected foot and increase calcium intake under healthcare supervision."},{"q":"What is the most reliable indicator of fetal growth?","a":"The fundal height measurement correlates closely with gestational age after 20 weeks."},{"q":"What is the significance of fundal height measurements?","a":"A height that deviates more than 2 cm from expected may indicate growth restriction or multiple gestation."},{"q":"What causes frequent urination during pregnancy?","a":"Increased pressure of the growing uterus on the bladder, especially in the first and last trimesters."},{"q":"How can urinary tract infections be prevented during pregnancy?","a":"Encourage fluid intake, frequent voiding, wiping front to back, and avoiding bubble baths."},{"q":"What is the recommended daily caloric increase during pregnancy?","a":"Approximately 300 additional calories per day are required to support fetal growth."},{"q":"What are the key nutrients needed during pregnancy?","a":"Increased protein, iron, folic acid, and calcium intake are essential for maternal and fetal health."},{"q":"What should be avoided during pregnancy?","a":"Alcohol, smoking, recreational drugs, and unpasteurized foods should be avoided to protect fetal development."},{"q":"What is the average weight gain for a healthy pregnancy?","a":"The recommended total weight gain is 25 to 35 pounds for women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI."},{"q":"What is the safest sleeping position during pregnancy?","a":"The left lateral position improves uteroplacental blood flow and reduces vena cava compression."},{"q":"Why should pregnant women avoid supine position?","a":"Lying flat compresses the vena cava, reducing blood return and causing hypotension."},{"q":"What foods should be avoided due to listeria risk?","a":"Unpasteurized cheese, deli meats, and undercooked hot dogs should be avoided."},{"q":"What causes hemorrhoids in pregnancy?","a":"Increased pressure on rectal veins and constipation contribute to hemorrhoid formation."},{"q":"How can hemorrhoids be relieved during pregnancy?","a":"Use warm sitz baths, avoid prolonged sitting, and increase dietary fiber and fluids."},{"q":"What is the average fetal heart rate at 10 weeks?","a":"Around 170 beats per minute, gradually decreasing to 120–160 bpm near term."},{"q":"What are warning signs of preterm labor?","a":"Regular contractions, backache, pelvic pressure, and watery discharge before 37 weeks."},{"q":"What is the normal fetal presentation at term?","a":"Cephalic (head-first) presentation is the most common and ideal position for delivery."},{"q":"What is the recommended interval between pregnancies?","a":"At least 18 months between deliveries reduces maternal and neonatal complications."},{"q":"What are common prenatal tests?","a":"Urinalysis, CBC, blood type, rubella titer, syphilis screen, hepatitis B, and glucose testing."},{"q":"What is an ultrasound used for in pregnancy?","a":"To determine fetal age, growth, position, and placental location."},{"q":"What is amniocentesis used for?","a":"To analyze amniotic fluid for chromosomal abnormalities and fetal lung maturity."},{"q":"When is amniocentesis safest to perform?","a":"Usually between 14 and 16 weeks of gestation."},{"q":"What is chorionic villus sampling (CVS)?","a":"A procedure performed between 10 and 13 weeks to obtain placental tissue for genetic testing."},{"q":"What is the main risk of chorionic villus sampling?","a":"Increased risk of limb defects if performed before 9 weeks and miscarriage."},{"q":"What is the purpose of an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test?","a":"To screen for neural tube defects (high AFP) and Down syndrome (low AFP)."},{"q":"What are common discomforts in the first trimester?","a":"Nausea, fatigue, breast tenderness, and frequent urination are typical."},{"q":"What is the significance of a triple or quad screen?","a":"It evaluates maternal AFP, hCG, estriol, and inhibin A to identify fetal chromosomal abnormalities."},{"q":"What can cause round ligament pain?","a":"Stretching of ligaments supporting the uterus causes sharp groin pain during rapid movements."},{"q":"How can round ligament pain be relieved?","a":"Rest, slow position changes, and gentle stretching can alleviate discomfort."},{"q":"What is the purpose of prenatal education classes?","a":"To prepare expectant parents for childbirth, breastfeeding, and newborn care."},{"q":"What are the stages of fetal development?","a":"Zygote (0–2 weeks), embryo (2–8 weeks), and fetus (9 weeks to birth)."},{"q":"What is the role of estrogen during pregnancy?","a":"Estrogen promotes uterine growth, increases vascularity, and prepares breasts for lactation."},{"q":"What is the role of progesterone during pregnancy?","a":"Progesterone maintains uterine lining and prevents contractions early in pregnancy."},{"q":"What is the role of relaxin?","a":"Relaxin softens connective tissue and the cervix to facilitate delivery."},{"q":"What are Braxton Hicks contractions?","a":"Irregular, painless contractions that prepare the uterus for labor but do not cause cervical change."},{"q":"What is the purpose of the mucus plug?","a":"It seals the cervical canal to prevent bacteria from entering the uterus."},{"q":"What are normal fetal movements per hour in the third trimester?","a":"At least 10 movements in 2 hours are expected; fewer should be reported."},{"q":"What is the recommended daily fluid intake for pregnant women?","a":"About 2 to 3 liters of water daily to maintain hydration and prevent constipation."},{"q":"What is the recommended daily calcium intake during pregnancy?","a":"About 1,000 mg per day to support fetal skeletal development."},{"q":"How can pregnant women prevent urinary leakage during late pregnancy?","a":"Perform Kegel exercises and empty the bladder frequently."},{"q":"Why should hot tubs and saunas be avoided in early pregnancy?","a":"High temperatures increase the risk of neural tube defects."},{"q":"What is the safest form of exercise during pregnancy?","a":"Low-impact activities like walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga are safest."},{"q":"When should sexual activity be avoided during pregnancy?","a":"In cases of vaginal bleeding, placenta previa, or history of preterm labor."},{"q":"What are signs of pregnancy complications?","a":"Vaginal bleeding, swelling of hands or face, visual changes, or severe abdominal pain."},{"q":"Why should caffeine be limited in pregnancy?","a":"Excess caffeine may contribute to low birth weight and miscarriage."}]

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Health Promotion And Maintenance Flashcards

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Health Promotion and Maintenance – Pregnancy, Prenatal, and Newborn Development

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